CN110967650B - Alternating current power supply test bed - Google Patents
Alternating current power supply test bed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110967650B CN110967650B CN201911243820.2A CN201911243820A CN110967650B CN 110967650 B CN110967650 B CN 110967650B CN 201911243820 A CN201911243820 A CN 201911243820A CN 110967650 B CN110967650 B CN 110967650B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cabinet
- load
- product
- contactor
- alternating current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
- G01R31/42—AC power supplies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Tests Of Circuit Breakers, Generators, And Electric Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an alternating current power supply test bed which comprises an alternating current power distribution cabinet, a dragging system, an alternating current load box, a control console, a contactor cabinet, a signal conditioning box, an industrial control computer and a product to be detected, wherein the alternating current power distribution cabinet is respectively connected with the dragging system, the contactor cabinet and the alternating current load box; the invention has the advantages that: the method is convenient and quick, the fault positioning is quick, and the test efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alternating current tests, and particularly relates to an alternating current power supply test bed.
Background
At present, most of test stands are manually tested, manually operated, long in time and long in time, a plurality of instruments are manually observed, test data are required to be manually read, data analysis and calculation are required to be carried out, the efficiency is low, the test precision is low, and an alternating current power supply test is an essential link in the process of developing, producing and maintaining the alternating current power supply, so that automatic test of the alternating current power supply is urgently needed, the working efficiency and the test precision of the test are improved, and the labor intensity of test staff is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and adapt to the actual needs, thereby providing a test bed for realizing automatic and efficient open-loop and closed-loop detection tests on an alternating current power supply system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an ac power supply test stand, characterized in that: the automatic detection device comprises an alternating current power distribution cabinet, a dragging system, an alternating current load box, a control console, a contactor cabinet, a signal conditioning box, an industrial control computer and a product to be detected, wherein the alternating current power distribution cabinet is respectively connected with the dragging system, the contactor cabinet and the alternating current load box, the dragging system is respectively connected with the alternating current power distribution cabinet, the control console, the product to be detected and the industrial control computer, the product to be detected is respectively connected with the dragging system, the control console and the alternating current load box, the alternating current load box is respectively connected with the alternating current power distribution cabinet and the product to be detected, the control console is respectively connected with the dragging system, the product to be detected and the contactor cabinet, the contactor cabinet is respectively connected with the control console, the alternating current power distribution cabinet and the signal conditioning box, the signal conditioning box is respectively connected with the contactor cabinet, the industrial control computer and the control console, and the industrial control computer is respectively connected with the signal conditioning box and the dragging system; the product to be detected is arranged on a dragging system, the control desk comprises a plurality of switches, meters and indicator lamps, the alternating current power distribution cabinet provides working power for a contactor cabinet, the dragging system and an alternating current load box, the dragging system is controlled by the control desk and an industrial control computer and drives the product to be detected to work in each state, a resistive load, an inductive load and a capacitive load are arranged in the alternating current load box, the three load values are loads of products to be detected, the contactor cabinet controls the loads of the three loads, a relay, a contactor, a voltage sensor and a current sensor are installed in the contactor cabinet, and the signal conditioning box is provided with an I/O interface, an A/D sampling module, a voltage conditioning module and a current conditioning module and is used for converting signals into standard signals which can be identified by an industrial control computer.
Further, the switch is used for controlling the running state of the dragging system, selecting a manual control mode and an automatic control mode, selecting different test items, and the instrument is used for reading parameters of rotating speed, voltage, current and test results.
Further, the alternating current power distribution cabinet comprises a system power distribution part and a power supply detection part, wherein the system power distribution part is used for providing working power for the contactor cabinet, the dragging system and the alternating current load box, and the power supply detection part is used for monitoring the power supply state of the whole device.
