CN110965081B - Copper-steel composite cathode steel bar and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
Copper-steel composite cathode steel bar and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110965081B CN110965081B CN201911329685.3A CN201911329685A CN110965081B CN 110965081 B CN110965081 B CN 110965081B CN 201911329685 A CN201911329685 A CN 201911329685A CN 110965081 B CN110965081 B CN 110965081B
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
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- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/04—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of shallow solid or hollow bodies, e.g. wheels or rings, in moulds rotating around their axis of symmetry
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cathode steel bars, in particular to a copper-steel composite cathode steel bar for electrolytic aluminum and a manufacturing process thereof. The method comprises the following steps: hot melting; casting; removing the mould; thermally deforming; and (6) rolling and processing. The copper-steel composite cathode steel bar plating layer manufactured by the process is not easy to damage, the manufacturing cost is low, intermetallic compounds can be formed on the copper-steel interface, and the connection strength is high. The invention also provides a copper-steel composite cathode steel bar which is manufactured by adopting the manufacturing process. The copper material layer is not easy to damage, the manufacturing cost is low, intermetallic compounds are formed on the copper steel interface, and the connection strength is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cathode steel bars, in particular to a copper-steel composite cathode steel bar for electrolytic aluminum and a manufacturing process thereof.
Background
The aluminum electrolysis cathode steel bar is an important conductive component of an aluminum electrolysis cathode, and the conductivity and the service life of the aluminum electrolysis cathode steel bar influence the cost of aluminum electrolysis production. At present, the domestic cathode steel bar for electrolyzing aluminum is mainly made of carbon steel Q195, and is placed at the bottom of an electrolytic cell during use, the upper part and the side surface of the cathode steel bar are both wrapped by a graphite cathode, and the upper surface of the graphite cathode material is refractory material, cathode aluminum liquid and electrolyte, so that the problems of two aspects can mainly occur in the long-term use process: the surrounding carbon and the cathode steel bar are subjected to carburization reaction, so that the conductivity of the cathode steel bar is influenced to a certain extent, the cathode voltage drop of the electrolytic cell is increased, and the power consumption is increased; sodium element in the electrolyte can erode the graphite cathode and the refractory material from top to bottom, so that aluminum liquid leaks, the cathode steel bar is seriously corroded, and the service life of the electrolytic cell is shortened.
Based on the above problems, the cathode steel bar for electrolytic aluminum is manufactured by copper-steel compounding, and has the following main advantages: (1) copper is a good conductive material, can maintain relatively stable electrical performance in a corrosive medium, and particularly can form copper oxide with relatively strong adhesion on the surface to reduce corrosion of alkali metal ions, so that a corresponding protection effect can be generated to block further corrosion of chemical substances; (2) copper does not have a carburizing reaction with carbon; (3) the copper-steel composite material has corrosion resistance similar to copper, the tensile strength is twice of that of a pure copper material under the same sectional area, and the copper-steel composite material has good welding performance and cannot influence the welding of the cathode steel bar; (4) meanwhile, the cathode steel bar is manufactured by adopting a copper-steel compounding process, so that the cost can be reduced.
