CN110967758B - Method and system for detecting spatial position of seismic acquisition excitation point - Google Patents
Method and system for detecting spatial position of seismic acquisition excitation point Download PDFInfo
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- CN110967758B CN110967758B CN201811159454.8A CN201811159454A CN110967758B CN 110967758 B CN110967758 B CN 110967758B CN 201811159454 A CN201811159454 A CN 201811159454A CN 110967758 B CN110967758 B CN 110967758B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
Abstract
A method and system for detecting the spatial position of an earthquake acquisition excitation point are disclosed. The method can comprise the following steps: dividing a plurality of time windows on a seismic channel, and calculating the energy ratio of adjacent time windows; obtaining the next time window with the largest energy ratio, and further determining the first arrival time; carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating the near-surface velocity, and further calculating the error of the detection point; setting an error threshold, and if the error of the wave detection point is greater than the error threshold, taking the corresponding shot point as an offset point; and recalculating the error of the demodulator probe, and selecting the point with the minimum error of the demodulator probe as the actual shot point position. The invention can quickly detect and judge the actual position of the excitation point by acquiring the deviation point error and determining the correction value to correct the position.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas geophysical exploration, in particular to a method and a system for detecting the spatial position of an earthquake acquisition excitation point.
Background
The current data acquisition uses high-density, small track pitch and high-coverage mass data, the construction requirement is higher and higher in production, ground surface obstacles are increased in an actual construction area, the number of excitation points with deviation is increased, the direction of the deviation is also complex, the precision of section superposition is influenced, and the production requirement cannot be met by conventional linear dynamic correction. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method and a system for detecting the spatial position of the seismic acquisition excitation point.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for detecting the spatial position of an excitation point for seismic acquisition, which can determine a correction value for correcting the position by acquiring an error of a deviation point, and can quickly detect and judge the actual position of the excitation point.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for detecting the spatial position of an earthquake acquisition excitation point is provided. The method may include: dividing a plurality of time windows on a seismic channel, and calculating the energy ratio of adjacent time windows; obtaining the next time window with the largest energy ratio, and further determining the first arrival time; carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating the near-surface velocity, and further calculating the error of the detection point; setting an error threshold, and if the error of the wave detection point is greater than the error threshold, taking the corresponding shot point as an offset point; and recalculating the error of the demodulator probe, and selecting the point with the minimum error of the demodulator probe as the actual shot point position.
Preferably, the energy ratio of adjacent time windows is calculated as:
wherein A is the energy ratio before and after the first arrival in the time window, x (T) is the signal amplitude value, T0Is the starting point of the previous time window, T1Is the end point of the previous time window and the start point of the next time window, T2The end of the latter time window.
Preferably, performing inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating a near-surface velocity, and further calculating a demodulator probe error includes: carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, and calculating the near-surface velocity; calculating the average superposition wave velocity of the wave detection points according to the near-surface velocity; calculating the moving average speed of the wave detection point according to the average superposition wave speed of the wave detection point; and calculating the error of the detection point according to the moving average speed of the detection point.
Preferably, the near-surface velocity is:
wherein v isiIs the near-surface velocity, DiIs an offset, tiFor the first arrival time, i represents the seismic trace number, i ═ 1,2, …, n.
Preferably, the average superposition wave speed of the wave detection points is as follows:
wherein v iss[j]Is the average superimposed wave velocity, v, of the j-th detection pointj[n]And M is the number of times of the conventional wave velocity superposed at the j detection point.
Preferably, the moving average speed of the wave detection point is:
wherein v isa[j]Represents the moving average velocity of the j-th detection point.
Preferably, the demodulator probe error is:
wherein e is the error of the demodulator probe.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: calculating a correction value according to the minimum demodulator probe error; and correcting other offset points according to the correction amount.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a system for detecting the spatial position of an excitation point for seismic acquisition is provided, which is characterized in that the system comprises: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of: dividing a plurality of time windows on a seismic channel, and calculating the energy ratio of adjacent time windows; obtaining the next time window with the largest energy ratio, and further determining the first arrival time; carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating the near-surface velocity, and further calculating the error of the detection point; setting an error threshold, and if the error of the wave detection point is greater than the error threshold, taking the corresponding shot point as an offset point; and recalculating the error of the demodulator probe, and selecting the point with the minimum error of the demodulator probe as the actual shot point position.