Further, the dragging system comprises an ACS-800 variable frequency speed regulator, a three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor and a speed increasing box, wherein the three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor is connected with a product to be detected through the speed increasing box, and the ACS-800 variable frequency speed regulator is connected with the three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor and used for converting frequencies to control the rotating speed of the three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor, so that the state of the product to be detected is controlled.
Further, the relay and the contactor are used for logic control, the voltage sensor is used for collecting voltage data, and the current sensor is used for collecting current data.
Further, the product to be inspected is an alternator and an alternator controller to be inspected.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the device is used for performing closed-loop performance tests on an alternator and an alternator controller, and can perform open-loop performance tests on the alternator controller, two test modes are set, and an automatic control mechanism is used for testing a large number of pre-installed checks of the alternator and the alternator controller, so that test reports are automatically generated and printed, and the device is convenient and quick; when the tested object fails, the manual control mechanism is adopted for testing, so that the failure positioning is quick, and the test efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an alternator entering a closed loop test flow path in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an open loop test procedure for an ac controller according to the present invention.
In fig. 1: 10 is a control console, 20 is an industrial control computer, 30 is a contactor cabinet, 40 is a signal conditioning box, 50 is a product to be detected, 60 is an alternating current power distribution cabinet, 70 is an alternating current load box, and 80 is a dragging system.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an ac power supply test stand, which comprises an ac power distribution cabinet 60, a dragging system 80, an ac load box 70, a control cabinet 10, a contactor cabinet 30, a signal conditioning box 40, an industrial control computer 20 and a product 50 to be detected, wherein the ac power distribution cabinet 60 is respectively connected with the dragging system 80, the contactor cabinet 30 and the ac load box 70, the dragging system 80 is respectively connected with the ac power distribution cabinet 60, the control cabinet 10, the product 50 to be detected and the industrial control computer 20, the product 50 to be detected is respectively connected with the dragging system 80, the control cabinet 10 and the ac load box 70, the ac load box 70 is respectively connected with the ac power distribution cabinet 60 and the product 50 to be detected, the control cabinet 10 is respectively connected with the dragging system 80, the product 50 to be detected and the contactor cabinet 30, the contactor cabinet 30 is respectively connected with the control cabinet 10, the ac power distribution cabinet 60 and the signal conditioning box 40, the industrial control computer 20 and the control cabinet 10, and the industrial control computer 20 is respectively connected with the dragging system 80 and the signal conditioning box 40; the product 50 to be detected is installed on a dragging system, the control console comprises a plurality of switches, meters and indicator lamps, a manual control mode and an automatic control mode can be selected through the switches, test instructions are sent out through operating various switches in the manual control mode, various working states of the product 50 to be detected are controlled to finish tests, test results are displayed through the meters of the control console, the industrial control computer 20 sends out test instructions through an operation software panel in the automatic control mode, test items are automatically finished, test results are displayed, the AC power distribution cabinet 60 provides working power for the contactor cabinet 30, the dragging system 80 and the AC load box 70, the dragging system 80 is controlled by the control console and the industrial control computer 20 and drives the product 50 to work in various states, resistive loads, inductive loads and capacitive loads are arranged in the AC load box 70, different values are set to serve as loads of the product 50 to be detected, whether the loads of the three loads are controlled by the contactor cabinet 30, a relay, a contactor, a voltage sensor and a current sensor are arranged in the contactor cabinet 30, and a signal conditioning module 40 and an input/output signal conditioning module 20 are arranged in the AC power distribution cabinet, and the signal conditioning module is used for conditioning signals of the input/output signal conditioning module 20.
Preferably, the switches are used to control the operational state of the traction system 80, to select manual and automatic control modes, and to select different test items, and the meters are used to read parameters of speed, voltage, current, and test results.
Preferably, the ac power distribution cabinet 60 includes a system power distribution portion for supplying operating power to the contactor cabinet 30, the drag system 80, and the ac load box 70, and a power detection portion for monitoring the power state of the entire apparatus.