The existing traditional manufacturing methods of copper-steel composite materials mainly comprise three methods: (1) electroplating copper on the surface of the steel by using an electroplating process: the main disadvantages are that the electroplating can generate pollution, the thickness of the electroplated layer is too low, and the electroplated layer is easy to damage in the cathode steel bar assembling process; (2) welding a copper material on the surface of a steel material: the main defects of the process are that the size of the cathode steel bar is large, full-section welding is not easy to realize, and the subsequent processing of the welding surface is needed after the welding is finished, so that the cost is high; (3) directly casting on the surface of steel: because the melting point of copper is lower than that of steel, intermetallic compounds of copper and iron are difficult to form on the copper-steel interface, the connection strength is lower, and the conductivity of the cathode steel bar is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manufacturing process of a copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, a coating of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar manufactured by the process is not easy to damage, the manufacturing cost is low, intermetallic compounds can be formed on a copper-steel interface, and the connection strength is high.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, which is not easily damaged by plating, has low manufacturing cost, and has high connection strength due to intermetallic compounds formed on the copper-steel interface.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a manufacturing process of a copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, which comprises the following steps:
hot melting: heating and melting copper materials and steel materials by using a vacuum melting furnace to obtain a mixed melt;
casting: adding the heated and melted mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment for centrifugal composite casting, and forming a double-layer annular casting in the casting mold, wherein the inner layer of the casting is a steel layer, and the outer layer of the casting is a copper layer;
demoulding: after the mixed melt in the casting mold forms a casting, taking the casting mold from centrifugal casting equipment, embedding the casting mold into a sand pile, slowly cooling to room temperature, and then taking the casting mold out of the casting mold after cooling to room temperature;
thermal deformation: cutting the taken casting along the radial direction of the casting, heating and deforming the cut casting, and processing the casting into a plate-shaped part with one copper-coated surface;
rolling and processing: and rolling the plate-shaped part coated with copper on one surface to obtain the finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar for electrolysis.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the steel material is Q195 steel material, and the weight ratio of the copper material to the steel material is 1: 10-30.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the hot melting process, steel is first added into a vacuum melting furnace to be heated and melted, and then copper is added into the vacuum melting furnace to be heated and melted.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the mixed melt is added to the mold of the centrifugal casting apparatus at a rate of 20 to 50kg/min during the casting.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the mold of the centrifugal casting apparatus is 0.5 to 0.8m, and the height of the mold of the centrifugal casting apparatus is: 0.18-0.35 m.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, during the casting process, the rotational speed of the centrifugal casting apparatus is 1500-.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the heating temperature is 500-950 ℃ during the thermal deformation process.
The invention provides a copper-steel composite cathode steel bar which is manufactured by adopting the manufacturing process of any one of claims 1 to 7.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the steel layer is 100-200mm, and the thickness of the copper layer is 2-4 mm.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the height of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is: 50-130mm, the width of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is as follows: 180 mm and 230mm, wherein the length of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is as follows: 2000 and 2100 mm.
The copper-steel composite cathode steel bar and the manufacturing process thereof have the following beneficial effects:
the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is manufactured by adopting the manufacturing process of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, the copper material and the steel material are heated and melted by using a vacuum smelting furnace, so that the copper material can be prevented from contacting air in the heating process, the copper material is prevented from being oxidized, and the performance of copper processed into the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is ensured; adding the heated and melted mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment for centrifugal composite casting, wherein the mixed melt in the casting mold forms a double-layer annular casting (as shown in figure 1) under the centrifugal action of the centrifugal casting equipment because the densities of copper materials and steel materials are different, the inner layer of the casting is a steel material layer, and the outer layer of the casting is a copper material layer; after a casting is formed by the mixed melt in the casting mold, taking the casting mold from centrifugal casting equipment, burying the casting mold in a sand pile, and slowly cooling the casting mold to room temperature, wherein the casting mold is buried in the sand pile and slowly cooled to effectively prevent the casting from cracking and improve the yield, and the casting mold containing the casting is taken out of the casting mold after being cooled; cutting the taken casting along the radial direction of the casting (as shown in figure 2), heating and deforming the cut casting, processing the casting into a plate-shaped part with one surface coated with copper, and contacting the copper layer upwards with a graphite cathode when in use, so that the corrosion of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar can be avoided, and the service life of the cathode steel bar is prolonged; and rolling the plate-shaped part coated with copper on one surface to obtain the finished product of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar. The manufacturing process can avoid pollution caused by electroplating, and meanwhile, the thickness of the copper layer can be adjusted by adjusting the dosage ratio of the steel material to the copper material, so that the phenomenon that the copper material layer is easily damaged in the cathode steel bar assembling process due to the fact that the thickness of the copper layer is too thin can be avoided; the manufacturing process is simple and low in cost; in addition, the manufacturing process can form intermetallic compounds between steel and copper, can increase the connection strength between the copper layer and the steel layer, and cannot influence the conductivity of the cathode steel bar.
