CN110958451A - Video coding method and electronic equipment - Google Patents
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- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/12—Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
- H04N19/122—Selection of transform size, e.g. 8x8 or 2x4x8 DCT; Selection of sub-band transforms of varying structure or type
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- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
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- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
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- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of video coding and decoding, and provides a video coding method and electronic equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring at least one frame of video image; dividing each frame of video image in the at least one frame of video image into a plurality of macro blocks, and dividing each macro block in the plurality of macro blocks into a plurality of 4x4 pixel matrixes; performing inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result; obtaining a residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix based on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction result corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix; and acquiring the coded data of the at least one frame of video image based on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4x4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image. The embodiment of the invention can improve the coding precision.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of video encoding and decoding technologies, and in particular, to a video encoding method and an electronic device.
Background
The video coding protocol includes h.264 protocol, MPEG-4 protocol, JPEG protocol, etc. The H.264 protocol integrates the advantages of the previous standard, absorbs the experience accumulated in the past standard formulation, adopts a simple design and has outstanding compression efficiency. H.264 allows video programs to be transmitted on lower bandwidth, so that a large amount of bandwidth resources are saved; the coded image has high quality, and can provide continuous and smooth high-quality images; has stronger fault-tolerant capability and can obtain better quality in a network with unstable quality. However, the current h.264 video coding usually adopts a 16 × 16 block coding scheme, and the coding precision is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a video encoding method and an electronic device, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that video encoding usually adopts a 16 × 16 block encoding mode and has low encoding precision.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a video encoding method, where the method is applied to an electronic device, and the method includes:
acquiring at least one frame of video image;
dividing each frame of video image in the at least one frame of video image into a plurality of macro blocks, and dividing each macro block in the plurality of macro blocks into a plurality of 4x4 pixel matrixes;
performing inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result;
obtaining a residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix based on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction result corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix;
and acquiring the coded data of the at least one frame of video image based on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4x4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes:
a first acquisition mode for acquiring at least one frame of video image;
the dividing module is used for dividing each frame of video image in the at least one frame of video image into a plurality of macro blocks and dividing each macro block in the plurality of macro blocks into a plurality of 4 multiplied by 4 pixel matrixes;
the prediction module is used for carrying out inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4x4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4x4 pixel matrixes to obtain a prediction result;
a second obtaining module, configured to obtain a residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix based on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction result corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix;
and the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the encoded data of the at least one frame of video image based on the residual coefficient matrix of the 4x4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which program, when executed by the processor, performs the steps in the video encoding method as described in the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the video encoding method according to the first aspect.
In the embodiment of the invention, at least one frame of video image is obtained; dividing each frame of video image in the at least one frame of video image into a plurality of macro blocks, and dividing each macro block in the plurality of macro blocks into a plurality of 4x4 pixel matrixes; performing inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result; obtaining a residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix based on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction result corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix; and acquiring the coded data of the at least one frame of video image based on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4x4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image. Thus, by adopting a 4 × 4 block coding scheme, the prediction frame is closer to the original frame, the difference between the prediction frame and the original frame is reduced, temporal data redundancy is removed, and the compression efficiency and the coding accuracy of the coding can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a frame of video image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the electronic device includes, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a vehicle-mounted mobile terminal, a wearable device, a camera, and the like.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a video encoding method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, where the method is applied to an electronic device, and as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
The video acquisition system comprises a camera, a video acquisition module and a video acquisition module, wherein the camera can be used for primary video acquisition, a video image acquired each time corresponds to a group of video pixel data, and a group of video pixel data corresponds to at least one frame of video image.
