CN110965385A - Preparation method of pore structure optimized paper-based friction material - Google Patents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
- D21H13/46—Non-siliceous fibres, e.g. from metal oxides
- D21H13/50—Carbon fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a pore structure optimized paper-based friction material, which comprises the steps of firstly, uniformly mixing and stirring fibers, a filler and water, adding the mixture into a paper sheet former to manufacture a paper-based friction material prefabricated body, and drying the paper-based friction material prefabricated body; and then soaking the prefabricated body into a binder solution formed by a surfactant, a thickening agent and a physical foaming agent, carrying out physical foaming, and carrying out hot-pressing curing treatment after foaming to obtain the paper-based friction material. The invention combines the physical foaming technology with the traditional preparation process of the paper-based friction material, effectively regulates and controls the pore structure of the paper-based friction material, increases the average pore diameter of the paper-based friction material, and influences the lubricating state of a friction interface so as to obviously improve the dynamic friction coefficient of the material. The porosity of the paper-based friction material is reduced, so that the wear rate of the material is reduced. The defects that the pore structure of the paper-based friction material is difficult to control, the friction coefficient is low and the wear rate is high in the conventional preparation technology are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction materials, and relates to a preparation method of a pore structure optimized paper-based friction material.
Background
The paper-based friction material is a composite material which is usually formed by a wet-forming papermaking method, takes reinforced fibers as a main raw material, manufactures raw paper of the paper-based friction material, and is formed by resin impregnation and hot-pressing curing, and is a brake friction material with excellent friction and wear performance, simple preparation process, strong performance designability and low cost. Due to the advantages of stable dynamic friction coefficient, stable operation performance, low wear rate, long service life, weak dual damage and the like, the paper-based friction material gradually replaces the traditional friction material and becomes a novel friction material which accords with the sustainable development concept.
The performance of the paper-based friction material not only depends on the performance and the proportion of the raw materials, but also is related to the material structure formed in the preparation process. When the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material is molded, pores of different sizes and shapes are formed inside the material due to the bridging and overlapping of the chopped fibers, the precipitation and volatilization of water molecule products during the resin curing reaction, and the like.
Research has shown that pore structure is an important factor affecting the performance of composite materials. On the one hand, the pore structure affects the lubrication state of the friction interface. The paper-based friction material works in an oil lubrication medium, and the characteristic of a porous structure enables the paper-based friction material to be capable of storing lubricating oil for lubrication and cooling, so that the lubricating oil is sucked or extruded through the elastoplastic change generated by the separation and the attachment of the clutch, a lubricating oil film exists between friction surfaces, and the oil film is kept relatively stable. The stable existence of the lubricating oil film can influence the instantaneous combination state and characteristics of a friction interface, and influence the dynamic and static friction coefficient and the stability of the friction coefficient. On the other hand, the pore structure affects the heat transfer efficiency of the friction material. The flowing of the lubricating oil in the pores and the friction surface of the material can take away a large amount of friction heat generated in the friction process from a friction system, reduce the friction heat accumulation of a friction pair, slow down the rising of the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface and the temperature of the friction material body, and prevent the paper-based friction material from changing the composition, the structure and the state of the friction material due to thermal decomposition to cause the rising of the wear rate.
Document 1, "chinese patent with patent publication No. CN107326721A," discloses a method for preparing a paper-based friction material with uniform pores. The method comprises the steps of mixing and ball-milling alumina, potash feldspar and the like, filling the obtained ball-milled powder into a mold, carrying out high-temperature melting and wire drawing to obtain mixed chopped fibers, mixing and dispersing isopropanol aluminum powder and a glacial acetic acid solution, adding silica sol, mixing with tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide and the like to obtain a modified mixed solution, adding the mixed chopped fibers into the modified mixed solution, mixing with bamboo fibers and water after dispersion and drying, placing on a paper forming device with a screen after defibering treatment, soaking in a phenolic resin ethanol solution after drying, taking out after soaking is finished, and carrying out vulcanization treatment to obtain the paper-based friction material with uniform pores. The paper-based friction material prepared by the method has the characteristics of high friction coefficient and good controllability of pore structure, but the preparation method is more complex.
