CN110961099A - Composite gold nano material for catalytic synthesis of biodiesel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite gold nano material for catalytic synthesis of biodiesel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
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- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000007036 catalytic synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/52—Gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite gold nano-material for catalytically synthesizing biodiesel and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of nano-materials. The composite gold nano material takes various waste eggshells as carriers to load gold chloroaurate particles; and then the chloroauric acid is reduced into gold nano-particles in situ by calcination, thereby obtaining the gold nano-particles. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pretreating eggshells; preparing an eggshell carrier; gold ion adsorption; and (3) in-situ reduction of the gold nanoparticles. The composite gold nano material has high activity, high efficiency of producing biodiesel by catalysis, wide application prospect, simple preparation method, rich raw material sources, low cost and low price.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano materials, and particularly relates to a composite gold nano material for producing biodiesel through catalysis and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, due to exhaustion of resources and emission of greenhouse gases, fossil fuels and other global limited resourcesIs widely considered to be unsustainable. This is an important reason for the conversion of biomass energy into biodiesel as an alternative energy source. Biodiesel is a clean burning fuel because it is degradable, non-toxic, sulfur-free, and aromatic compared to petroleum fuels. This new energy source can come from renewable resources such as vegetable oils, including palm, sunflower, rapeseed, canola and soybean. In order to adapt to the production and application of biodiesel, various modification technologies such as direct utilization of vegetable oil, microemulsion, pyrolysis, ester exchange and the like are researched and developed. Among them, the transesterification method is the most commonly used method for producing biodiesel, and involves the alcoholysis reaction of vegetable oil to produce biodiesel and glycerin. In general, transesterification reactions are based on homogeneous catalysts, such as NaOH, KOH and their alcohol-oxygen compounds, heterogeneous catalysts and enzymatic catalysts. Recent research has focused primarily on the use of heterogeneous catalysts, which can simplify the production and purification steps, and which are transferred from the organic phase to the aqueous phase after the reaction. Common heterogeneous catalysts are CaO, ZnO and Al2O3、MgO、TiO2Zeolites and inorganic heterogeneous catalysts. However, the heterogeneous catalyst has a low reaction rate and a low catalytic efficiency due to three-phase diffusion during the transesterification reaction, and needs to be further improved.
The weight of eggshells, which is an important solid waste generated in food processing and manufacturing plants, accounts for about 10% of the total weight of eggs. Taking china as an example, it is statistically estimated that there is about 400 million tons of production per year and will continue to grow in the future. In recent years, the use of eggshells as value-added products has been extensively studied. The main component of the eggshell is CaCO3Is a good porous calcium-based material. The nano structure is fixed on a fixed carrier, so that the problem of pure nano particle agglomeration is solved, the application range of the nano structure is widened, particularly, the method for synthesizing the metal nano material in the presence of the porous calcium-based material is a promising and beneficial method, and the porous calcium-based material has good biocompatibility and slow release performance, so that the nano structure is widely concerned in application as a metal nano particle carrier. And only need to be calcined at high temperature, CaCO3Can be divided intoDecomposing into CaO which is needed by us, and coating gold nano to obtain the composite nano material.
The composite nano material of the CaO-coated gold nano material is obtained based on the eggshell-loaded gold nano particles and is used as a heterogeneous catalyst. The heterogeneous catalyst can effectively improve the activity and efficiency of the surface area of a body, and compared with an inorganic catalyst, the effect of the catalyst is obviously improved by using soybean oil and methanol as ester exchange raw materials to synthesize the biodiesel. The preparation process is simple and easy to implement, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the environment is protected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite gold nano material for producing biodiesel through catalysis and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, eggshells are used as carriers, and are loaded with gold ions, and the composite gold nano-material is prepared by high-temperature calcination and in-situ reduction. The composite gold nano material can effectively catalyze and produce biodiesel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a composite gold nano material for catalytic production of biodiesel comprises the following steps:
(1) egg shell pretreatment: collecting the waste egg shells; repeatedly washing the collected eggshells with deionized water, soaking the eggshells in clean water for 1-3 hours at room temperature, and naturally drying the eggshells; drying in a drying oven;
(2) preparing an eggshell carrier: crushing the eggshells treated in the step (1) by using a crusher, sieving the crushed eggshells by using a 200-mesh sieve, soaking sieved eggshell powder in a NaOH solution for treatment for 10-30 min, then washing the eggshell powder for 3-5 times by using deionized water, and drying the eggshell powder to obtain an eggshell carrier;
(3) gold ion adsorption: weighing 1-3 g of the eggshell carrier obtained in the step (2), adding 10-50 mL of chloroauric acid solution, stirring at room temperature for 3-12 h, and adsorbing gold ions onto the eggshell carrier;
(4) in-situ reduction of gold nanoparticles: and (4) evaporating the eggshell carrier adsorbed with the gold ions obtained in the step (3) to dryness, and then calcining the eggshell carrier in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 600-900 ℃ for 2-5 h for in-situ reduction to obtain the composite gold nano material with the gold nano particles loaded with the mass percent of 0.1% -2.0%.