Each frame of video image may be divided into frame header data and frame data, and the frame data may be divided into one or more macro blocks. Each frame of video picture may be an I-frame or a B-frame or a P-frame. An I frame contains an I frame macroblock, a P frame may contain a P frame macroblock and an I frame macroblock, and a B frame may contain a B frame macroblock, an I frame macroblock, and a P frame macroblock. The frame data of each frame of the video image may be divided into macroblocks arranged in slices, and a macroblock may be composed of a 16x16 luminance pixel block and additionally an 8x8Cb color pixel block and an 8x8 Cr color pixel block. A 16x16 luminance pixel block may be further divided into 16 4x4 pixel matrices representing luminance, an 8x8Cb color pixel block may be further divided into 4x4 pixel matrices representing Cb chrominance, and an 8x8 Cr color pixel block may be further divided into 4x4 pixel matrices representing Cr chrominance. Video data encoding may be performed in units of macroblocks.
And 103, performing inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result.
When the intra-frame prediction is performed, the prediction mode of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted at present can be determined through the prediction mode of the upper 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted at present and the prediction mode of the left 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted at present, and the pixel prediction of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted at present is performed by combining the left pixel value and the upper pixel value of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted at present, so as to obtain a prediction result. Specifically, the electronic device may include a first buffer unit and a second buffer unit, where the first buffer unit stores a first prediction mode of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix located above a 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, the second buffer unit stores a second prediction mode of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix located to the left of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, a target prediction mode of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted may be determined based on the first prediction mode and the second prediction mode, and intra-frame prediction is performed on the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted based on the target prediction mode, so as to obtain a prediction result. Inter-frame prediction mode for video image data can be adopted to obtain inter-frame prediction result, specifically, inter-frame prediction mode in the prior art can be adopted to eliminate time redundancy of video image data through inter-frame prediction.
It should be noted that when the difference between the video image frame of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted currently and the video image of the previous video image frame is small, inter-frame prediction may be adopted to obtain a prediction result; when the difference of video images among the 4 × 4 pixel matrixes in the video image frame where the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted is located is small, intra-frame prediction can be adopted to obtain a prediction result; when the video image frame where the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted currently is located has a small difference from the video image of the previous video image frame and the video image difference between the 4 × 4 pixel matrices in the video image frame where the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted currently is located is small, intra-frame prediction and inter-frame prediction can be adopted for joint prediction to obtain a prediction result. The embodiment of the present invention does not limit this.
And 104, acquiring a residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix based on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction result corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix.
The difference between the prediction results corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and each 4 × 4 pixel matrix may be calculated, and the difference between the prediction results corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and each 4 × 4 pixel matrix may be used as the residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix. When the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of the video image includes a 4 × 4 pixel matrix representing luminance and a 4 × 4 pixel matrix representing chrominance, the residual coefficient matrix may be calculated separately for each of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix representing luminance and the 4 × 4 pixel matrix representing chrominance.
And 105, acquiring the encoded data of the at least one frame of video image based on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image.
The residual coefficient matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image can be subjected to 4 × 4 integer discrete cosine transform to obtain a residual transform matrix, the residual transform matrix is quantized to obtain a quantized residual result, the quantized residual result is rearranged and encoded to obtain residual characters, and the residual characters are entropy encoded to obtain encoded data of at least one frame of video image; or, 4 × 4 real cosine transform may be performed on a residual coefficient matrix of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image to obtain a residual transform matrix, the residual transform matrix is quantized to obtain a quantized residual result, the quantized residual result is rearranged and encoded to obtain residual characters, and the residual characters are entropy encoded to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image.
In the embodiment of the invention, at least one frame of video image is obtained; dividing each frame of video image in the at least one frame of video image into a plurality of macro blocks, and dividing each macro block in the plurality of macro blocks into a plurality of 4x4 pixel matrixes; performing inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result; obtaining a residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix based on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction result corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix; and acquiring the coded data of the at least one frame of video image based on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4x4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image. Thus, by adopting a 4 × 4 block coding scheme, the prediction frame is closer to the original frame, the difference between the prediction frame and the original frame is reduced, temporal data redundancy is removed, and the compression efficiency and the coding accuracy of the coding can be improved.
Optionally, the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices include 16 4 × 4 pixel matrices representing luminance, 4 × 4 pixel matrices representing Cb chrominance, and 4 × 4 pixel matrices representing Cr chrominance.
