CN110963060A - Cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine drive - Google Patents
Cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine drive Download PDFInfo
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- CN110963060A CN110963060A CN201911180022.XA CN201911180022A CN110963060A CN 110963060 A CN110963060 A CN 110963060A CN 201911180022 A CN201911180022 A CN 201911180022A CN 110963060 A CN110963060 A CN 110963060A
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- flow sensor
- heat exchanger
- control valve
- electric control
- pipeline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D37/00—Arrangements in connection with fuel supply for power plant
- B64D37/32—Safety measures not otherwise provided for, e.g. preventing explosive conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
- B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
- B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
- B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
- B64D2013/0681—Environmental Control Systems with oxygen control
Abstract
The invention discloses a cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine driving, which comprises a temperature sensor, a first electric control valve, a first heat exchanger, a water separator, a Venturi pressure stabilizer, a pressure sensor, a first flow sensor, an aerodynamic turbine, a second electric control valve, a hollow fiber membrane separator, a centrifugal compressor, a second flow sensor, a second heat exchanger, a third flow sensor and a controller. The invention applies a centrifugal compressor driven by an aerodynamic turbine to recycle and utilize the oxygen-enriched gas of the hollow fiber membrane separator. The oxygen content of the cabin is improved, the pressure height of the cabin is convenient to increase, and the requirement on the structural strength of the cabin is effectively reduced; the air bleed quantity of the engine compressor is reduced, and the compensation loss of the airplane is reduced; the system has no motor drive, and the manufacture is feasible; the air power turbine has the characteristics of high rotating speed, small volume and large flow, and meets the technical requirements of cabin pressurization and oxygen supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aviation systems, in particular to a cabin pressurization and oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine driving.
Background
In the whole flying process of the aircraft, passengers are influenced by various environmental factors, wherein the influence of oxygen deficiency on the physiological activities of human bodies is the strongest, so that the pressurization and oxygen supply of the aircraft cabin are realized, and the vital importance is brought to the life safety of the passengers. When the airplane flies at high altitude, corresponding measures must be taken to ensure that the oxygen concentration level of the passenger cabin is not lower than the oxygen concentration level corresponding to the altitude of 2400 m, and the reasons are as follows: 2400 m is the maximum height for long flights without excessive fatigue due to mild hypoxia. For this reason, the cabin structure is subjected to a great pressure difference, which increases the strength requirements and the weight of the cabin structure, resulting in a great loss of bleed air and fuel compensation of the engine.
Because the determination of the pressure system of the aircraft cabin is closely related to the oxygen concentration level of the cabin, if the oxygen concentration of the aircraft cabin can be effectively improved, the pressure altitude of the aircraft cabin can be properly improved while the normal living and working levels of passengers and flight crew are ensured. The increase of the cabin pressure height will reduce the risk of explosion decompression caused by the damage of the aircraft structure and effectively reduce the technical requirements on the cabin structural strength, thereby reducing the overall weight of the aircraft and reducing the fuel compensation loss. Meanwhile, the increase of the cabin pressure height also means the reduction of the bleed air quantity of the compressor of the engine, which can greatly improve the overall performance of the airplane.
At present, the inerting protection of aircraft fuel tanks by adopting a hollow fiber membrane onboard nitrogen production technology is accepted and adopted by various types of aircraft in various countries around the world, wherein oxygen-enriched gas prepared by the hollow fiber membrane is often discharged outside as waste gas. The invention adopts the oxygen-enriched gas prepared by the hollow fiber membrane as a pressurizing oxygen supply source, and uses the centrifugal compressor driven by the aerodynamic turbine to recycle and utilize the oxygen-enriched gas, thereby effectively improving the oxygen concentration level of the cabin, reducing the air-bleed quantity of the engine compressor, reducing the structural weight of the cabin and further improving the safety and the comfort of the aircraft cabin.