Preferably, the energy ratio of adjacent time windows is calculated as:
wherein A is the energy ratio before and after the first arrival in the time window, x (T) is the signal amplitude value, T0Is the starting point of the previous time window, T1Is the end point of the previous time window and the start point of the next time window, T2The end of the latter time window.
Preferably, performing inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating a near-surface velocity, and further calculating a demodulator probe error includes: carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, and calculating the near-surface velocity; calculating the average superposition wave velocity of the wave detection points according to the near-surface velocity; calculating the moving average speed of the wave detection point according to the average superposition wave speed of the wave detection point; and calculating the error of the detection point according to the moving average speed of the detection point.
Preferably, the near-surface velocity is:
wherein v isiIs the near-surface velocity, DiIs an offset, tiFor the first arrival time, i represents the seismic trace number, i ═ 1,2, …, n.
Preferably, the average superposition wave speed of the wave detection points is as follows:
wherein v iss[j]Is the average superimposed wave velocity, v, of the j-th detection pointj[n]And M is the number of times of the conventional wave velocity superposed at the j detection point.
Preferably, the moving average speed of the wave detection point is:
wherein v isa[j]Represents the moving average velocity of the j-th detection point.
Preferably, the demodulator probe error is:
wherein e is the error of the demodulator probe.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: calculating a correction value according to the minimum demodulator probe error; and correcting other offset points according to the correction amount.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a seismic acquisition excitation point spatial position detection method according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a seismic acquisition excitation point spatial position detection method according to the invention.
In this embodiment, the method for detecting the spatial position of the seismic acquisition excitation point according to the invention may include: dividing a plurality of time windows on a seismic channel, and calculating the energy ratio of adjacent time windows; obtaining the next time window with the largest energy ratio, and further determining the first arrival time; carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating the near-surface velocity, and further calculating the error of the detection point; setting an error threshold, and if the error of the wave detection point is greater than the error threshold, taking the corresponding shot point as an offset point; and recalculating the error of the demodulator probe, and selecting the point with the minimum error of the demodulator probe as the actual shot point position.
In one example, the energy ratio of adjacent time windows is calculated as:
wherein A is the energy ratio before and after the first arrival in the time window, x (T) is the signal amplitude value, T0Is the starting point of the previous time window, T1Is the end point of the previous time window and the start point of the next time window, T2The end of the latter time window.
In one example, performing an inversion based on first arrival time, calculating near-surface velocities, and then calculating a demodulator probe error comprises: carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, and calculating the near-surface velocity; calculating the average superposition wave velocity of the wave detection points according to the near-surface velocity; calculating the moving average speed of the wave detection point according to the average superposition wave speed of the wave detection point; and calculating the error of the detection point according to the moving average speed of the detection point.
In one example, the near-surface velocity is:
wherein v isiIs the near-surface velocity, DiIs an offset, tiFor the first arrival time, i represents the seismic trace number, i ═ 1,2, …, n.
In one example, the average stacking wave velocity of the demodulator probes is:
wherein v iss[j]Is the average superimposed wave velocity, v, of the j-th detection pointj[n]And M is the number of times of the conventional wave velocity superposed at the j detection point.
In one example, the demodulator probe moving average speed is:
wherein v isa[j]Represents the moving average velocity of the j-th detection point.
In one example, the demodulator probe error is:
wherein e is the error of the demodulator probe.
In one example, further comprising: calculating a correction value according to the minimum demodulator probe error; and correcting other offset points according to the correction amount.
Specifically, the method for detecting the spatial position of the seismic acquisition excitation point can comprise the following steps:
signals before and after the earthquake recording have very large difference, the first arrival time is picked up by utilizing the selected time window, and the maximum value of the energy ratio of the time window before and after the first arrival is a method for checking the first arrival time. Dividing a plurality of time windows on a seismic channel, and calculating the energy ratio of adjacent time windows through a formula (1); and obtaining the next time window of the two time windows corresponding to the maximum energy ratio, and determining the time with the maximum energy in the time window, namely the first arrival time.
Carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, and calculating the near-surface velocity through a formula (2) for seismic channels with different offset distances in the surface element range; the offset of the shot-geophone point position can generate errors for inversion accuracy, the error generated by shot point position deviation can be reduced by averaging the superposition acceleration of each detection point, and the average superposition wave velocity of the detection point is calculated by a formula (3) according to the near-surface velocity; correcting the near-surface velocity between the shot point and each detection point by using the sliding average wave velocity, reducing the influence of the near-surface factors on the wave velocity, and calculating the sliding average velocity of the detection points by a formula (4) according to the average superposition wave velocity of a certain detection point and 4 detection points around the certain detection point; the time error of the demodulation point can be obtained by calculating the time of the direct wave by using the average speed of the earth surface and then calculating the error between the time of the direct wave and the first arrival time, namely calculating the error of the demodulation point by a formula (5) according to the sliding average speed of the demodulation point, wherein the larger the error value is, the farther the offset position of the demodulation point is.