The copper-steel composite cathode steel bar does not generate electroplating pollution during production, and the thickness of the copper layer can be adjusted by adjusting the dosage ratio of the steel material to the copper material, so that the copper layer is prevented from being easily damaged in the cathode steel bar assembly process due to too low thickness of the copper layer; the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is simple in manufacturing process and low in manufacturing cost; in addition, intermetallic compounds are formed between the steel and the copper of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, so that the connection strength between the copper layer and the steel layer can be increased, and the conductivity of the cathode steel bar can be ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of an annular casting according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the annular casting of the present invention, shown radially cut away;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar in the invention;
icon: 1-steel layer, 2-copper layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
The invention provides a manufacturing process of a copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, which comprises the following steps:
hot melting: heating and melting copper materials and steel materials by using a vacuum melting furnace to obtain a mixed melt;
casting: adding the heated and melted mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment for centrifugal composite casting, and forming a double-layer annular casting in the casting mold, wherein the inner layer of the casting is a steel layer 1, and the outer layer of the casting is a copper layer 2;
demoulding: after the mixed melt in the casting mold forms a casting, taking the casting mold from centrifugal casting equipment, embedding the casting mold into a sand pile, slowly cooling to room temperature, and then taking the casting mold out of the casting mold after cooling to room temperature;
thermal deformation: cutting the taken casting along the radial direction of the casting, heating and deforming the cut casting, and processing the casting into a plate-shaped part with one copper-coated surface;
rolling and processing: and rolling the plate-shaped part coated with copper on one surface to obtain the finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar for electrolysis.
The copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is manufactured by adopting the manufacturing process of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, the copper material and the steel material are heated and melted by using a vacuum smelting furnace, so that the copper material can be prevented from contacting air in the heating process, the copper material is prevented from being oxidized, and the performance of copper processed into the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is ensured; adding the heated and melted mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment for centrifugal composite casting, wherein the mixed melt in the casting mold forms a double-layer annular casting (as shown in figure 1) under the centrifugal action of the centrifugal casting equipment because the densities of copper and steel are different, the inner layer of the casting is a steel layer 1, and the outer layer of the casting is a copper layer 2; after a casting is formed by the mixed melt in the casting mold, taking the casting mold from centrifugal casting equipment, burying the casting mold in a sand pile, and slowly cooling the casting mold to room temperature, wherein the casting mold is buried in the sand pile and slowly cooled to effectively prevent the casting from cracking and improve the yield, and the casting mold containing the casting is taken out of the casting mold after being cooled; cutting the taken casting along the radial direction of the casting (as shown in figure 2), heating and deforming the cut casting, processing the casting into a plate-shaped part with one surface coated with copper, and contacting the copper layer 2 upwards with a graphite cathode when in use, so that the corrosion of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar can be avoided, and the service life of the cathode steel bar is prolonged; and rolling the plate-shaped part coated with copper on one surface to obtain the finished product of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar. The manufacturing process can avoid pollution caused by electroplating, and meanwhile, the thickness of the copper layer can be adjusted by adjusting the dosage ratio of the steel material to the copper material, so that the phenomenon that the copper material layer is easily damaged in the cathode steel bar assembling process due to the fact that the thickness of the copper layer is too thin can be avoided; the manufacturing process is simple and low in cost; in addition, the manufacturing process can form intermetallic compounds between steel and copper, can increase the connection strength between the copper layer 2 and the steel layer 1, and cannot influence the conductivity of the cathode steel bar.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the steel material is Q195 steel material, and the weight ratio of the copper material to the steel material is 1: 10-30. Q195 steel is selected to have good conductivity, low unit price and good strength; when the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is manufactured, the copper material and the steel material are mutually dissolved to form an intermetallic compound to a certain extent, the weight ratio of the copper material to the steel material is 1:10-30, the appropriate thickness of the steel material layer 1 and the copper material layer 2 can be ensured, the strength and the corrosion resistance of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar are ensured, and the conductivity of the cathode steel bar is ensured.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the hot melting process, steel is first added into a vacuum melting furnace to be heated and melted, and then copper is added into the vacuum melting furnace to be heated and melted. Because the melting point of the steel is far higher than that of the copper material, the steel is melted firstly, and then the copper material is added, so that the change of the properties of the copper material caused by the overlong high-temperature time of the copper material is avoided, and the quality of the finished product of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is ensured.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the mixed melt is added to the mold of the centrifugal casting apparatus at a rate of 20 to 50kg/min during the casting. The adding speed of the mixed melt can ensure the uniform molding between the steel layer 11 and the copper layer 22 of the finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, ensure the quality of the finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar and ensure the conductivity of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the mold of the centrifugal casting apparatus is 0.5 to 0.8m, and the height of the mold of the centrifugal casting apparatus is: 0.18-0.35 m. The casting processed by the casting mould of the centrifugal casting equipment is proper in size and convenient for subsequent processing.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, during the casting process, the rotational speed of the centrifugal casting apparatus is 1500-. The rotating speed and the casting time can ensure that the finished product of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar has uniform molding between the steel material layer 1 and the copper material layer 2, ensure the quality of the finished product of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar and ensure the conductivity of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the heating temperature of the cut end is 500-950 ℃ in the end copper coating process. The copper material at the end part of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar can be melted at the temperature, but the steel material at the end part of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar cannot be melted, so that the copper material can cover the steel material at the end part of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar.
