CN110961240A - Physical separation and quality improvement method for oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste - Google Patents
Physical separation and quality improvement method for oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN110961240A CN110961240A CN201911081291.0A CN201911081291A CN110961240A CN 110961240 A CN110961240 A CN 110961240A CN 201911081291 A CN201911081291 A CN 201911081291A CN 110961240 A CN110961240 A CN 110961240A
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- cylinder sleeve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a physical separation and quality improvement method for oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste, which comprises the steps of cleaning the cylinder sleeve honing waste by adopting an organic solvent, firstly reselecting, and then magnetically separating under the synergistic action of an ultrasonic field and a magnetic field to obtain magnetic separation concentrate, namely an iron alloy powder product with low impurity content. The method has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency and low cost, and can directly obtain the ferroalloy powder with high added value; the method is particularly suitable for quality improvement of the cylinder sleeve honing waste with high oil stain content and wide particle size distribution range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a physical separation and quality improvement method for oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste, in particular to a method for obtaining magnetic separation alloy powder by physically separating and quality improving the honing waste through cooperation of gravity separation, an ultrasonic field and a magnetic field, and belongs to the technical field of pretreatment of solid waste resources.
Background
The cylinder sleeve is a cavity for placing a piston on a cylinder body of the internal combustion engine and is a track for the piston to move, and fuel gas is combusted and expanded in the cavity to ensure that the engine keeps normal operation. In order to maintain the tightness of the contact between the cylinder and the piston and reduce the friction loss of the piston moving in the cylinder, the inner wall of the cylinder should have high machining precision and precise shape and size.
Since the cylinder block material is required to have sufficient strength, good castability and machinability, and a low price, the commonly used cylinder block material is an iron-carbon alloy having a carbon content of 2% or more, such as pearlite gray cast iron, alloy cast iron, high-phosphorus cast iron, and boron-containing cast iron. The carbon content of the industrial cast iron is generally 2.5 to 3.5 percent. Carbon is present in the cast iron in the form of graphite in many cases, and also in the form of cementite. Besides carbon, the cast iron also contains 1-3% of silicon and elements of manganese, phosphorus, sulfur and the like. The alloy cast iron also contains nickel, chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, copper, boron, vanadium and other elements. Because the inner wall of the cylinder needs higher processing precision, the inner wall of the cylinder is finely processed by honing a workpiece by using a honing head with the help of a honing machine. The honing head embedded with the oilstone is driven by a vertically arranged main shaft to rotate and simultaneously performs vertical reciprocating feeding motion under the driving of a hydraulic device. The main component of the honing oilstone is abrasive grains, and the main components of the honing oilstone are alumina, silicon carbide, diamond and cubic boron nitride. After a long time of work, a large amount of cylinder liner honing waste can be generated due to the abrasion of the honing head and the abrasive dust on the inner wall of the cylinder liner. The cylinder liner honing waste is characterized in that: the alloy state substance has multiple valuable metal component types, high component content (rich in valuable metals such as iron, copper, molybdenum and the like) and strong magnetism; the oil stain content is high, and the impurity particles and the alloy particles are wrapped by the oil stain layer by layer and are difficult to dissociate and separate in a sorting system; the honing device has the advantages of fine granularity and wide distribution range, and impurities and alloy fine particles are easy to be mixed in the separation process due to the fact that the non-magnetic impurities containing silicon, aluminum and the like are crisp in property, the granularity of the particles is fine, the particle size distribution range of the alloy state substances is wide, and the impurities and the alloy fine particles are easy to be mixed in the honing process. Therefore, no method for effectively utilizing the solid waste resources is reported at present.
After the automobile industry in China is built and developed at a high speed for more than 50 years, cylinder manufacturers in China accumulate thousands of tons of honing waste due to the lack of an effective comprehensive utilization method. The honing waste has high oil stain content and large smell, and is stored in a factory building for a long time, so that the environment is polluted, and the physical and psychological health of people is seriously influenced. However, the cylinder liner honing waste contains various valuable metals, and the valuable metals are mainly alloyed powder and have high recycling value. Therefore, the development of the pretreatment quality-improving recovery technology of the alloy-state substances in the cylinder sleeve honing waste material has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that in the prior art, cylinder liner honing waste has the characteristics of fine granularity, wide distribution range, high oil stain content, wrapping of valuable substances by oil stains, easiness in inclusion of fine-particle alloying substances and impurities and the like, the efficiency of the separation and quality improvement process is low, the invention aims to provide a method for performing oil stain removal and gravity field/magnetic field/ultrasonic field synergistic strengthening on the cylinder liner honing waste containing the oil stains to separate and improve the alloying substances, and the method realizes low-cost and high-efficiency quality improvement of the alloying substances in the cylinder liner honing waste.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention provides a physical separation and quality improvement method for oil-contaminated cylinder liner honing waste.