Document 2, "chinese patent with patent publication No. CN 108978346A" discloses a method for preparing a foamed phenolic resin glue solution impregnated paper-based friction material. Mixing low-molecular-weight phenolic resin, polyimide resin, water, absolute ethyl alcohol, an emulsifier, a thickening agent, polyacrylamide, chromium salt and an auxiliary agent, stirring at a constant temperature for reaction, and continuously introducing carbon dioxide gas in the reaction process to prepare foamed phenolic resin glue solution; cutting the hand-made sheet of the paper-based friction material body paper, immersing the hand-made sheet in the foamed phenolic resin glue solution, and preserving heat for impregnation to obtain an impregnated hand-made sheet; and then, hot-pressing and molding the impregnated handsheet, and cooling to obtain the foamed phenolic resin glue solution impregnated paper-based friction material. The foamed phenolic resin glue solution impregnated paper-based friction material prepared by the method has the characteristics of excellent tensile strength and high porosity, but the method does not relate to the performance of friction and wear, and cannot evaluate whether the friction and wear performance of the paper-based friction material meets the requirements.
Document 3 "influence of porosity on friction and wear performance of carbon fiber reinforced paper-based friction material [ J ] inorganic material science, 2007,22(6): 1159-. The test result shows that with the increase of the porosity, the friction torque curve tends to be stable, the dynamic friction coefficient is increased, the static friction coefficient is reduced, but the wear rate is increased, and the synchronous improvement of the friction and wear performance cannot be realized.
It is because of the randomness in pore size and shape formation during the conventional preparation of paper-based friction materials that makes the pore structure of paper-based friction materials difficult to control. However, the prior art has fewer and single methods for changing the pore structure of the paper-based friction material, and some improved preparation methods are complicated. Therefore, an effective method is urgently needed to be developed to adjust and control the pore structure, so that the frictional wear performance of the paper-based friction material is improved, and the paper-based friction material has a higher friction coefficient and a lower wear rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects that the pore structure of the conventional friction material is not easy to control, the friction coefficient is low and the wear rate is high, the physical foaming technology is introduced in the preparation process to optimize the pore structure of the paper-based friction material, so that the friction and wear performance of the paper-based friction material are effectively improved.
Technical scheme
A preparation method of a pore structure optimized paper-based friction material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 8-12% of carbon fiber, 8-12% of aramid fiber, 12-16% of paper fiber, 25-45% of binder, 20-30% of filler, 1-8% of foaming agent, 1-3% of surfactant and 2-4% of thickener according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages is 100%;
step 2: mixing and stirring carbon fibers, aramid fibers, paper fibers and fillers with water uniformly, adding the mixture into a paper sheet former to make a paper-based friction material prefabricated body, and drying the prefabricated body;
and step 3: adding a surfactant, a thickening agent and a physical foaming agent into a binder in sequence, fully stirring to form a binder solution, immersing the paper-based friction material prefabricated body into the binder solution, and after soaking, placing the prefabricated body in a temperature atmosphere of 10-40 ℃ higher than the boiling point of the physical foaming agent to foam the binder;
and 4, step 4: after foaming, carrying out hot-pressing curing treatment to obtain a paper-based friction material; the temperature of the hot-pressing curing treatment is 150-.
The preparation process of the binder solution in the step 3 comprises the following steps: adding a surfactant and a thickening agent into the binder solution, electromagnetically stirring for 10-20min, adding a foaming agent, and electromagnetically stirring for 10-20min to obtain a uniformly mixed binder solution.
The proportion of the water added in the step 2 is that the solution can be added into a paper sheet former to manufacture the paper-based friction material prefabricated body wet paper.
Such binders include, but are not limited to: one or more of resin, modified resin, rubber, modified rubber or plastic.
The fillers include, but are not limited to: one or more of mineral powder, alumina, barium sulfate, chromite, fluorite powder, diatomite, graphite, montmorillonite or talcum powder.
Such blowing agents include, but are not limited to: any one of dichloromethane, petroleum ether, pentane or hexane.
The surfactants include, but are not limited to: emulsifier OP-10, Tween-80, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether or span-80.