Setting an error threshold, if the error of the wave detection point is less than or equal to the error threshold, the corresponding shot point is a normal point, and if the error of the wave detection point is greater than the error threshold, the corresponding shot point is an offset point; recalculating the error of the demodulator probe, and selecting the point with the minimum error of the demodulator probe as the actual shot point position; calculating a correction value according to the minimum demodulator probe error; and correcting other offset points according to the correction amount.
The method determines the correction value to correct the position by acquiring the deviation point error, and can quickly detect and judge the actual position of the excitation point.
Application example
To facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The method for detecting the spatial position of the seismic acquisition excitation point comprises the following steps:
dividing a plurality of time windows on a seismic channel, and calculating the energy ratio of adjacent time windows through a formula (1); and obtaining the next time window of the two time windows corresponding to the maximum energy ratio, and determining the time with the maximum energy in the time window, namely the first arrival time.
Carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, and calculating the near-surface velocity through a formula (2) for seismic channels with different offset distances in the surface element range; the offset of the shot-geophone point position can generate errors for inversion accuracy, the error generated by shot point position deviation can be reduced by averaging the superposition acceleration of each detection point, and the average superposition wave velocity of the detection point is calculated by a formula (3) according to the near-surface velocity; correcting the near-surface velocity between the shot point and each detection point by using the sliding average wave velocity, reducing the influence of the near-surface factors on the wave velocity, and calculating the sliding average velocity of the detection points by a formula (4) according to the average superposition wave velocity of a certain detection point and 4 detection points around the certain detection point; the time error of the demodulation point can be obtained by calculating the time of the direct wave by using the average speed of the earth surface and then calculating the error between the time of the direct wave and the first arrival time, namely calculating the error of the demodulation point by a formula (5) according to the sliding average speed of the demodulation point, wherein the larger the error value is, the farther the offset position of the demodulation point is.
Setting an error threshold, and if the error of the wave detection point is greater than the error threshold, taking the corresponding shot point as an offset point; recalculating the error of the demodulator probe, and selecting the point with the minimum error of the demodulator probe as the actual shot point position; calculating a correction value according to the minimum demodulator probe error; and correcting other offset points according to the correction amount.
Excitation point space position detection of a field acquisition site is real-time, and correction value calculation needs to be rapid and accurate. Taking a certain day of construction record of a certain work area as an example, collecting 752 cannons shot on the day, detecting 8 cannons in total at a position offset point by using the method, wherein the offset rate is 1.06%, and rapidly calculating the offset direction and distance. Therefore, the method can be corrected in real time without modifying the observation system, the trouble of reloading the observation system is reduced, and the accuracy of correcting the position of the off-site excitation point collected in the field is ensured. The method can be used for multiple times in a field acquisition field, can automatically calculate the offset point distance and judge the offset direction, reduces the influence of human factors, and ensures that the excitation point inspection result is more accurate and reliable.
The invention can quickly detect and judge the actual position of the excitation point by acquiring the deviation point error and determining the correction value to correct the position.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a seismic acquisition excitation point spatial position detection system, characterized in that the system comprises: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of: dividing a plurality of time windows on a seismic channel, and calculating the energy ratio of adjacent time windows; obtaining the next time window with the largest energy ratio, and further determining the first arrival time; carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating the near-surface velocity, and further calculating the error of the detection point; setting an error threshold, and if the error of the wave detection point is greater than the error threshold, taking the corresponding shot point as an offset point; and recalculating the error of the demodulator probe, and selecting the point with the minimum error of the demodulator probe as the actual shot point position.
In one example, the energy ratio of adjacent time windows is calculated as:
wherein A is the energy ratio before and after the first arrival in the time window, x (T) is the signal amplitude value, T0Is the starting point of the previous time window, T1Is the end point of the previous time window and the start point of the next time window, T2The end of the latter time window.
In one example, performing an inversion based on first arrival time, calculating near-surface velocities, and then calculating a demodulator probe error comprises: carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, and calculating the near-surface velocity; calculating the average superposition wave velocity of the wave detection points according to the near-surface velocity; calculating the moving average speed of the wave detection point according to the average superposition wave speed of the wave detection point; and calculating the error of the detection point according to the moving average speed of the detection point.