The eggshell in the step (1) includes but is not limited to any one of egg shell, duck egg shell, quail egg shell, ostrich egg shell and turkey egg shell.
The NaOH solution in the step (2) has a mass percentage concentration of 10wt%, a volume of 20ml, and the eggshell powder has a mass of 5 g.
The concentration of the chloroauric acid solution in the step (3) is 1 mM-20 mM.
The composite gold nano material for catalytically producing biodiesel is applied to catalytically synthesizing biodiesel.
The composite gold nano material for catalytically producing the biodiesel is applied to catalytically synthesizing the biodiesel, and comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing methanol and soybean oil in a three-neck flask;
(2) adding a composite alloy nano material into a flask;
(3) continuously stirring in an oil bath kettle for reaction;
(4) standing the obtained product in a separating funnel, and layering;
(5) taking the lower layer solution to remove the excessive methanol in a rotary evaporator;
(6) the obtained fatty acid methyl ester is the biodiesel, and the components are detected by GC-MS and the yield of the biodiesel is calculated.
The molar ratio of the methanol to the soybean oil in the step (1) is 5:1-15: 1.
The mass of the added composite gold nano material in the step (2) is 0.25-3% of that of the soybean oil.
The reaction temperature in the step (3) is 60-100 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-5 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the carrier used by the composite gold nanomaterial is the waste eggshell, the raw material source is wide, the cost is low, no pollution is generated, and the recycling of biological waste can be realized;
(2) the composite gold nano material can effectively improve the activity and efficiency of the surface area of a body, and the yield of the biodiesel synthesized by taking soybean oil and methanol as ester exchange raw materials can reach more than 90 percent;
(3) the preparation process of the composite gold nano material is simple and easy to implement, mild in reaction and environment-friendly.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of the composite alloy nano-material of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a gas-mass spectrum (GC-MS) diagram of the catalytic production product of the composite gold nano-material.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the yield of biodiesel produced by the catalysis of the composite gold nanomaterial.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the following examples are only examples of the present invention and do not represent the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Example 1
A preparation method of a composite gold nano material for catalytic production of biodiesel comprises the following steps:
(1) egg shell pretreatment: collecting the waste egg shells; repeatedly washing the collected egg shells with deionized water, soaking the egg shells in clean water for 3 hours at room temperature, and naturally drying the egg shells; drying in a drying oven.
(2) Preparing an egg shell carrier: crushing the eggshells treated in the step (1) by a crusher, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, soaking sieved eggshell powder in 10wt% NaOH solution for treatment for 30min, then washing with deionized water for 5 times, and drying to obtain the eggshell carrier.
(3) Gold ion adsorption: weighing 2g of the eggshell carrier obtained in the step (2), adding 50 mL of 10 mM chloroauric acid solution, stirring at room temperature for 12 h, and adsorbing gold ions onto the eggshell carrier.
(4) In-situ reduction of gold nanoparticles: and (4) evaporating the eggshell carrier which is obtained in the step (3) and adsorbs the gold ions to dryness, and then calcining the eggshell carrier in a muffle furnace at 900 ℃ for 2h for in-situ reduction to obtain the composite gold nanomaterial.