Preferably, the dragging system 80 comprises an ACS-800 variable frequency speed regulator, a three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor and a speed increasing box, wherein the three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor is connected with the product 50 to be detected through the speed increasing box, and the ACS-800 variable frequency speed regulator is connected with the three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor and is used for converting frequency to control the rotating speed of the three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor, so as to control the state of the product 50 to be detected.
Preferably, the relay and the contactor are used for logic control, the voltage sensor is used for collecting voltage data, and the current sensor is used for collecting current data.
Preferably, the product 50 to be tested is an alternator and an alternator controller to be tested.
In the invention, a plurality of switches, meters and indicator lamps are arranged on the control console, the switch is turned on or off after the contactor cabinet 30 receives signals, and the on-off of corresponding interfaces of the product 50 to be detected is controlled, so that the inspection of the alternator and the generator controller is realized.
In the present invention, in the automatic control mode, the test is performed according to the test flow shown in fig. 2 and 3, firstly, the ac power supply and ac load box 70 are connected after the contactor cabinet 30 receives the signal sent by the test operation panel, then the corresponding interface of the product 50 to be detected is opened, then the industrial control computer 20 (for short, the industrial control computer 20) starts to read the configuration data, and enters the initialization, after the initialization is completed, the parameters of the product 50 to be detected to be tested are set, the industrial control computer 20 starts to enter the automatic test, the test data is returned to the industrial control computer 20 through the voltage sensor and the current sensor in the contactor cabinet 30, the test data is displayed through the operation panel, and finally, the test data table is filled in, so as to realize the inspection of the ac power generator and the ac power generator controller.
In the invention, the manual control mode is to manually adjust and select different parameters through a control switch and a knob, send signals to the contactor cabinet 30, control different working states of the product 50 to be detected by the contactor cabinet 30, complete test items and display test results through an instrument of a control console.
In the present invention, the automatic control mode is to issue a test instruction by operating a software panel in the industrial control computer 20, automatically complete each test item, and display a test result.
In the test circuit of the closed-loop performance test of the detected generator and the generator controller, a digital ammeter and a voltmeter are connected to an excitation loop of the alternating-current generator, a digital voltmeter and ammeter measuring parameters are connected to a permanent magnet machine loop of the alternating-current generator, the alternating-current generator is connected with the alternating-current generator controller through a cable, the digital ammeter, the voltmeter and the power meter are connected between the alternating-current generator and a load contactor to measure the output voltage, the current and the load power of the alternating-current generator, the digital voltmeter is connected to a current transformer loop of the alternating-current generator to measure the output voltage of the current transformer, and a control switch is connected in series to the loop of the alternating-current generator controller, so that the generation of the generator can be stopped conveniently and quickly.
The specific operation mode of the invention is as follows:
1) Testing of a large number of products prior to installation using an automatic control mode
First, the alternator to be detected is correctly installed on the traction system 80, the generator controller is connected, the power switch on the console 10 is turned on by powering on the ac power distribution cabinet, and the automatic detection mode is selected.
Then, the test operation panel is tested by the AC power supply test stand, the AC power generator test is selected to enter a closed loop test flow (if the AC controller test is selected, the open loop test flow is entered), the contactor cabinet 30 receives signals sent by the test operation panel, then the AC power supply and the AC load box 70 are connected, corresponding interfaces of the product 50 to be detected are opened, the industrial personal computer 20 reads configuration data, the initialization is entered, various test parameters required to be tested are set after the initialization is completed, the industrial personal computer 20 starts to enter an automatic test, and the automatic detection items are as follows: the automatic detection items of the current transformer are maintenance BIT detection, control logic detection, voltage regulation range detection, voltage regulation precision detection, high-phase voltage limit detection, undervoltage protection and undervoltage delay detection, overvoltage protection and overvoltage delay detection, undervoltage protection detection, overfrequency protection detection, differential protection detection and fault isolation information detection in sequence; the test data is returned to the industrial control computer 20 through the voltage sensor and the current sensor in the contactor cabinet 30, the test data is displayed through the operation panel, and a test report is generated. Meanwhile, the user can select each test item, view and print test results, monitor the running condition of a dragging system and the like and the running parameters of the alternator to be detected.