Such thickeners include, but are not limited to: any one of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, chitosan or sodium alginate.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a preparation method of a pore structure optimized paper-based friction material, which comprises the steps of firstly mixing and stirring fibers, fillers and water uniformly, adding the mixture into a paper sheet former to make a paper-based friction material prefabricated body, and drying the paper-based friction material prefabricated body; and then soaking the prefabricated body into a binder solution formed by a surfactant, a thickening agent and a physical foaming agent, carrying out physical foaming, and carrying out hot-pressing curing treatment after foaming to obtain the paper-based friction material. The invention creates a new paper-based friction material preparation process by combining the physical foaming technology with the traditional preparation process of the paper-based friction material, and can overcome the defects of difficult control of the pore structure, low friction coefficient and high wear rate of the paper-based friction material in the traditional preparation technology. The introduction of the physical foaming technology can effectively regulate and control the pore structure of the paper-based friction material, on one hand, the average pore diameter of the paper-based friction material can be increased, and the increase of the average pore diameter can influence the lubricating state of a friction interface, so that the dynamic friction coefficient of the material is obviously improved. On the other hand, the porosity of the paper-based friction material is reduced, and the reduction of the porosity can enhance the bonding strength among the fibers, the resin and the filler, so that the wear rate of the material is reduced. Paper-based friction materials with different pore structures can be obtained by changing the adding amount of the foaming agent in the binder. Compared with the traditional paper-based friction material preparation process, the dynamic friction coefficient of the pore structure optimized paper-based friction material prepared by the method is improved by 20%, the wear rate is reduced by 44.6%, and the friction performance and the wear performance are improved together. In addition, the invention has simple process and low cost and is beneficial to industrial production.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the examples:
example 1:
the raw materials comprise: 4.2g of fiber reinforcement, which comprises 1.8g of paper fiber, 1.2g of carbon fiber and 1.2g of aramid fiber; 4.2g of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin particles; 3.3g of filler, which comprises 0.79g of chromite, 0.5g of mineral powder, 0.48g of alumina, 0.48g of barium sulfate, 0.45g of diatomite, 0.35g of fluorite powder and 0.25g of graphite.
The method comprises the following steps: and stirring the weighed mixed solution of the reinforcing fibers, the filler and the water in a defibrator at the rotating speed of 2000r/min for 10min to form uniformly dispersed mixed solution.
Step two: pouring the uniformly stirred mixed liquid into a paper sheet former for vacuum filtration to obtain the paper-based friction plate preform wet paper with the diameter of 200 mm.
Step three: and (3) drying the prepared prefabricated wet paper in an oven for 1h at the temperature of 70 ℃.
Step four: adding 1.6ml of Tween-80 and 2.1ml of polyacrylamide solution into the prepared cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin solution A, and electromagnetically stirring for 10min under the condition of 1000r/min to obtain solution B; then adding 1.3ml of dichloromethane into the uniformly stirred solution B, and then electromagnetically stirring for 10min under the condition of 1000r/min to obtain a uniformly mixed resin solution C.
Step five: and (3) immersing the dried paper-based friction plate preform into the uniformly mixed resin solution C.
Step six: after the impregnation, the pre-formed sheet was kept at 55 ℃ for 1 hour to foam the phenolic resin. After foaming is complete, the preformed sheet is dried at room temperature.
Step seven: and (3) carrying out hot-pressing curing on the preformed sheet for 10min under the conditions that the vulcanization temperature is 160 ℃ and the pressure is 5MPa to obtain the paper-based friction material with the thickness of 0.8 mm.
Example 2:
the raw materials comprise: 4.2g of fiber reinforcement, which comprises 1.8g of paper fiber, 1.2g of carbon fiber and 1.2g of aramid fiber; 4.2g of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin particles; 3.3g of filler, which comprises 0.79g of chromite, 0.5g of mineral powder, 0.48g of alumina, 0.48g of barium sulfate, 0.45g of diatomite, 0.35g of fluorite powder and 0.25g of graphite.
The method comprises the following steps: and stirring the weighed mixed solution of the reinforcing fibers, the filler and the water in a defibrator at the rotating speed of 2000r/min for 10min to form uniformly dispersed mixed solution.
Step two: pouring the uniformly stirred mixed liquid into a paper sheet former for vacuum filtration to obtain the paper-based friction plate preform wet paper with the diameter of 200 mm.
Step three: and (3) drying the prepared prefabricated wet paper in an oven for 1h at the temperature of 70 ℃.
Step four: adding 1.6ml of Tween-80 and 2.1ml of polyacrylamide solution into the prepared cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin solution A, and electromagnetically stirring for 10min under the condition of 1000r/min to obtain solution B; then 2.6ml of dichloromethane is added into the evenly stirred solution B, and then the mixture is electromagnetically stirred for 10min under the condition of 1000r/min to obtain a evenly mixed resin solution C.
Step five: and (3) immersing the dried paper-based friction plate preform into the uniformly mixed resin solution C.