The composite alloy nano material is used for catalyzing and synthesizing the biodiesel, and comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing methanol and soybean oil in a three-neck flask;
(2) adding a composite alloy nano material into a flask;
(3) continuously stirring in an oil bath kettle for reaction;
(4) standing the obtained product in a separating funnel, and layering;
(5) taking the lower layer solution to remove the excessive methanol in a rotary evaporator;
(6) the obtained fatty acid methyl ester is the biodiesel, and the components are detected by GC-MS and the yield of the biodiesel is calculated.
The molar ratio of the methanol to the soybean oil in the step (1) is 12: 1.
And (3) adding the composite gold nano material in the step (2) in an amount which is 1% of the soybean oil by mass.
The reaction temperature in the step (3) is 100 ℃, and the reaction time is 1 h.
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrogram of the composite gold nano-material prepared by the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1. The results in FIG. 1 show that: XRD spectrum of CaO/Au obtained by calcining Au-loaded eggshell at 900 ℃ shows that the catalyst is prepared from CaO, Au and a small amount of non-decomposed CaCO3And (4) forming. As can be seen from the figure, the 4 diffraction peaks corresponding to the crystal planes (111), (200), (220) and (331) of Au are 38.178, 44.373, 64.558 and 77.543 respectively. There are 3 peaks at 32.429 °, 54.256 ° and 64.645 °, respectively, corresponding to CaO planes (111), (200) and (311) (JCPDS PDF # 74-1226), respectively.
Biodiesel is essentially a generic name for each fatty acid methyl ester. The basic principle of the reaction of soybean oil and methanol to produce biodiesel is as follows: free fatty acid in the soybean oil and methanol are subjected to ester exchange reaction under the action of a catalyst to generate fatty acid methyl ester. FIG. 2 is a GC-MS chromatogram of the product of this example, showing methyl palmitate at 12.335min, methyl stearate at 14.940min, methyl oleate at 14.995min, methyl linoleate at 15.065min and methyl linolenate at 15.305min, demonstrating that the product obtained in this experiment is indeed biodiesel.
Example 2
A preparation method of a composite gold nano material for catalytic production of biodiesel comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of duck egg shells: collecting waste duck egg shells; repeatedly washing the collected duck egg shells with deionized water, soaking the duck egg shells in clean water at room temperature for 3 hours, and naturally airing the duck egg shells; drying in a drying oven.
(2) Preparing a duck egg shell carrier: crushing the eggshells treated in the step (1) by a crusher, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, soaking sieved eggshell powder in 10wt% NaOH solution for 10 min, washing with deionized water for 5 times, and drying to obtain the duck eggshell carrier.
(3) Gold ion adsorption: weighing 1g of the duck egg shell carrier obtained in the step (2), adding 50 mL of chloroauric acid solution with the concentration of 1 mM, stirring at room temperature for 5h, and adsorbing gold ions onto the duck egg shell carrier.
(4) In-situ reduction of gold nanoparticles: and (4) evaporating the eggshell carrier which is obtained in the step (3) and adsorbs the gold ions to dryness, and then calcining the eggshell carrier in a muffle furnace at 750 ℃ for 3h for in-situ reduction to obtain the composite gold nanomaterial.
The composite alloy nano material is used for catalyzing and synthesizing the biodiesel, and comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing methanol and soybean oil in a three-neck flask;
(2) adding a composite alloy nano material into a flask;
(3) continuously stirring in an oil bath kettle for reaction;
(4) standing the obtained product in a separating funnel, and layering;
(5) taking the lower layer solution to remove the excessive methanol in a rotary evaporator;
(6) the obtained fatty acid methyl ester is the biodiesel, and the components are detected by GC-MS and the yield of the biodiesel is calculated.
The molar ratio of the methanol to the soybean oil in the step (1) is 12: 1.
And (3) adding the composite gold nano material in the step (2) in an amount which is 3% of the soybean oil by mass.
The reaction temperature in the step (3) is 60 ℃, and the reaction time is 4 hours.
Example 3
A preparation method of a composite gold nano material for catalytic production of biodiesel comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of turkey eggshells: collecting the waste turkey egg shells; repeatedly washing the collected turkey egg shells with deionized water, soaking in clear water at room temperature for 3 hours, and naturally drying; drying in a drying oven.