According to the technical scheme, the combined process of deoiling, gravity separation and ultrasonic-assisted magnetic separation is adopted in the quality improvement process of the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste, all process steps are perfectly combined, and the recovery efficiency of the iron-containing concentrate is greatly improved. According to the technical scheme, the cylinder liner honing waste is deoiled in advance, so that metal particles and impurity particles covered by oil stain layers are released, the dispersibility of the metal particles and the impurity particles in water is improved, partial non-metal impurities with low density can be separated by gravity separation and tailing discarding, the particle size distribution range of the rest metal particles is wide, magnetic separation is directly adopted, fine particle impurities are easy to agglomerate, the impurity element content in magnetic separation concentrate is high, the dispersion of fine particle grade particles in the magnetic separation process is enhanced through ultrasonic field assisted magnetic separation, and iron-containing concentrate can be separated by smooth magnetic separation.
In a preferable scheme, the granularity of the cylinder sleeve honing waste material meets the requirement that the mass percentage content of the size fraction smaller than 100 meshes is not less than 95%, and the mass percentage content of the size fraction smaller than 200 meshes is not less than 60%.
Preferably, the cylinder sleeve honing waste comprises 1-20% of oil stain in percentage by mass and not less than 50% of metallic substances in percentage by mass.
In a preferred embodiment, the organic solvent includes at least one of ethanol, acetone, and tetrachloroethylene. The oil stain coated on the surface of the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste can be fully dissolved and removed by selecting a proper organic solvent, so that the dispersibility of metal particles and impurities is improved, and the gravity separation and tailing discarding of the impurities in the subsequent gravity separation process are facilitated.
In a preferable scheme, the mass ratio of the organic solvent to the cylinder sleeve honing waste is 5: 1-10: 1.
In a preferable scheme, the cleaning time is 5-30 min.
Preferably, the gravity separation is realized by adopting a shaking table, a cyclone or a chute separator.
In the preferable scheme, the ultrasonic power range provided by the ultrasonic field is 30-100W, and the magnetic field intensity provided by the magnetic field is 400-1000 Gs. The invention utilizes ultrasonic cavitation effect to lead micro gas nuclei in liquid to generate dynamic processes of vibration, growth and collapse closure under the action of an ultrasonic field through the coupling action of the ultrasonic field and the magnetic field, and the process concentrates the energy of the sound field and releases the energy rapidly to lead metal particles to vibrate in the solution at high frequency; meanwhile, the alloy particles containing a large amount of free electrons have disordered electronic motion in the ultrasonic field, the particles are at a higher energy level, the potential energy and the activity are increased, the probability of particle dispersion is further increased, the magnetic separation process can be strengthened under the condition that metal particles are vibrated and dispersed by ultrasound, and the magnetic separation recovery effect of the iron alloy is greatly improved.
Preferably, an ultrasonic generating rod for providing an ultrasonic field is arranged at 1/4-1/2 at the upper part in the action area of the magnetic field. The ultrasonic generating rod is arranged at 1/4-1/2 at the upper part in a magnetic field action area, an ultrasonic field is mainly arranged in a distribution area of fine-grained metal particles under the action of a gravity field, and long-time continuous dispersion of the fine-grained particles is strengthened, so that a better magnetic separation effect is achieved.
Preferably, the diameter of the ultrasonic generating rod is 0.5 cm-2 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the technology adopts a combined process of deoiling, gravity separation and ultrasonic field assisted magnetic separation in the quality improvement process of the cylinder sleeve honing waste, so that the high-efficiency quality improvement of the alloy powder is realized, and the recovery rate of the alloy elements reaches over 85 percent.