Optionally, after acquiring at least one frame of video image, the method further includes:
determining whether a target video image frame is included in the at least one frame of video image;
the obtaining the encoded data of the at least one frame of video image based on the residual coefficient matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image comprises:
if the at least one frame of video image comprises a target video image frame, acquiring first coded data based on a residual coefficient of a 4x4 pixel matrix of the target video image frame, and encrypting the first coded data;
acquiring second coded data based on residual coefficients of a 4x4 pixel matrix of a video image frame other than a target video image frame in the at least one frame of video image;
the coded data of the at least one frame of video image comprises the second coded data and the encrypted first coded data.
The target video image frame may be an I frame, each video image frame may be an I frame, a B frame, or a P frame, frame header data of the video image frame may be extracted, and whether the video image frame is the target video image frame is determined according to frame tag information in the frame header data. The video image frame comprises two parts of frame header data and frame data, wherein the frame header data comprises relevant information of the video frame, and the frame data is substantial video pixel data and can be used for predictive coding and decoding. The header data comprises pre-frame information, e.g. 00000001/000001, each of which is followed by an eight-bit frame marker information, e.g. 0x08, corresponding to the picture parameter set PPS; 0x07, corresponding to the sequence parameter set SPS; 0x05, corresponding to an IDR frame. The third frame is preceded by eight bits of key frame flag information, and when the lower three bits of key frame flag information are 101, the key frame is determined to be an IDR frame, which is also an I frame.
It should be noted that, in the prior art, video image data is not encrypted, or all video image data is encrypted. All video image data are encrypted, so that complexity and hardware and software resources are increased, video coding delay is increased, coding redundancy is increased, and transmission and decoding efficiency and quality are reduced.
In this embodiment, if the at least one frame of video image includes a target video image frame, obtaining first encoded data based on a residual coefficient of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix of the target video image frame, and encrypting the first encoded data; acquiring second coded data based on residual coefficients of a 4x4 pixel matrix of a video image frame other than a target video image frame in the at least one frame of video image; the coded data of the at least one frame of video image comprises the second coded data and the encrypted first coded data. Therefore, the transmission safety of the video image data is ensured, the encryption complexity is reduced, and the software and hardware operation resources are reduced.
Optionally, the obtaining the encoded data of the at least one frame of video image based on the residual coefficient matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image includes:
carrying out 4 × 4 integer discrete cosine transform on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image to obtain a residual transform matrix;
quantizing the residual transformation matrix to obtain a quantized residual result;
rearranging and coding the quantized residual error result to obtain residual error characters;
and entropy coding is carried out on the residual error characters to obtain the coded data of the at least one frame of video image.
Among them, integer discrete cosine transform, that is, integer dct (discrete cosine transform). The residual transformation matrix after integer discrete cosine transformation is quantized, a quantization coefficient can be generated through a weighting function to form a 4x4 quantization table, and the residual transformation matrix can be quantized through the 4x4 quantization table to obtain a quantized residual result. The quantized residual result can be rearranged and coded by adopting a flexible macro block arrangement algorithm (zigzag scan) to obtain residual characters, the residual characters can be entropy coded to obtain coded data of the at least one frame of video image, and the amplitude of a non-zero coefficient can be reduced and a high-frequency coefficient zero value is increased by quantizing a residual transformation matrix, so that the coding length of the residual characters is reduced, and network transmission and video image data recovery are facilitated; or, other permutation algorithms may be adopted to perform rearrangement encoding on the quantized residual result to obtain residual characters, and the residual characters may be subjected to entropy encoding to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image. The embodiment of the invention does not limit the specific algorithm adopted by the rearrangement encoding.