Step six: after the impregnation, the pre-formed sheet was kept at 55 ℃ for 1 hour to foam the phenolic resin. After foaming is complete, the preformed sheet is dried at room temperature.
Step seven: and (3) carrying out hot-pressing curing on the preformed sheet for 10min under the conditions that the vulcanization temperature is 160 ℃ and the pressure is 5MPa to obtain the paper-based friction material with the thickness of 0.8 mm.
Example 3:
the raw materials comprise: 4.2g of fiber reinforcement, which comprises 1.8g of paper fiber, 1.2g of carbon fiber and 1.2g of aramid fiber; 4.2g of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin particles; 3.3g of filler, which comprises 0.79g of chromite, 0.5g of mineral powder, 0.48g of alumina, 0.48g of barium sulfate, 0.45g of diatomite, 0.35g of fluorite powder and 0.25g of graphite.
The method comprises the following steps: and stirring the weighed mixed solution of the reinforcing fibers, the filler and the water in a defibrator at the rotating speed of 2000r/min for 10min to form uniformly dispersed mixed solution.
Step two: pouring the uniformly stirred mixed liquid into a paper sheet former for vacuum filtration to obtain the paper-based friction plate preform wet paper with the diameter of 200 mm.
Step three: and (3) drying the prepared prefabricated wet paper in an oven for 1h at the temperature of 70 ℃.
Step four: adding 1.6ml of Tween-80 and 2.1ml of polyacrylamide solution into the prepared cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin solution A, and electromagnetically stirring for 10min under the condition of 1000r/min to obtain solution B; then 4.0ml of dichloromethane is added into the uniformly stirred solution B, and then the mixture is electromagnetically stirred for 10min under the condition of 1000r/min to obtain a uniformly mixed resin solution C.
Step five: and (3) immersing the dried paper-based friction plate preform into the uniformly mixed resin solution C.
Step six: after the impregnation, the pre-formed sheet was kept at 55 ℃ for 1 hour to foam the phenolic resin. After foaming is complete, the preformed sheet is dried at room temperature.
Step seven: and (3) carrying out hot-pressing curing on the preformed sheet for 10min under the conditions that the vulcanization temperature is 160 ℃ and the pressure is 5MPa to obtain the paper-based friction material with the thickness of 0.8 mm.
Example 4:
the raw materials comprise: 4.2g of fiber reinforcement, which comprises 1.8g of paper fiber, 1.2g of carbon fiber and 1.2g of aramid fiber; 4.2g of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin particles; 3.3g of filler, which comprises 0.79g of chromite, 0.5g of mineral powder, 0.48g of alumina, 0.48g of barium sulfate, 0.45g of diatomite, 0.35g of fluorite powder and 0.25g of graphite.
The method comprises the following steps: and stirring the weighed mixed solution of the reinforcing fibers, the filler and the water in a defibrator at the rotating speed of 2000r/min for 10min to form uniformly dispersed mixed solution.
Step two: pouring the uniformly stirred mixed liquid into a paper sheet former for vacuum filtration to obtain the paper-based friction plate preform wet paper with the diameter of 200 mm.
Step three: and (3) drying the prepared prefabricated wet paper in an oven for 1h at the temperature of 70 ℃.
Step four: adding 1.6ml of Tween-80 and 2.1ml of polyacrylamide solution into the prepared cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin solution A, and electromagnetically stirring for 10min under the condition of 1000r/min to obtain solution B; then 5.3ml of dichloromethane is added into the uniformly stirred solution B, and then the mixture is electromagnetically stirred for 10min under the condition of 1000r/min to obtain a uniformly mixed resin solution C.
Step five: and (3) immersing the dried paper-based friction plate preform into the uniformly mixed resin solution C.
Step six: after the impregnation, the pre-formed sheet was kept at 55 ℃ for 1 hour to foam the phenolic resin. After foaming is complete, the preformed sheet is dried at room temperature.
Step seven: and (3) carrying out hot-pressing curing on the preformed sheet for 10min under the conditions that the vulcanization temperature is 160 ℃ and the pressure is 5MPa to obtain the paper-based friction material with the thickness of 0.8 mm.
Comparative example: the paper-based friction material prepared by the traditional preparation method does not introduce a physical foaming technology in the preparation process.