The invention provides a copper-steel composite cathode steel bar which is manufactured by adopting the manufacturing process. The copper-steel composite cathode steel bar does not generate electroplating pollution during production, and the thickness of the copper layer can be adjusted by adjusting the dosage ratio of the steel material to the copper material, so that the copper layer is prevented from being easily damaged in the cathode steel bar assembly process due to too low thickness of the copper layer; the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is simple in manufacturing process and low in manufacturing cost; in addition, intermetallic compounds are formed between the steel and the copper of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, so that the connection strength between the copper layer 2 and the steel layer 1 can be increased, and the conductivity of the cathode steel bar can be ensured.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the steel layer 1 is 100-200mm, and the thickness of the copper layer 2 is 2-4 mm. The thickness of the steel material layer 1 is appropriate to that of the copper material layer 2, so that the service life of the cathode steel bar can be prolonged, and the conductivity of the cathode steel bar can be ensured.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the height of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is: 50-130mm, the width of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is as follows: 180 mm and 230mm, wherein the length of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is as follows: 2000 and 2100 mm. The finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar product with the size is convenient to use
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
Hot melting: adding 200kg of copper material into a vacuum smelting furnace for heating and melting, and then adding 18kg of steel material for heating and melting to obtain a mixed melt;
casting: adding the heated and melted mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment for centrifugal composite casting, wherein the diameter of the casting mold is 0.74m, the height of the casting mold is 0.3m, the rotating speed of the centrifugal casting equipment is 1800r/min, the casting time is 15min, a double-layer annular casting is formed in the casting mold, the inner layer of the casting is a steel layer 1, and the outer layer of the casting is a copper material layer 2;
demoulding: after the mixed melt in the casting mold forms a casting with an inner layer and an outer layer, taking the casting mold from centrifugal casting equipment, embedding the casting mold in a sand pile, slowly cooling to room temperature, and taking the casting mold out of the casting mold after cooling to the room temperature;
thermal deformation: cutting the taken casting along the radial direction of the casting, heating and deforming the cut casting at 650 ℃, and processing the casting into a plate-shaped part with one copper-coated surface, wherein the size of the plate-shaped part is 75 × 220 × 2300mm, and the thickness of the copper material layer 2 is 3.2 mm;
rolling and processing: and rolling the plate-shaped part coated with copper on one surface to obtain a finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, wherein the size of the finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is 60 x 195 x 2050mm, and the thickness of the copper material layer 2 is 2 mm.