In this embodiment, 4 × 4 integer discrete cosine transform is performed on a residual coefficient matrix of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image to obtain a residual transform matrix; quantizing the residual transformation matrix to obtain a quantized residual result; rearranging and coding the quantized residual error result to obtain residual error characters; and entropy coding is carried out on the residual error characters to obtain the coded data of the at least one frame of video image. Thus, the image time domain data is converted into the frequency domain through the transformation of DCT, the energy is concentrated in the low frequency area, and the high frequency data value is small. Because the video image data is divided into 4 multiplied by 4 macro blocks, 4 multiplied by 4 integer cosine transform is adopted, and real cosine transform is not used, the problem of mismatch of decoded data caused by large error of floating point operation precision after decoding the real cosine transform is avoided; meanwhile, 8 multiplied by 8 discrete cosine transform is not used, the problem of mismatching of the 8 multiplied by 8 discrete cosine transform is avoided, the calculated amount is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the image accuracy is not lost.
Optionally, the quantizing the residual transform matrix to obtain a quantized residual result includes:
quantizing a residual transformation matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the brightness by using a first quantization table to obtain a first quantization result;
quantizing a residual transformation matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the chromaticity by using a second quantization table to obtain a second quantization result;
wherein the quantized residual result comprises the first quantization result and the second quantization result.
In this embodiment, two different quantization tables may be used to quantize the matrix corresponding to luminance and the matrix corresponding to chrominance, respectively, because human eyes are more sensitive to luminance than chrominance, by using two different quantization tables, after integer discrete cosine transform, luminance energy is higher and chrominance energy is lower, and by using different quantization tables to quantize the residual transform matrix, the value ranges can be equalized.
Optionally, the rearranging and encoding the quantized residual result to obtain a residual character includes:
rearranging and coding the first quantization result and the second quantization result respectively by adopting a flexible macro block arrangement algorithm to obtain residual characters corresponding to brightness and residual characters corresponding to chroma;
the entropy encoding of the residual characters to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image includes:
and entropy coding is carried out on the residual error characters corresponding to the brightness and the residual error characters corresponding to the chroma, so as to obtain the coded data of the at least one frame of video image.
The quantized residual result can be scanned, rearranged and encoded by a flexible macroblock arrangement algorithm (zigzag scan). The zigzag scan rearrangement coding can be respectively carried out on the residual result corresponding to the brightness and the residual result corresponding to the chroma, so as to respectively obtain the residual characters corresponding to the brightness and the chroma, the entropy coding can be carried out on the residual characters corresponding to the brightness and the chroma, so as to form a coding character string, and the coding character string is arranged in sequence.
In this embodiment, a zigzag scan based scan rearrangement mode enables video image data to achieve an optimal balance point between coding efficiency and error-tolerant code rate under a low packet loss rate.
Optionally, the residual characters include trailing coefficients and non-zero coefficients, and the entropy encoding of the residual characters to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image includes:
carrying out sign XOR encryption on the trailing coefficient and the non-zero coefficient in the residual error character by adopting a sign key to obtain an encrypted residual error character;
and encoding the encrypted residual characters, the number of the trailing coefficients and the number of the non-zero coefficients to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image.
The non-zero coefficients at the high frequency positions may be +1 or-1, and those non-zero coefficients with +1 and-1 are called trailing coefficients (TrailingOnes). Sign XOR encryption can be carried out on the trailing coefficients in the residual characters through a sign key to obtain trailing encrypted characters, the original trailing coefficients are covered, and the sign key is saved; the non-zero coefficient in the residual error character can be subjected to symbol XOR encryption through a symbol key to obtain a non-zero coefficient encryption character, the original non-zero coefficient is covered, and the encryption key is saved. And encrypting the trailing coefficient and the non-zero coefficient in the residual error character to obtain the encrypted residual error character. In particular, encryption key encryption may be employed while preserving a sign key for residual character decryption. The encrypted residual characters, the number of trailing coefficients and the number of non-zero coefficients may be encoded to obtain an encoded character string as encoded data of the at least one frame of video image. The specific encoding mode may be that the number of trailing coefficients and the number of non-zero coefficients are serially connected in sequence one by one after the encrypted residual characters. Further, the encryption algorithm for encryption may be a DES encryption algorithm or an RSA encryption algorithm.
In this embodiment, instead of using the whole encryption of the residual characters, the sign key is used for the sign exclusive or encryption, which can reduce the security complexity.