In one example, the near-surface velocity is:
wherein v isiIs the near-surface velocity, DiIs an offset, tiFor the first arrival time, i represents the seismic trace number, i ═ 1,2, …, n.
In one example, the average stacking wave velocity of the demodulator probes is:
wherein v iss[j]Is the average superimposed wave velocity, v, of the j-th detection pointj[n]And M is the number of times of the conventional wave velocity superposed at the j detection point.
In one example, the demodulator probe moving average speed is:
wherein v isa[j]Represents the moving average velocity of the j-th detection point.
In one example, the demodulator probe error is:
wherein e is the error of the demodulator probe.
In one example, further comprising: calculating a correction value according to the minimum demodulator probe error; and correcting other offset points according to the correction amount.
The system determines the correction value to correct the position by acquiring the deviation point error, and can quickly detect and judge the actual position of the excitation point.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. A method for detecting the spatial position of an excitation point acquired from a seismic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing a plurality of time windows on a seismic channel, and calculating the energy ratio of adjacent time windows;
obtaining the next time window with the largest energy ratio, and further determining the first arrival time;
carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating the near-surface velocity, and further calculating the error of the detection point;
setting an error threshold, and if the error of the wave detection point is greater than the error threshold, taking the corresponding shot point as an offset point;
recalculating the error of the demodulator probe, and selecting the point with the minimum error of the demodulator probe as the actual shot point position;
carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating the near-surface velocity, and further calculating the error of the detection point, wherein the inversion comprises the following steps:
carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, and calculating the near-surface velocity;
calculating the average superposition wave velocity of the wave detection points according to the near-surface velocity;
calculating the moving average speed of the wave detection point according to the average superposition wave speed of the wave detection point;
and calculating the error of the detection point according to the moving average speed of the detection point.
2. The method of detecting the spatial location of a seismic acquisition excitation point of claim 1, wherein the energy ratio of adjacent time windows is calculated as:
wherein A is the energy ratio before and after the first arrival in the time window, x (T) is the signal amplitude value, T0Is the starting point of the previous time window, T1Is the end point of the previous time window and the start point of the next time window, T2The end of the latter time window.
3. The method of detecting the spatial location of a seismic acquisition excitation point of claim 1, wherein the near-surface velocity is:
wherein v isiIs the near-surface velocity, DiIs an offset, tiFor the first arrival time, i represents the seismic trace number, i ═ 1,2, …, n.
4. The method of detecting the spatial position of the seismic acquisition excitation point according to claim 1, wherein the average superposition wave speed of the wave detection points is as follows:
wherein v iss[j]Is the average superimposed wave velocity, v, of the j-th detection pointi[j][n]And M is the number of times of the conventional wave velocity superposed at the j detection point.
5. The method of detecting the spatial position of a seismic acquisition excitation point according to claim 1, wherein the moving average velocity of the demodulator probe is:
wherein v isa[j]Represents the moving average velocity of the j-th detection point.
6. The method of detecting the spatial position of a seismic acquisition excitation point according to claim 1, wherein the error of the demodulator probe is:
wherein e is the error of the demodulator probe.
7. The method of detecting the spatial location of a seismic acquisition excitation point according to claim 1, further comprising:
calculating a correction value according to the minimum demodulator probe error;
and correcting other offset points according to the correction amount.
8. A seismic acquisition excitation point spatial position detection system, comprising:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
dividing a plurality of time windows on a seismic channel, and calculating the energy ratio of adjacent time windows;
obtaining the next time window with the largest energy ratio, and further determining the first arrival time;
carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating the near-surface velocity, and further calculating the error of the detection point;
setting an error threshold, and if the error of the wave detection point is greater than the error threshold, taking the corresponding shot point as an offset point;
recalculating the error of the demodulator probe, and selecting the point with the minimum error of the demodulator probe as the actual shot point position;
carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, calculating the near-surface velocity, and further calculating the error of the detection point, wherein the inversion comprises the following steps:
carrying out inversion according to the first arrival time, and calculating the near-surface velocity;
calculating the average superposition wave velocity of the wave detection points according to the near-surface velocity;
calculating the moving average speed of the wave detection point according to the average superposition wave speed of the wave detection point;
and calculating the error of the detection point according to the moving average speed of the detection point.
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