Example 2
Hot melting: adding 440kg of copper material into a vacuum smelting furnace for heating and melting, and then adding 25kg of steel material for heating and melting to obtain a mixed melt;
casting: adding the heated and melted mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment for centrifugal composite casting, wherein the diameter of the casting mold is 0.8m, the height of the casting mold is 0.3m, the rotating speed of the centrifugal casting equipment is 2000r/min, the casting time is 20min, a double-layer annular casting is formed in the casting mold, the inner layer of the casting is a steel layer 1, and the outer layer of the casting is a copper material layer 2;
demoulding: after the mixed melt in the casting mold forms a casting, taking the casting mold from centrifugal casting equipment, embedding the casting mold into a sand pile, slowly cooling to room temperature, and taking the casting mold out of the casting mold after cooling to room temperature;
thermal deformation: cutting the taken casting along the radial direction of the casting, heating and deforming the cut casting at 800 ℃, and processing the casting into a plate-shaped part with one copper-coated surface, wherein the size of the plate-shaped part is 140 × 250 × 2300mm, and the thickness of the copper material layer 2 is 4 mm;
rolling and processing: and rolling the plate-shaped part coated with copper on one surface to obtain a finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar for electrolysis, wherein the size of the finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is 120 × 210 × 2050mm, and the thickness of the copper material layer 2 is 3 mm.
Example 3
Hot melting: adding 250kg of copper material into a vacuum smelting furnace for heating and melting, and then adding 20kg of steel material for heating and melting to obtain a mixed melt;
casting: adding the heated and melted mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment for centrifugal composite casting, wherein the diameter of the casting mold is 0.6m, the height of the casting mold is 0.35m, the rotating speed of the centrifugal casting equipment is 2500r/min, the casting time is 25min, a double-layer annular casting is formed in the casting mold, the inner layer of the casting is a steel layer 1, and the outer layer of the casting is a copper layer 2;
demoulding: after the mixed melt in the casting mold forms a casting, taking the casting mold from centrifugal casting equipment, embedding the casting mold into a sand pile, slowly cooling to room temperature, and taking the casting mold out of the casting mold after cooling to room temperature;
thermal deformation: cutting the taken casting along the radial direction of the casting, heating and deforming the cut casting at 950 ℃, and processing the casting into a plate-shaped part with one copper-coated surface, wherein the size of the plate-shaped part is 90-260-2000 mm, and the thickness of the copper material layer 2 is 3.5 mm;
rolling and processing: and rolling the plate-shaped part coated with copper on one surface, and electrolyzing to obtain the finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar product with the size of 80 x 200 x 2000mm and the thickness of the copper material layer 2 of 2.8 mm.
Example 4
Hot melting: adding 600kg of copper material into a vacuum smelting furnace for heating and melting, and then adding 30kg of steel material for heating and melting to obtain a mixed melt;
casting: adding the heated and melted mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment for centrifugal composite casting, wherein the diameter of the casting mold is 0.76m, the height of the casting mold is 0.32m, the rotating speed of the centrifugal casting equipment is 2000r/min, the casting time is 25min, a double-layer annular casting is formed in the casting mold, the inner layer of the casting is a steel layer 1, and the outer layer of the casting is a copper material layer 2;
demoulding: after the mixed melt in the casting mold forms a casting, taking the casting mold from centrifugal casting equipment, embedding the casting mold into a sand pile, slowly cooling to room temperature, and taking the casting mold out of the casting mold after cooling to room temperature;
thermal deformation: cutting the taken casting along the radial direction of the casting, heating and deforming the cut casting at 500 ℃, and processing the casting into a plate-shaped part with one copper-coated surface, wherein the size of the plate-shaped part is 150 x 260 x 2300mm, and the thickness of the copper material layer 2 is 2.2 mm;
rolling and processing: and rolling the plate-shaped part coated with copper on one surface, and electrolyzing to obtain the finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar product with the size of 13 × 250 × 2100mm and the thickness of the copper material layer 2 of 2 mm.