Optionally, the electronic device includes a first buffer unit and a second buffer unit, where the first buffer unit stores a first prediction mode of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix located above a 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, the second buffer unit stores a second prediction mode of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix located on the left of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, and inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction is performed on each of the 4 × 4 pixel matrices in the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result, where the first buffer unit includes:
determining a target prediction mode of a 4x4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted based on the first prediction mode and the second prediction mode;
and carrying out intra-frame prediction on the 4x4 pixel matrix to be predicted at present based on the target prediction mode to obtain a prediction result.
As shown in fig. 2, a 4 × 4 prediction mode may be adopted, and as shown in fig. 2, a target prediction mode is determined according to a prediction mode of an upper 4 × 4 pixel matrix 202 corresponding to a 4 × 4 pixel matrix 201 to be currently predicted and a prediction mode of a left 4 × 4 pixel matrix 203 corresponding to the 4 × 4 pixel matrix 201 to be currently predicted, and pixel prediction of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted is performed by combining a left pixel value and an upper pixel value of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, so as to obtain a prediction result. The left pixel value of the current 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted may be a pixel value of a rightmost column of the left 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the current 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted; the upper pixel value of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted may be a pixel value of a bottom row of the upper 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted. Specifically, the target prediction mode can be calculated by the decoder according to the correlation of the adjacent blocks. The target prediction mode may be a minimum value of a prediction mode of an upper 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction mode of a left 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted. For example, when the prediction mode of the upper 4 × 4 pixel matrix and the prediction mode of the left 4 × 4 pixel matrix are both mode 1, the target prediction mode may be mode 1; when the prediction mode of the left 4 × 4 pixel matrix is mode 3 (lower left diagonal mode) and the prediction mode of the upper 4 × 4 pixel matrix is mode 1, the target prediction mode may be mode 1 (horizontal mode). The 4 × 4 prediction modes may include: mode 0 (vertical mode), mode 1 (horizontal), mode 2(DC), mode 3 (lower left diagonal), mode 4 (lower right diagonal), mode 5 (right vertical), mode 6 (lower horizontal), mode 7 (left vertical) and mode 8 (upper horizontal).
In addition, the target prediction mode may be stored in the first buffer unit or the second buffer unit for the prediction of the next 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be predicted. The first buffer unit and the second buffer unit may be cyclically stored. In the intra prediction mode in the prior art, generally, the prediction result of the adjacent pixel block and the prediction result of the previous row of pixel blocks are used as references, and a 16 × 16 prediction mode is adopted, so that each prediction of the processor needs to read the prediction results of the adjacent pixel block and the previous row of pixel blocks from the off-chip storage module, and the interaction rate with the off-chip storage module is increased. When the intra-frame prediction precision needs to be increased, prediction modes such as 4 × 4, 4 × 8, 8 × 4 and the like are needed, the frequency of reading prediction results of adjacent pixel blocks and a previous row of pixel blocks from the off-chip storage module is multiplied, and the intra-frame prediction complexity is increased.
In the embodiment, the first cache unit and the second cache unit are used for storing and reading and writing the prediction mode, so that the interaction frequency is reduced and the expenditure of software and hardware resources is reduced compared with the mode of using the off-chip reading and writing prediction mode. The first cache unit and the second cache unit are arranged in the chip and used for caching the prediction mode to judge the current prediction mode, so that the compression efficiency and the encoding precision can be improved.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the electronic device 300 includes:
a first acquisition mode 301 for acquiring at least one frame of video image;
a dividing module 302, configured to divide each frame of video image in the at least one frame of video image into a plurality of macroblocks, and divide each macroblock in the plurality of macroblocks into a plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices;
a prediction module 303, configured to perform inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result;
a second obtaining module 304, configured to obtain a residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix based on the each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction result corresponding to the each 4 × 4 pixel matrix;
a third obtaining module 305, configured to obtain the encoded data of the at least one frame of video image based on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of the each frame of video image.