According to the technical scheme, most of non-metal impurities can be removed by combining deoiling and gravity separation, the metal recovery rate is improved, and the problem that valuable metal particles and impurity particles in the cylinder sleeve honing waste are covered by oil stains layer by layer and are difficult to disperse in water, so that the recovery rate of alloy powder concentrate is low during physical separation is solved. The dispersibility of metal particles and impurity particles is improved through oil removal, so that gravity separation of low-density impurities is facilitated.
The technical scheme of the invention adopts the synergistic effect of the ultrasonic field and the magnetic field, can strengthen the dispersion of fine-grained particles, prevent agglomeration and improve the recovery rate of the iron-containing concentrate. The technical problems that the magnetic metal particles are wide in particle size distribution range, and fine particle impurities are easy to agglomerate in the magnetic separation process, so that the content of impurity elements in magnetic separation concentrate is high are solved. On one hand, by utilizing the ultrasonic cavitation effect, micro gas nuclei in liquid can generate a dynamic process of vibration, growth and collapse closure under the action of an ultrasonic field, and the process concentrates the energy of the sound field and releases the energy rapidly to cause high-frequency vibration of metal particles in the solution; on the other hand, in the alloy-state particles containing a large amount of free electrons, the movement of electrons in the metal particles is disordered under an ultrasonic field, the particles are in a higher energy level, the potential energy and the activity are increased, and further the probability of particle dispersion is increased, so that the dispersibility of the metal particles is improved, and the magnetic separation is strengthened. It should be particularly noted that the alloy state substance in the metal-based solid waste contains a large amount of free electrons, and the movement of the alloy state substance can be disturbed under the ultrasonic field, so that the vibration and dissolution of macro particles are enhanced, which is essentially different from the ultrasonic enhanced dissolution of oxidized minerals in the prior art.
According to the technical scheme, the ultrasonic generating rod is arranged at the upper part in the magnetic field action area, so that the technical problem that the ultrasonic cannot continuously disperse fine particles for a long time in the conventional ultrasonic enhanced magnetic separation technology is solved. The long-time efficient dispersion of fine-grained particles in a fine-grained distribution area can be realized, and the magnetic separation effect is enhanced.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the present disclosure, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The cylinder liner honing waste with TFe 55% and oil stain content of 20% is used as a raw material, the cylinder liner honing waste with the particle size of less than 100 meshes accounts for 95% by mass and the particle size of less than 200 meshes accounts for 60% by mass, the cylinder liner honing waste is firstly cleaned by an ethanol solution, the liquid-solid ratio is 10:1, the cleaning time is 5min, a solid sample is obtained through liquid-solid separation, the solid sample is reselected by a table concentrator to obtain reselected concentrate, the concentrate is then subjected to magnetic separation, the magnetic separation strength is 400Gs, an ultrasonic generating rod is arranged at the center of a magnetic field action area, the diameter of the ultrasonic generating rod is 0.6cm, the ultrasonic power is 100W, and the ultrasonic frequency is. And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the magnetic concentrate slurry to obtain magnetic alloy powder. The recovery rate of the metallic iron in the whole process is as high as 85.4 percent.
Example 2
The cylinder sleeve honing waste with TFe 65% and oil stain content of 10% is used as a raw material, the cylinder sleeve honing waste with the particle size of less than 100 meshes accounts for 99% by mass and the particle size of less than 200 meshes accounts for 70% by mass, the cylinder sleeve honing waste is firstly cleaned by an acetone solution, the liquid-solid ratio is 5:1, the cleaning time is 30min, a solid sample is obtained through liquid-solid separation, the solid sample is reselected by a chute to obtain reselected concentrate, the concentrate is then subjected to magnetic separation, the magnetic separation strength is 1000Gs, an ultrasonic generating rod is arranged at the upper part 1/4 position of a magnetic field action area, the diameter of the ultrasonic generating rod is 1.5cm, the ultrasonic power is 30W, and the ultrasonic frequency is. And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the magnetic concentrate slurry to obtain magnetic alloy powder. The recovery rate of metal iron in the whole process is as high as 86.2%.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, no deoiling treatment was performed.