The system is free of motor drive, so that the system is feasible to manufacture, and meanwhile, the air power turbine has the characteristics of high rotating speed, small volume, large flow, convenience in manufacturing and the like, and is more in line with the technical requirements of cabin pressurization and oxygen supply compared with other pressurization modes. The centrifugal compressor driven by the aerodynamic turbine is adopted to recover and utilize the oxygen-enriched gas, and the pressure of the oxygen-enriched gas outlet of the hollow fiber membrane can be reduced to a certain extent, so that the separation efficiency of the hollow fiber membrane is improved. Therefore, the overall performance of the airplane can be improved in multiple aspects by adopting the cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on the aerodynamic turbine driving, and certain technical innovation is needed for developing the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine driving aiming at the defects involved in the background technology.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine driving comprises a temperature sensor, a first electric control valve, a first heat exchanger, a water separator, a Venturi pressure stabilizer, a pressure sensor, a first flow sensor, an aerodynamic turbine, a second electric control valve, a hollow fiber membrane separator, a centrifugal compressor, a second flow sensor, a second heat exchanger, a third flow sensor and a controller;
the hollow fiber membrane separator comprises an air inlet, an oxygen-enriched gas outlet and a nitrogen-enriched gas outlet, and is used for separating the cooled and cleaned engine bleed air into oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen-enriched gas which are then respectively output through the oxygen-enriched gas outlet and the nitrogen-enriched gas outlet;
one ends of a bleed air outlet, a temperature sensor, a first electric control valve, a hot side channel of a first heat exchanger, a water separator, a Venturi pressure stabilizer, a pressure sensor and a first flow sensor of the aircraft engine are sequentially connected through a pipeline;
the inlet of the first heat exchanger cold edge channel is connected with outside ram air through a pipeline, and the outlet of the first heat exchanger cold edge channel discharges the gas passing through the first heat exchanger cold edge channel to the outside of the machine through the pipeline;
the other end of the first flow sensor is respectively connected with one end of the second electric control valve and the inlet of the aerodynamic turbine through pipelines;
the other end of the second electric control valve is connected with an air inlet pipeline of the hollow fiber membrane separator;
a nitrogen-rich gas outlet of the hollow fiber membrane separator is connected with one end of the second flow sensor through a pipeline; the other end of the second flow sensor is connected with a fuel tank inerting pipeline of the airplane and is used for introducing the nitrogen-rich gas into the fuel tank to perform inerting protection on the fuel tank;
the output shaft of the aerodynamic turbine is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the centrifugal compressor, the outlet of the aerodynamic turbine is connected with the inlet pipeline of the cold edge channel of the second heat exchanger, and the aerodynamic turbine is used for driving the centrifugal compressor to work by utilizing air passing through the aerodynamic turbine as power;
the outlet of the cold side channel of the second heat exchanger discharges the gas passing through the cold side channel of the second heat exchanger to the outside of the machine through a pipeline;
an oxygen-enriched gas outlet of the hollow fiber membrane separator, the centrifugal compressor, a hot edge channel of the second heat exchanger and one end of the third flow sensor are sequentially connected through a pipeline;
the other end of the third flow sensor is connected with a cabin of the airplane through a pipeline;
the controller is respectively electrically connected with the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the first flow sensor, the second flow sensor, the third flow sensor, the first electric control valve and the second electric control valve and is used for acquiring the sensing information of the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the first flow sensor, the second flow sensor and the third flow sensor and controlling the first electric control valve and the second electric control valve to work.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
the invention applies a centrifugal compressor driven by an aerodynamic turbine to recycle and utilize the oxygen-enriched gas of the hollow fiber membrane separator. The oxygen content of the cabin is improved, the pressure height of the cabin is convenient to increase, and the requirement on the structural strength of the cabin is effectively reduced; the air-bleed quantity of the engine compressor is reduced, and the compensation loss of the airplane is reduced; the system has no motor drive, and the manufacture is feasible; the air power turbine has the characteristics of high rotating speed, small volume and large flow, and meets the technical requirements of cabin pressurization and oxygen supply.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine driving.