Optionally, the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices include 16 4 × 4 pixel matrices representing luminance, 4 × 4 pixel matrices representing Cb chrominance, and 4 × 4 pixel matrices representing Cr chrominance.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the electronic device 300 further includes:
a determining module 306, configured to determine whether the at least one frame of video image includes a target video image frame;
the third obtaining module 305 is specifically configured to:
if the at least one frame of video image comprises a target video image frame, acquiring first coded data based on a residual coefficient of a 4x4 pixel matrix of the target video image frame, and encrypting the first coded data;
acquiring second coded data based on residual coefficients of a 4x4 pixel matrix of a video image frame other than a target video image frame in the at least one frame of video image;
the coded data of the at least one frame of video image comprises the second coded data and the encrypted first coded data.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 5, the third obtaining module 305 specifically includes:
a transformation unit 3051, configured to perform 4 × 4 integer discrete cosine transformation on a residual coefficient matrix of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of the video image to obtain a residual transformation matrix;
a quantization unit 3052, configured to quantize the residual transform matrix to obtain a quantized residual result;
the arrangement unit 3053 is configured to perform rearrangement coding on the quantized residual result to obtain a residual character;
and the encoding unit 3054 is configured to perform entropy encoding on the residual error character to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image.
Optionally, the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of the video image includes a 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to luminance and a 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to chrominance, the residual transform matrix includes a residual transform matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to luminance and a residual transform matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to chrominance, and the quantization unit 3052 is specifically configured to:
quantizing a residual transformation matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the brightness by using a first quantization table to obtain a first quantization result;
quantizing a residual transformation matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the chromaticity by using a second quantization table to obtain a second quantization result;
wherein the quantized residual result comprises the first quantization result and the second quantization result.
Optionally, the arrangement unit 3053 is specifically configured to:
rearranging and coding the first quantization result and the second quantization result respectively by adopting a flexible macro block arrangement algorithm to obtain residual characters corresponding to brightness and residual characters corresponding to chroma;
the encoding unit 3054 is specifically configured to:
and entropy coding is carried out on the residual error characters corresponding to the brightness and the residual error characters corresponding to the chroma, so as to obtain the coded data of the at least one frame of video image.
Optionally, the residual characters include trailing coefficients and non-zero coefficients, and the encoding unit 3054 is specifically configured to:
carrying out sign XOR encryption on the trailing coefficient and the non-zero coefficient in the residual error character by adopting a sign key to obtain an encrypted residual error character;
and encoding the encrypted residual characters, the number of the trailing coefficients and the number of the non-zero coefficients to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image.
Optionally, the electronic device includes a first buffer unit and a second buffer unit, where the first buffer unit stores a first prediction mode of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix located above a 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, the second buffer unit stores a second prediction mode of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix located on the left of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, and the prediction module 303 is specifically configured to:
determining a target prediction mode of a 4x4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted based on the first prediction mode and the second prediction mode;
and carrying out intra-frame prediction on the 4x4 pixel matrix to be predicted at present based on the target prediction mode to obtain a prediction result.
The electronic device can implement each process implemented by the electronic device in the method embodiment of fig. 1, and details are not described here to avoid repetition.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, the electronic device 400 includes: a memory 402, a processor 401, and a program stored on the memory 402 and executable on the processor 401, wherein:
the processor 401 reads the program in the memory 402 for executing:
acquiring at least one frame of video image;
dividing each frame of video image in the at least one frame of video image into a plurality of macro blocks, and dividing each macro block in the plurality of macro blocks into a plurality of 4x4 pixel matrixes;
performing inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result;
obtaining a residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix based on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction result corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix;
and acquiring the coded data of the at least one frame of video image based on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4x4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image.
Optionally, the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices include 16 4 × 4 pixel matrices representing luminance, 4 × 4 pixel matrices representing Cb chrominance, and 4 × 4 pixel matrices representing Cr chrominance.