(2) Preparing an egg shell carrier: crushing the turkey egg shells treated in the step (1) by using a crusher, sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve, soaking sieved turkey egg shell powder in a 10wt% NaOH solution for treatment for 20 min, then washing with deionized water for 5 times, and drying to obtain the turkey egg shell carrier.
(3) Gold ion adsorption: weighing 2g of the turkey egg shell carrier obtained in the step (2), adding 50 mL of 5 mM chloroauric acid solution, stirring at room temperature for 3h, and adsorbing gold ions onto the turkey egg shell carrier.
(4) In-situ reduction of gold nanoparticles: and (4) evaporating the eggshell carrier which is obtained in the step (3) and adsorbs the gold ions to dryness, and then calcining the eggshell carrier in a muffle furnace at 600 ℃ for 5h for in-situ reduction to obtain the composite gold nanomaterial.
The composite alloy nano material is used for catalyzing and synthesizing the biodiesel, and comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing methanol and soybean oil in a three-neck flask;
(2) adding a composite alloy nano material into a flask;
(3) continuously stirring in an oil bath kettle for reaction;
(4) standing the obtained product in a separating funnel, and layering;
(5) taking the lower layer solution to remove the excessive methanol in a rotary evaporator;
(6) the obtained fatty acid methyl ester is the biodiesel, and the components are detected by GC-MS and the yield of the biodiesel is calculated.
The molar ratio of the methanol to the soybean oil in the step (1) is 12: 1.
The mass of the added composite gold nano material in the step (2) is 0.25 percent of that of the soybean oil.
The reaction temperature in the step (3) is 70 ℃, and the reaction time is 3 hours.
Example 4
A preparation method of a composite gold nano material for catalytic production of biodiesel comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating quail eggshells: collecting waste quail eggshells; repeatedly washing the collected quail egg shells with deionized water, soaking the quail egg shells in clean water for 3 hours at room temperature, and naturally airing; drying in a drying oven.
(2) Preparing a quail egg shell carrier: crushing the quail eggshells treated in the step (1) by a crusher, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, soaking sieved eggshell powder in 10wt% NaOH solution for treatment for 30min, then washing with deionized water for 5 times, and drying to obtain the quail eggshell carrier.
(3) Gold ion adsorption: weighing 3g of the quail egg shell carrier obtained in the step (2), adding 50 mL of 20 mM chloroauric acid solution, stirring at room temperature for 8h, and adsorbing gold ions onto the egg shell carrier.
(4) In-situ reduction of gold nanoparticles: and (4) evaporating the quail eggshell carrier which is obtained in the step (3) and adsorbs the gold ions to dryness, and then calcining the dried quail eggshell carrier in a muffle furnace at 900 ℃ for 2h for in-situ reduction to obtain the composite gold nano material.
The composite alloy nano material is used for catalyzing and synthesizing the biodiesel, and comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing methanol and soybean oil in a three-neck flask;
(2) adding a composite alloy nano material into a flask;
(3) continuously stirring in an oil bath kettle for reaction;
(4) standing the obtained product in a separating funnel, and layering;
(5) taking the lower layer solution to remove the excessive methanol in a rotary evaporator;
(6) the obtained fatty acid methyl ester is the biodiesel, and the components are detected by GC-MS and the yield of the biodiesel is calculated.
The molar ratio of the methanol to the soybean oil in the step (1) is 12: 1.
And (3) adding the composite gold nano material in the step (2) in an amount which is 2% of the soybean oil by mass.
The reaction temperature in the step (3) is 70 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 hours.
Example 5
The method for synthesizing biodiesel under the catalysis of the composite gold nano material prepared in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing methanol and soybean oil in a three-neck flask;
(2) adding a composite alloy nano material into a flask;
(3) continuously stirring in an oil bath kettle for reaction;
(4) standing the obtained product in a separating funnel, and layering;
(5) taking the lower layer solution to remove the excessive methanol in a rotary evaporator;
(6) the obtained fatty acid methyl ester is the biodiesel, and the components are detected by GC-MS and the yield of the biodiesel is calculated.
The molar ratio of the methanol to the soybean oil in the step (1) is 12: 1.
and (3) adding the composite gold nano material in the step (2) in an amount which is 1% of the soybean oil by mass.
The reaction temperature in the step (3) is 100 ℃, and the reaction time is 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h and 5h respectively.