In the figure, 1-temperature sensor, 2-first electric control valve, 3-first heat exchanger, 4-water separator, 5-Venturi stabilizer, 6-pressure sensor, 7-first flow sensor, 8-aerodynamic turbine, 9-second electric control valve, 10-hollow fiber membrane separator, 11-centrifugal compressor, 12-second flow sensor, 13-fuel tank, 14-second heat exchanger, 15-third flow sensor, 16-cabin and 17-controller.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, components are exaggerated for clarity.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention discloses a cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine drive, which comprises a temperature sensor, a first electric control valve, a first heat exchanger, a water separator, a Venturi pressure stabilizer, a pressure sensor, a first flow sensor, an aerodynamic turbine, a second electric control valve, a hollow fiber membrane separator, a centrifugal compressor, a second flow sensor, a second heat exchanger, a third flow sensor and a controller, wherein the first electric control valve is connected with the first heat exchanger;
the hollow fiber membrane separator comprises an air inlet, an oxygen-enriched gas outlet and a nitrogen-enriched gas outlet, and is used for separating the cooled and cleaned engine bleed air into oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen-enriched gas which are then respectively output through the oxygen-enriched gas outlet and the nitrogen-enriched gas outlet;
one ends of a bleed air outlet, a temperature sensor, a first electric control valve, a hot side channel of a first heat exchanger, a water separator, a Venturi pressure stabilizer, a pressure sensor and a first flow sensor of the aircraft engine are sequentially connected through a pipeline;
the inlet of the first heat exchanger cold edge channel is connected with outside ram air through a pipeline, and the outlet of the first heat exchanger cold edge channel discharges the gas passing through the first heat exchanger cold edge channel to the outside of the machine through the pipeline;
the other end of the first flow sensor is respectively connected with one end of the second electric control valve and the inlet of the aerodynamic turbine through pipelines;
the other end of the second electric control valve is connected with an air inlet pipeline of the hollow fiber membrane separator;
a nitrogen-rich gas outlet of the hollow fiber membrane separator is connected with one end of the second flow sensor through a pipeline; the other end of the second flow sensor is connected with a fuel tank inerting pipeline of the airplane and is used for introducing the nitrogen-rich gas into the fuel tank to perform inerting protection on the fuel tank;
the output shaft of the aerodynamic turbine is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the centrifugal compressor, the outlet of the aerodynamic turbine is connected with the inlet pipeline of the cold edge channel of the second heat exchanger, and the aerodynamic turbine is used for driving the centrifugal compressor to work by utilizing air passing through the aerodynamic turbine as power;
the outlet of the cold side channel of the second heat exchanger discharges the gas passing through the cold side channel of the second heat exchanger to the outside of the machine through a pipeline;
an oxygen-enriched gas outlet of the hollow fiber membrane separator, the centrifugal compressor, a hot edge channel of the second heat exchanger and one end of the third flow sensor are sequentially connected through a pipeline;
the other end of the third flow sensor is connected with a cabin of the airplane through a pipeline;
the controller is respectively electrically connected with the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the first flow sensor, the second flow sensor, the third flow sensor, the first electric control valve and the second electric control valve and is used for acquiring the sensing information of the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the first flow sensor, the second flow sensor and the third flow sensor and controlling the first electric control valve and the second electric control valve to work.
The working process of the supercharging oxygen supply system based on the air power turbine drive is as follows:
an air separation process: after flowing through the temperature sensor and the first electric control valve, bleed air from an engine compressor is cooled by ram air in the first heat exchanger, the cooled bleed air flows through the water separator to remove condensed water, and the bleed air flow after water removal is stabilized and stabilized in pressure and flow in the Venturi stabilizer, so that the bleed air meets the inlet conditions of the hollow fiber membrane separator and the air power turbine. The steady flow gas is divided into two streams after passing through the pressure sensor and the first flow sensor. One gas is used as the working gas flow of the aerodynamic turbine, the other gas is subjected to air separation through the hollow fiber membrane separator after passing through the second electric control valve, and the obtained nitrogen-rich gas passes through the second flow sensor and then is introduced into the fuel tank to perform inerting protection on the fuel tank.
And (3) a pressurizing and oxygen supplying process: the oxygen-enriched gas obtained in the hollow fiber membrane separator is compressed to a suitable pressure in the centrifugal compressor. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas at the outlet of the compressor is cooled by the exhaust gas of the aerodynamic turbine in the second heat exchanger, and the oxygen-enriched gas meeting the requirements of human bodies flows into the cabin after passing through the third flow sensor for the breathing of the crew.