2) When the product to be detected fails or an automatic detection system fails, a manual control mode test is started
The switch on the control console 10 is shifted, a manual detection mode is selected, the dragging system 80 is started, the generator is enabled to be at the rated rotation speed, the contactor cabinet 30 receives a switching signal and then is connected with the alternating current power supply and the alternating current load box 70, the corresponding interface of the product 50 to be detected is started, the test item is selectively tested, and the test result is displayed through the instrument on the control console 10 or measured through the checking socket, so that the checking of the alternating current generator and the generator controller is realized.
3) The two test modes can be switched to each other for use
The foregoing shows the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. An ac power supply test stand, characterized in that: including exchanging switch board (60), dragging system (80), exchanging load case (70), control cabinet (10), contactor cabinet (30), signal conditioning case (40), industry control computer (20) and wait to detect product (50), exchanging switch board (60) are connected with dragging system (80), contactor cabinet (30) and exchanging load case (70) respectively, dragging system (80) are connected with exchanging switch board (60), control cabinet (10), wait to detect product (50) and industry control computer (20) respectively, wait to detect product (50) are connected with dragging system (80), control cabinet (10) and exchanging load case (70) respectively, exchanging load case (70) are connected with exchanging switch board (60) and wait to detect product (50) respectively, control cabinet (10) are connected with dragging system (80), wait to detect product (50) and contactor cabinet (30) respectively, contactor cabinet (30) are connected with control cabinet (10), exchanging switch board (60) and signal conditioning case (40) respectively, signal conditioning case (40) are connected with industry control cabinet (30) and signal conditioning case (40) respectively, the industrial control computer (20) is respectively connected with the signal conditioning box (40) and the dragging system (80); the product (50) to be detected is arranged on a dragging system (80), the control desk (10) comprises a plurality of switches, meters and indication lamps, the alternating current power distribution cabinet (60) provides working power for a contactor cabinet (30), the dragging system (80) and an alternating current load box (70), the dragging system (80) is controlled by the control desk (10) and an industrial control computer (20) and drives the product (50) to work in each state, the alternating current load box (70) is internally provided with a resistive load, an inductive load and a capacitive load, the resistive load, the inductive load and the capacitive load are loads of the product (50) to be detected, the contactor cabinet (30) controls the loading of the resistive load, the inductive load and the capacitive load, a relay, a contactor, a voltage sensor and a current sensor are arranged in the contactor cabinet (30), the signal conditioning box (40) is provided with an I/O interface, an A/D sampling module and a current conditioning module, and are used for converting signals into signals which can be recognized by the industrial control computer (20), the switch, the sensor, the contactor cabinet (30) and the contactor cabinet (30) is used for selecting the running standard, the voltage sensor and the current sensor are used for the test mode and the test mode, the test mode and the test mode are used for automatically selecting the voltage control modes, the current sensor is used for collecting current data.
2. The ac power test stand of claim 1, wherein: the alternating current power distribution cabinet (60) comprises a system power distribution part and a power supply detection part, wherein the system power distribution part is used for providing working power for the contactor cabinet (30), the dragging system (80) and the alternating current load box (70), and the power supply detection part is used for monitoring the power supply state of the whole device.
3. The ac power test stand of claim 1, wherein: the dragging system (80) comprises an ACS-800 variable frequency speed regulator, a three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor and a speed increasing box, wherein the three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor is connected with a product (50) to be detected through the speed increasing box, and the ACS-800 variable frequency speed regulator is connected with the three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor and used for converting frequency to control the rotating speed of the three-phase variable frequency speed regulating asynchronous motor so as to control the state of the product (50) to be detected.