Optionally, the processor 401 is further configured to perform:
determining whether a target video image frame is included in the at least one frame of video image;
the obtaining the encoded data of the at least one frame of video image based on the residual coefficient matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image comprises:
if the at least one frame of video image comprises a target video image frame, acquiring first coded data based on a residual coefficient of a 4x4 pixel matrix of the target video image frame, and encrypting the first coded data;
acquiring second coded data based on residual coefficients of a 4x4 pixel matrix of a video image frame other than a target video image frame in the at least one frame of video image;
the coded data of the at least one frame of video image comprises the second coded data and the encrypted first coded data.
Optionally, the obtaining, by the processor 401, encoded data of the at least one frame of video image based on a residual coefficient matrix of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix of the each frame of video image includes:
carrying out 4 × 4 integer discrete cosine transform on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image to obtain a residual transform matrix;
quantizing the residual transformation matrix to obtain a quantized residual result;
rearranging and coding the quantized residual error result to obtain residual error characters;
and entropy coding is carried out on the residual error characters to obtain the coded data of the at least one frame of video image.
Optionally, the quantizing the residual transform matrix performed by the processor 401 to obtain a quantized residual result includes:
quantizing a residual transformation matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the brightness by using a first quantization table to obtain a first quantization result;
quantizing a residual transformation matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the chromaticity by using a second quantization table to obtain a second quantization result;
wherein the quantized residual result comprises the first quantization result and the second quantization result.
Optionally, the rearranging and encoding, performed by the processor 401, the quantized residual result to obtain residual characters includes:
rearranging and coding the first quantization result and the second quantization result respectively by adopting a flexible macro block arrangement algorithm to obtain residual characters corresponding to brightness and residual characters corresponding to chroma;
the entropy encoding of the residual characters to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image includes:
and entropy coding is carried out on the residual error characters corresponding to the brightness and the residual error characters corresponding to the chroma, so as to obtain the coded data of the at least one frame of video image.
Optionally, the residual characters executed by the processor 401 include a trailing coefficient and a non-zero coefficient, and the entropy encoding of the residual characters to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image includes:
carrying out sign XOR encryption on the trailing coefficient and the non-zero coefficient in the residual error character by adopting a sign key to obtain an encrypted residual error character;
and encoding the encrypted residual characters, the number of the trailing coefficients and the number of the non-zero coefficients to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image.
Optionally, the electronic device includes a first buffer unit and a second buffer unit, where the first buffer unit stores a first prediction mode of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix located above a 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, the second buffer unit stores a second prediction mode of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix located to the left of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, and the performing, by the processor 401, inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result includes:
determining a target prediction mode of a 4x4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted based on the first prediction mode and the second prediction mode;
and carrying out intra-frame prediction on the 4x4 pixel matrix to be predicted at present based on the target prediction mode to obtain a prediction result.
In FIG. 6, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, with one or more processors, represented by processor 401, and various circuits, represented by memory 402, being linked together. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. The bus interface provides an interface.
The processor 401 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 402 may store data used by the processor 401 in performing operations.