The data acquisition and control process comprises the following steps:
the temperature sensor detects a temperature of engine bleed air and transmits a signal to the controller; when the temperature is higher than the given value, the controller outputs a control signal to the first electric control valve to close the first electric control valve. The pressure sensor, the first flow sensor, the second flow sensor and the third flow sensor detect the pressure and the flow of the gas and transmit signals to the controller to analyze and judge the working condition of the system. The controller adjusts the air entraining flow of the engine air compressor by controlling the opening of the first electric control valve so as to control the rotating speed of the air power turbine and ensure that the air supply pressure is not influenced by the working condition of the engine. The controller adjusts the amount of the nitrogen-rich gas and the oxygen-rich gas produced by the hollow fiber membrane separator by controlling the opening of the second electric control valve.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine driving is characterized by comprising a temperature sensor, a first electric control valve, a first heat exchanger, a water separator, a Venturi pressure stabilizer, a pressure sensor, a first flow sensor, an aerodynamic turbine, a second electric control valve, a hollow fiber membrane separator, a centrifugal compressor, a second flow sensor, a second heat exchanger, a third flow sensor and a controller;
the hollow fiber membrane separator comprises an air inlet, an oxygen-enriched gas outlet and a nitrogen-enriched gas outlet, and is used for separating the cooled and cleaned engine bleed air into oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen-enriched gas which are then respectively output through the oxygen-enriched gas outlet and the nitrogen-enriched gas outlet;
one ends of a bleed air outlet, a temperature sensor, a first electric control valve, a hot side channel of a first heat exchanger, a water separator, a Venturi pressure stabilizer, a pressure sensor and a first flow sensor of the aircraft engine are sequentially connected through a pipeline;
the inlet of the first heat exchanger cold edge channel is connected with outside ram air through a pipeline, and the outlet of the first heat exchanger cold edge channel discharges the gas passing through the first heat exchanger cold edge channel to the outside of the machine through the pipeline;
the other end of the first flow sensor is respectively connected with one end of the second electric control valve and the inlet of the aerodynamic turbine through pipelines;
the other end of the second electric control valve is connected with an air inlet pipeline of the hollow fiber membrane separator;
a nitrogen-rich gas outlet of the hollow fiber membrane separator is connected with one end of the second flow sensor through a pipeline; the other end of the second flow sensor is connected with a fuel tank inerting pipeline of the airplane and is used for introducing the nitrogen-rich gas into the fuel tank to perform inerting protection on the fuel tank;
the output shaft of the aerodynamic turbine is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the centrifugal compressor, the outlet of the aerodynamic turbine is connected with the inlet pipeline of the cold edge channel of the second heat exchanger, and the aerodynamic turbine is used for driving the centrifugal compressor to work by utilizing air passing through the aerodynamic turbine as power;
the outlet of the cold side channel of the second heat exchanger discharges the gas passing through the cold side channel of the second heat exchanger to the outside of the machine through a pipeline;
an oxygen-enriched gas outlet of the hollow fiber membrane separator, the centrifugal compressor, a hot edge channel of the second heat exchanger and one end of the third flow sensor are sequentially connected through a pipeline;
the other end of the third flow sensor is connected with a cabin of the airplane through a pipeline;
the controller is respectively electrically connected with the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the first flow sensor, the second flow sensor, the third flow sensor, the first electric control valve and the second electric control valve and is used for acquiring the sensing information of the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the first flow sensor, the second flow sensor and the third flow sensor and controlling the first electric control valve and the second electric control valve to work.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911180022.XA CN110963060A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | Cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine drive |
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| CN201911180022.XA CN110963060A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | Cabin pressurization oxygen supply system based on aerodynamic turbine drive |
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| CN110963060A true CN110963060A (en) | 2020-04-07 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112918682A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-08 | 南京航空航天大学 | Four-wheel high-pressure water removal environment control system based on different cabin pressures and working method |
| CN112960125A (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2021-06-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Aircraft cabin environmental control and onboard nitrogen generation coupling system |
-
2019
- 2019-11-27 CN CN201911180022.XA patent/CN110963060A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112918682A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-08 | 南京航空航天大学 | Four-wheel high-pressure water removal environment control system based on different cabin pressures and working method |
| CN112918682B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-03-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Four-wheel high-pressure water removal environment control system based on different cabin pressures and working method |
| CN112960125A (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2021-06-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Aircraft cabin environmental control and onboard nitrogen generation coupling system |
| CN112960125B (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2023-06-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | Aircraft cabin environment control and airborne nitrogen production coupling system |
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