In summary, the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar and the manufacturing process thereof have the following beneficial effects:
the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is manufactured by adopting the manufacturing process of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, the copper material and the steel material are heated and melted by using a vacuum smelting furnace, so that the copper material can be prevented from contacting air in the heating process, the copper material is prevented from being oxidized, and the performance of copper processed into the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is ensured; adding the heated and melted mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment for centrifugal composite casting, wherein the mixed melt in the casting mold forms a double-layer annular casting (as shown in figure 1) under the centrifugal action of the centrifugal casting equipment because the densities of copper and steel are different, the inner layer of the casting is a steel layer 1, and the outer layer of the casting is a copper layer 2; after a casting is formed by the mixed melt in the casting mold, taking the casting mold from centrifugal casting equipment, burying the casting mold in a sand pile, and slowly cooling the casting mold to room temperature, wherein the casting mold is buried in the sand pile and slowly cooled to effectively prevent the casting from cracking and improve the yield, and the casting mold containing the casting is taken out of the casting mold after being cooled; cutting the taken casting along the radial direction of the casting (as shown in figure 2), heating and deforming the cut casting, processing the casting into a plate-shaped part with one surface coated with copper, and contacting the copper layer 2 upwards with a graphite cathode when in use, so that the corrosion of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar can be avoided, and the service life of the cathode steel bar is prolonged; and rolling the plate-shaped part coated with copper on one surface to obtain the finished product of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar. The manufacturing process can avoid pollution caused by electroplating, and meanwhile, the thickness of the copper layer can be adjusted by adjusting the dosage ratio of the steel material to the copper material, so that the phenomenon that the copper material layer is easily damaged in the cathode steel bar assembling process due to the fact that the thickness of the copper layer is too thin can be avoided; the manufacturing process is simple and low in cost; in addition, the manufacturing process can form intermetallic compounds between steel and copper, can increase the connection strength between the copper layer 2 and the steel layer 1, and cannot influence the conductivity of the cathode steel bar.
The copper-steel composite cathode steel bar manufactured by the manufacturing process has the advantages that electroplating pollution cannot be caused during production, and the thickness of a copper layer can be adjusted by adjusting the dosage ratio of steel and copper, so that the copper layer is prevented from being damaged easily in the cathode steel bar assembly process due to the fact that the thickness of the copper layer is too low; the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is simple in manufacturing process and low in manufacturing cost; in addition, intermetallic compounds are formed between the steel and the copper of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar, so that the connection strength between the copper layer 2 and the steel layer 1 can be increased, and the conductivity of the cathode steel bar can be ensured.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A manufacturing process of a copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
hot melting: heating and melting copper materials and steel materials by using a vacuum melting furnace to obtain a mixed melt;
casting: adding the heated and melted mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment for centrifugal composite casting, and forming a double-layer annular casting in the casting mold, wherein the inner layer of the casting is a steel layer, and the outer layer of the casting is a copper layer;
demoulding: after the mixed melt in the casting mold forms a casting, taking the casting mold from centrifugal casting equipment, embedding the casting mold into a sand pile, slowly cooling to room temperature, and then taking the casting mold out of the casting mold after cooling to room temperature;
thermal deformation: cutting the taken casting along the radial direction of the casting, heating and deforming the cut casting, and processing the casting into a plate-shaped part with one copper-coated surface;
rolling and processing: rolling and processing a plate-shaped part coated with copper on one surface to obtain a finished copper-steel composite cathode steel bar for electrolysis;
q195 steel is selected as the steel, and the weight ratio of the copper material to the steel is 1: 10-30.
2. The manufacturing process of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the hot melting process, steel is added into a vacuum smelting furnace for heating and melting, and then copper is added into the vacuum smelting furnace for heating and melting.
3. The manufacturing process of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the casting process, the adding speed of the mixed melt into a casting mold of centrifugal casting equipment is 20-50 kg/min.
4. The manufacturing process of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the diameter of the casting mould of the centrifugal casting equipment is 0.5-0.8m, and the height of the casting mould of the centrifugal casting equipment is as follows: 0.18-0.35 m.
5. The manufacturing process of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the casting process, the rotating speed of the centrifugal casting equipment is 1500-2500r/min, and the casting time is 5-30 min.
6. The manufacturing process of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the thermal deformation process, the heating temperature is 500-950 ℃.
7. The copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is characterized in that: manufactured by the manufacturing process of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The copper-steel composite cathode steel bar according to claim 7, wherein: the thickness of the steel material layer is 100-200mm, and the thickness of the copper material layer is 2-4 mm.
9. The copper-steel composite cathode steel bar according to claim 8, wherein: the height of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is as follows: 50-130mm, the width of the copper steel composite cathode steel bar is as follows: 180 mm and 230mm, wherein the length of the copper-steel composite cathode steel bar is as follows: 2000 and 2100 mm.
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