It should be noted that any implementation manner in the method embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by the electronic device in this embodiment, and achieve the same beneficial effects, and details are not described here.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements each process of the video encoding method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect, and in order to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here. The computer-readable storage medium may be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes instructions for enabling a terminal device (such as a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A video coding method applied to an electronic device, the method comprising:
acquiring at least one frame of video image;
dividing each frame of video image in the at least one frame of video image into a plurality of macro blocks, and dividing each macro block in the plurality of macro blocks into a plurality of 4x4 pixel matrixes;
performing inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result;
obtaining a residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix based on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction result corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix;
and acquiring the coded data of the at least one frame of video image based on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4x4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of 4x4 pixel matrices includes 16 4x4 pixel matrices representing luminance, 4x4 pixel matrices representing Cb chrominance, and 4x4 pixel matrices representing Cr chrominance.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after the obtaining of the at least one frame of video image, the method further comprises:
determining whether a target video image frame is included in the at least one frame of video image;
the obtaining the encoded data of the at least one frame of video image based on the residual coefficient matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image comprises:
if the at least one frame of video image comprises a target video image frame, acquiring first coded data based on a residual coefficient of a 4x4 pixel matrix of the target video image frame, and encrypting the first coded data;
acquiring second coded data based on residual coefficients of a 4x4 pixel matrix of a video image frame other than a target video image frame in the at least one frame of video image;
the coded data of the at least one frame of video image comprises the second coded data and the encrypted first coded data.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the encoded data for the at least one frame of video image based on a residual coefficient matrix of a 4x4 pixel matrix of the each frame of video image comprises:
carrying out 4 × 4 integer discrete cosine transform on a residual coefficient matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image to obtain a residual transform matrix;
quantizing the residual transformation matrix to obtain a quantized residual result;
rearranging and coding the quantized residual error result to obtain residual error characters;
and entropy coding is carried out on the residual error characters to obtain the coded data of the at least one frame of video image.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the 4x4 pixel matrix of each frame of the video image comprises a 4x4 pixel matrix corresponding to luminance and a 4x4 pixel matrix corresponding to chrominance, and the residual transform matrix comprises a residual transform matrix of the 4x4 pixel matrix corresponding to luminance and a residual transform matrix of the 4x4 pixel matrix corresponding to chrominance, and wherein quantizing the residual transform matrix to obtain a quantized residual result comprises:
quantizing a residual transformation matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the brightness by using a first quantization table to obtain a first quantization result;
quantizing a residual transformation matrix of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix corresponding to the chromaticity by using a second quantization table to obtain a second quantization result;
wherein the quantized residual result comprises the first quantization result and the second quantization result.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said re-encoding the quantized residual result to obtain residual characters comprises:
rearranging and coding the first quantization result and the second quantization result respectively by adopting a flexible macro block arrangement algorithm to obtain residual characters corresponding to brightness and residual characters corresponding to chroma;
the entropy encoding of the residual characters to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image includes:
and entropy coding is carried out on the residual error characters corresponding to the brightness and the residual error characters corresponding to the chroma, so as to obtain the coded data of the at least one frame of video image.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the residual characters comprise trailing coefficients and non-zero coefficients, and wherein entropy encoding the residual characters to obtain encoded data for the at least one frame of video image comprises:
carrying out sign XOR encryption on the trailing coefficient and the non-zero coefficient in the residual error character by adopting a sign key to obtain an encrypted residual error character;
and encoding the encrypted residual characters, the number of the trailing coefficients and the number of the non-zero coefficients to obtain encoded data of the at least one frame of video image.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a first buffer unit and a second buffer unit, the first buffer unit stores therein a first prediction mode of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix located above a 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, the second buffer unit stores therein a second prediction mode of a 4 × 4 pixel matrix located to the left of the 4 × 4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted, and the inter-prediction or intra-prediction is performed on each of the 4 × 4 pixel matrices to obtain a prediction result, comprising:
determining a target prediction mode of a 4x4 pixel matrix to be currently predicted based on the first prediction mode and the second prediction mode;
and carrying out intra-frame prediction on the 4x4 pixel matrix to be predicted at present based on the target prediction mode to obtain a prediction result.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:
a first acquisition mode for acquiring at least one frame of video image;
the dividing module is used for dividing each frame of video image in the at least one frame of video image into a plurality of macro blocks and dividing each macro block in the plurality of macro blocks into a plurality of 4 multiplied by 4 pixel matrixes;
the prediction module is used for carrying out inter-frame prediction or intra-frame prediction on each 4x4 pixel matrix in the plurality of 4x4 pixel matrixes to obtain a prediction result;
a second obtaining module, configured to obtain a residual coefficient matrix of each 4 × 4 pixel matrix based on each 4 × 4 pixel matrix and a prediction result corresponding to each 4 × 4 pixel matrix;
and the third acquisition module is used for acquiring the encoded data of the at least one frame of video image based on the residual coefficient matrix of the 4x4 pixel matrix of each frame of video image.
10. An electronic device, comprising: memory, processor and program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which when executed by the processor implements the steps in the video encoding method of any of claims 1 to 8.
11. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps in the video coding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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