The paper-based friction material samples prepared in examples 1 to 4 and the comparative sample are subjected to performance detection, and the specific detection contents and methods are as follows:
testing the pore structures of different samples by using a mercury porosimeter, wherein the pore structures comprise average pore diameter and porosity; testing the dynamic friction coefficient and the wear rate of different samples by using a QM1000-IIB type wet friction performance testing machine according to the standard GB/T13826-92
The results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 detection results of paper-based friction materials with different pore structures
As can be seen from the detection results in Table 1, the invention can effectively improve the average pore diameter of the paper-based friction material, which is beneficial to the increase of the dynamic friction coefficient, when the average pore diameter of the paper-based friction material is larger, the flow of lubricating oil in the interior and the surface of the material is easier in the braking process, the lubricating oil film is easier to thin, the contact probability between the microprotrusions is increased, and the meshing degree is increased, so that the increase of the friction torque under the mechanical action is overcome, and the dynamic friction coefficient is increased. In addition, the porosity shows a gradually reduced trend, the compactness of the paper-based friction material is improved due to the reduction of the porosity, the bonding strength among the fibers, the filler and the resin is higher, and the load stress can be effectively transferred to the fibers, so that the mechanical property is improved, the stress damage resistance is enhanced, and the wear resistance of the material is improved. In conclusion, the pore structure of the paper-based friction material can be effectively optimized, the average pore diameter can be obviously increased, the porosity can be obviously reduced, and the prepared pore structure-optimized paper-based friction material has the characteristics of high dynamic friction coefficient, low wear rate and good controllability of the pore structure, and has wide application prospect in the wet brake friction material industry.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a pore structure optimized paper-based friction material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 8-12% of carbon fiber, 8-12% of aramid fiber, 12-16% of paper fiber, 25-45% of binder, 20-30% of filler, 1-8% of foaming agent, 1-3% of surfactant and 2-4% of thickener according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages is 100%;
step 2: mixing and stirring carbon fibers, aramid fibers, paper fibers and fillers with water uniformly, adding the mixture into a paper sheet former to make a paper-based friction material prefabricated body, and drying the prefabricated body;
and step 3: adding a surfactant, a thickening agent and a physical foaming agent into a binder in sequence, fully stirring to form a binder solution, immersing the paper-based friction material prefabricated body into the binder solution, and after soaking, placing the prefabricated body in a temperature atmosphere of 10-40 ℃ higher than the boiling point of the physical foaming agent to foam the binder;
and 4, step 4: after foaming, carrying out hot-pressing curing treatment to obtain a paper-based friction material; the temperature of the hot-pressing curing treatment is 150-.
2. The method for preparing the pore structure optimized paper-based friction material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation process of the binder solution in the step 3 comprises the following steps: adding a surfactant and a thickening agent into the binder solution, electromagnetically stirring for 10-20min, adding a foaming agent, and electromagnetically stirring for 10-20min to obtain a uniformly mixed binder solution.
3. The method for preparing the pore structure optimized paper-based friction material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the proportion of the water added in the step 2 is that the solution can be added into a paper sheet former to manufacture the paper-based friction material prefabricated body wet paper.
4. The method for preparing the pore structure optimized paper-based friction material according to claim 1, characterized in that: such binders include, but are not limited to: one or more of resin, modified resin, rubber, modified rubber or plastic.
5. The method for preparing the pore structure optimized paper-based friction material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fillers include, but are not limited to: one or more of mineral powder, alumina, barium sulfate, chromite, fluorite powder, diatomite, graphite, montmorillonite or talcum powder.
6. The method for preparing the pore structure optimized paper-based friction material according to claim 1, characterized in that: such blowing agents include, but are not limited to: any one of dichloromethane, petroleum ether, pentane or hexane.
7. The method for preparing the pore structure optimized paper-based friction material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surfactants include, but are not limited to: emulsifier OP-10, Tween-80, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether or span-80.
8. The method for preparing the pore structure optimized paper-based friction material according to claim 1, characterized in that: such thickeners include, but are not limited to: any one of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, chitosan or sodium alginate.
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| CN112064401A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-11 | 西北工业大学 | Preparation method of high-porosity paper-based friction material |
| CN112359637A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-12 | 西北工业大学 | Preparation method of polyimide fiber reinforced paper-based friction material |
| CN112458789A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 西北工业大学 | Rubber resin double-matrix wet-type friction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114197250A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-18 | 华南理工大学 | Wet paper-based friction material based on foam molding and preparation method thereof |
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