The yield of biodiesel produced by the composite alloy nano material in the example is shown in figure 3. The results in FIG. 3 show that: the influence of the reaction time of 1-5h on the yield of the biodiesel is researched. Under the reaction conditions: methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1, the reaction temperature was 70 ℃, and the catalyst amount was 1.0 wt.%, and the experiment was performed. As can be seen from fig. 3: the yield of the biodiesel is improved faster along with the increase of the reaction time, the yield can reach 94.69% when the reaction time is 3h, and the yield is not obviously improved along with the extension of the reaction time after 3 h.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite gold nano-material for catalytic production of biodiesel is characterized in that: the composite gold nano material is prepared by taking various waste eggshells as carriers to load gold ions and carrying out high-temperature calcination to reduce the gold ions into gold nano particles in situ.
2. The preparation method of the composite gold nano-material for the catalytic production of biodiesel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) egg shell pretreatment: collecting various discarded eggshells; repeatedly washing the collected eggshells with deionized water, soaking the eggshells in clean water for 1-3 hours at room temperature, and naturally drying the eggshells; drying in a drying oven;
(2) preparing an eggshell carrier: crushing the eggshells treated in the step (1) by using a crusher, sieving the crushed eggshells by using a 200-mesh sieve, soaking sieved eggshell powder in a NaOH solution for treatment for 10-30 min, then washing the eggshell powder for 3-5 times by using deionized water, and drying the eggshell powder to obtain an eggshell carrier;
(3) gold ion adsorption: weighing 1-3 g of the eggshell carrier obtained in the step (2), adding 10-50 mL of chloroauric acid solution, stirring at room temperature for 3-12 h, and adsorbing gold ions onto the eggshell carrier;
(4) in-situ reduction of gold nanoparticles: and (4) evaporating the eggshell carrier adsorbed with the gold ions obtained in the step (3) to dryness, and then calcining the eggshell carrier in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 600-900 ℃ for 2-5 h for in-situ reduction to obtain the composite gold nano material with the gold nano particles loaded with the mass percent of 0.1% -2.0%.
3. The preparation method of the composite gold nano-material for the catalytic production of biodiesel according to claim 2, characterized in that: the eggshell in the step (1) comprises any one of a chicken eggshell, a duck eggshell, a quail eggshell, an ostrich eggshell and a turkey eggshell.
4. The preparation method of the composite gold nano-material for the catalytic production of biodiesel according to claim 2, characterized in that: the NaOH solution in the step (2) has the mass percentage concentration of 10wt%, the volume of 20ml and the eggshell powder mass of 5 g.
5. The preparation method of the composite gold nano-material for the catalytic production of biodiesel according to claim 2, characterized in that: the concentration of the chloroauric acid solution in the step (3) is 1 mM-20 mM.
6. The composite gold nano-material for catalyzing and producing the biodiesel according to claim 1 is applied to catalyzing and synthesizing the biodiesel.
7. The application of the composite gold nano-material for catalyzing and producing the biodiesel to catalyzing and synthesizing the biodiesel according to the claim 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing methanol and soybean oil in a three-neck flask;
(2) adding a composite alloy nano material into a flask;
(3) continuously stirring in an oil bath kettle for reaction;
(4) standing the obtained product in a separating funnel, and layering;
(5) taking the lower layer solution to remove the excessive methanol in a rotary evaporator;
(6) the obtained fatty acid methyl ester is the biodiesel, and the components are detected by GC-MS and the yield of the biodiesel is calculated.
8. The application of the composite gold nano-material for catalyzing and producing the biodiesel according to claim 8 in catalyzing and synthesizing the biodiesel is characterized in that: the mol ratio of the methanol to the soybean oil in the step (1) is 5: 1-15:1.
9. The application of the composite gold nanomaterial for catalytic production of biodiesel according to claim 8 in catalytic synthesis of biodiesel is characterized in that the mass of the composite gold nanomaterial added in step (2) is 0.25-3% of that of soybean oil.
10. The application of the composite gold nanomaterial for catalytic production of biodiesel according to claim 8 in catalytic synthesis of biodiesel is characterized in that the reaction temperature in step (3) is 60-100 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-5 h.
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