The cylinder sleeve honing waste with TFe 65% and oil stain content of 10% is used as a raw material, the grain size of the cylinder sleeve honing waste is less than 100 meshes, the grain size of the cylinder sleeve honing waste accounts for 99% by mass, the grain size of the cylinder sleeve honing waste accounts for 70% by mass, gravity concentrate is directly obtained by gravity separation through a chute without being cleaned by an organic solvent, the concentrate is subjected to magnetic separation, the magnetic separation strength is 600Gs, an ultrasonic generating rod is arranged at the center of a magnetic field action area, the ultrasonic power is 80W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 40 kHz. And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the magnetic concentrate slurry to obtain magnetic alloy powder. The recovery rate of metallic iron in the whole process is only 76.2%.
Comparative example 2
No ultrasound was applied in this comparative example.
The cylinder sleeve honing waste with TFe 58% and oil stain content of 15% is used as a raw material, the cylinder sleeve honing waste with the particle size of less than 100 meshes accounts for 99% by mass and the particle size of less than 200 meshes accounts for 80% by mass, the cylinder sleeve honing waste is firstly cleaned by an ethanol solution, the liquid-solid ratio is 8:1, the cleaning time is 30min, a solid sample is obtained through liquid-solid separation, a gravity concentrate is obtained through gravity separation of the solid sample by a table concentrator, the concentrate is subjected to magnetic separation again, the magnetic separation strength is 800Gs, and no ultrasound is applied in the process. And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the magnetic concentrate slurry to obtain magnetic alloy powder. The overall process metal iron recovery was only 68.2%.
Comparative example 3
The ultrasonic rod in this comparative example is disposed inside and outside the region of action of the magnetic field.
The cylinder liner honing waste with TFe 55% and oil stain content of 18% is used as a raw material, the cylinder liner honing waste with the particle size of less than 100 meshes accounts for 95% by mass and the particle size of less than 200 meshes accounts for 60% by mass, the cylinder liner honing waste is firstly cleaned by ethanol and acetone solution, the liquid-solid ratio is 10:1, the cleaning time is 5min, a solid sample is obtained through liquid-solid separation, the solid sample is reselected by a table concentrator to obtain reselected concentrate, the concentrate is then subjected to magnetic separation, the magnetic separation strength is 400Gs, an ultrasonic generating rod is arranged outside a magnetic field action area, the diameter of the ultrasonic generating rod is 2cm, the ultrasonic power is 100W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 40 kHz. And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the magnetic concentrate slurry to obtain magnetic alloy powder. The overall process metal iron recovery was only 74.8%.
Claims (10)
1. A physical separation and quality improvement method for oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: after the cylinder sleeve honing waste is cleaned by an organic solvent, the cylinder sleeve honing waste is firstly reselected and then magnetically separated under the synergistic action of an ultrasonic field and a magnetic field, so that magnetically separated concentrate is obtained.
2. The physical separation and quality improvement method for the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the granularity of the cylinder sleeve honing waste material meets the requirement that the mass percentage content of the cylinder sleeve honing waste material is not less than 95% in a size grade smaller than 100 meshes, and is not less than 60% in a size grade smaller than 200 meshes.
3. The physical separation and quality improvement method for the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cylinder sleeve honing waste comprises 1-20% of oil stain in percentage by mass and not less than 50% of metallic substances in percentage by mass.
4. The physical separation and quality improvement method for the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic solvent comprises at least one of ethanol, acetone and tetrachloroethylene.
5. The physical separation and quality improvement method for the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste material according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the organic solvent to the cylinder sleeve honing waste is 5: 1-10: 1.
6. The physical separation and quality improvement method for the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cleaning time is 5-30 min.
7. The physical separation and quality improvement method for the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the gravity separation is realized by adopting a shaking table, a cyclone or a chute separator.
8. The physical separation and quality improvement method for the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrasonic power range provided by the ultrasonic field is 30-100W, and the magnetic field intensity provided by the magnetic field is 400-1000 Gs.
9. The physical separation and quality improvement method for the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste material according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: an ultrasonic generating rod for providing an ultrasonic field is arranged at 1/4-1/2 at the upper part in the action area of the magnetic field.
10. The physical separation and quality improvement method for the oil-contaminated cylinder sleeve honing waste material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the ultrasonic generating rod is 0.5 cm-2 cm.
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Application publication date: 20200407 |