4. An ac power test stand according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the product (50) to be tested is an alternator and an alternator controller to be tested.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911243820.2A CN110967650B (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | Alternating current power supply test bed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911243820.2A CN110967650B (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | Alternating current power supply test bed |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110967650A CN110967650A (en) | 2020-04-07 |
| CN110967650B true CN110967650B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
Family
ID=70033443
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911243820.2A Active CN110967650B (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | Alternating current power supply test bed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110967650B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203217023U (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-09-25 | 哈尔滨国力电气有限公司 | Motor and transformer microcomputer integration test stand |
| CN205038314U (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2016-02-17 | 天津电气科学研究院有限公司 | A testing system for generator |
| CN107505529A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-22 | 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 | A kind of DC power distribution unit (PDU) testing stand |
| WO2018045631A1 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | 中车大连电力牵引研发中心有限公司 | Debugging system for traction converter of internal combustion locomotive |
| CN108120930A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-05 | 株洲中达特科电子科技有限公司 | A kind of test system of AC servo |
| CN108680804A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-10-19 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | AC and DC resistance load system based on bus marco and control method |
| CN212301809U (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-01-05 | 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 | Alternating current power supply test bed |
-
2019
- 2019-12-06 CN CN201911243820.2A patent/CN110967650B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203217023U (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-09-25 | 哈尔滨国力电气有限公司 | Motor and transformer microcomputer integration test stand |
| CN205038314U (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2016-02-17 | 天津电气科学研究院有限公司 | A testing system for generator |
| WO2018045631A1 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | 中车大连电力牵引研发中心有限公司 | Debugging system for traction converter of internal combustion locomotive |
| CN107505529A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-22 | 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 | A kind of DC power distribution unit (PDU) testing stand |
| CN108120930A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-05 | 株洲中达特科电子科技有限公司 | A kind of test system of AC servo |
| CN108680804A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-10-19 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | AC and DC resistance load system based on bus marco and control method |
| CN212301809U (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-01-05 | 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 | Alternating current power supply test bed |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110967650A (en) | 2020-04-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103267949A (en) | Motor type test testing system | |
| CN106531252A (en) | Control bar position measuring and testing method | |
| CN110231533A (en) | Temperature-rise test device and method, storage medium, computer equipment | |
| CN209117835U (en) | A kind of locomotive AC motor performance testing stand | |
| CN203337792U (en) | Motor type test system | |
| CN110967650B (en) | Alternating current power supply test bed | |
| CN112485577B (en) | Low-voltage testing device for power electronic equipment | |
| CN212301809U (en) | Alternating current power supply test bed | |
| CN208781065U (en) | A kind of cargo compartment temperature controller test platform | |
| RU2670715C9 (en) | Stand for testing ac and dc motors | |
| CN103954869B (en) | Cable power frequency parameter testing device based on PXI system | |
| CN207675855U (en) | A kind of test system of frequency converter | |
| CN110579676A (en) | Automatic polarity detection device | |
| CN103792938A (en) | Complete machine inspection platform for controller of electric car | |
| CN216248910U (en) | Fault detection equipment for electric valve control system | |
| CN102944850A (en) | Power supply assembly debugging device of photodetection equipment | |
| CN204758790U (en) | Automatic fault diagnostic of mining ac motor | |
| CN106249082B (en) | Generating set control panel test device | |
| CN211505845U (en) | Automatic polarity detection device | |
| CN113466577A (en) | Universal test equipment for current transformer | |
| CN207232276U (en) | Universal breaker, air switch, overcurrent protective device high-current test frock | |
| CN109324592B (en) | Drilling machine electric control product testing system | |
| CN203773349U (en) | Whole machine test platform used for electric automobile controller | |
| CN105974238B (en) | Gasoline engine inverter automatic test approach and system | |
| CN210270010U (en) | Three-phase converter test bench |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |