CN110958304A - Time division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay Internet of things low-power-consumption transmission method - Google Patents

Time division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay Internet of things low-power-consumption transmission method Download PDF

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CN110958304A
CN110958304A CN201911110506.7A CN201911110506A CN110958304A CN 110958304 A CN110958304 A CN 110958304A CN 201911110506 A CN201911110506 A CN 201911110506A CN 110958304 A CN110958304 A CN 110958304A
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things
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CN110958304B (en
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贾杰
陈剑
王兴伟
张明洋
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Northeastern University China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/46—TPC being performed in particular situations in multi hop networks, e.g. wireless relay networks

Abstract

The invention provides a time division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay-oriented low-power-consumption transmission method for an internet of things, and relates to the technical field of the internet of things. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a plurality of relay nodes are deployed in a traditional Internet of things system, and an optimal data transmission model of energy-carrying transmission relays based on time division in the Internet of things is constructed; in the constructed data transmission model, the Internet of things node selects a unique relay node, and the relay node completes data forwarding; meanwhile, in order to avoid transmission interference, different transmission channels are set in and between the relay points, and the Internet of things nodes in the same relay coverage area communicate in a time slot multiplexing mode; and finally, optimizing parameters in the constructed optimal data transmission model by adopting a time division relay-based parameter optimization method. The method can improve the network performance to the greatest extent, and effectively makes up for the defects of the traditional relay communication on the basis of reducing the energy consumption of the nodes of the Internet of things.

Description

Time division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay Internet of things low-power-consumption transmission method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things, in particular to a time division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay Internet of things low-power-consumption transmission method.
Background
Rapid advances in semiconductor technology, microsystems technology, modern networks, and short-range wireless communication technology have facilitated the generation and development of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, due to the limited resource and energy characteristics of the nodes of the internet of things and the multi-hop transmission characteristics of the internet of things system, how to maximally prolong the service life of the network becomes a critical problem that needs to be actually solved in the application trend of the internet of things. Wireless energy-carrying communication (SWIPT) is a novel Wireless communication mode, and can transmit data and energy at the same time, so that energy consumption of traditional Wireless communication is effectively reduced, and the possibility of improving the performance of an internet of things system is provided.
The wireless energy-carrying communication based on time division is one of typical implementation manners of SWIPT, and the communication manner generally divides a data transmission period into three time periods of energy transmission, data receiving and data forwarding, wherein the energy transmission is used for receiving charging electric energy from a source node, the data receiving is used for receiving data from the source node, and the data forwarding completes the forwarding of the received data based on the received energy.
Cooperative communication based on the relay node becomes a typical method for improving performance in the internet of things, and compared with a traditional communication mode, the relay communication can remarkably reduce the communication distance of a network, so that the survival time of the network is prolonged. However, after the relay node is introduced, the relay node needs to receive and forward data at the same time, so that the relay node has higher energy consumption than the conventional node, and further, the performance of the network is severely limited by the relay bearer energy, and becomes a bottleneck of the network performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a time division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay-oriented internet of things low-power-consumption transmission method, aiming at the defects of the prior art, and effectively improve the transmission performance of the internet of things.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the time division wireless energy-carrying transmission relay-oriented low-power-consumption transmission method for the Internet of things comprises two parts of constructing an optimal data transmission model based on time division energy-carrying transmission relays in the Internet of things and optimizing parameters in the constructed optimal data transmission model by adopting a time division relay-based parameter optimization method;
the specific method for constructing the optimal data transmission model based on the time division energy-carrying transmission relay in the Internet of things comprises the following steps:
deploying a plurality of relay nodes in a traditional Internet of things system; after the relay nodes are deployed, the Internet of things nodes select the only relay node, and the relay nodes finish data forwarding; the relay node serves an Internet of things node in the Internet of things system and is connected with the only sink node; representing the set of the relay points as R ═ {1, 2 …, R }, wherein R is the total number of the relay points deployed in the Internet of things system; the node set of the internet of things is S ═ 1, 2, …, S }, and S is the total number of the nodes of the internet of things in the internet of things system; the only convergent node in the Internet of things system is S0And S ∈ S and S0The direct communication between the relay nodes needs the relay point R to be supported by the R; in order to reduce the communication distance of the nodes of the Internet of things, the relay node closest to the nodes of the Internet of things is selected as the forwarding relay of the relay node, and the node set of the Internet of things defining the service of the relay node r is represented as Ur(ii) a Each node of the Internet of things can be set to be served by only one relay point, and one relay point serves a plurality of nodes of the Internet of things, so that
Figure BDA0002272565960000021
And is
Figure BDA0002272565960000022
For each relay point, the transmission time block is normalized to T1, a part α T of the transmission time block is used for energy collection, wherein α is a time allocation factor and 0 ≦ α ≦ 1, the rest time is used for data transmission, wherein the first rest time block ρ T is used for data transmission of the coverage node in the relay, wherein ρ is also a time allocation factor and 0 ≦ ρ ≦ 1, and the second rest time block (1- α)Rho) T completes the forwarding of data based on the energy collected in α T time, meanwhile, in order to avoid the interference of transmission, different transmission channels are set to be adopted inside the relay point and between the relay points, the Internet of things nodes in the same relay coverage range communicate in a time slot multiplexing mode, and the time for transmitting uplink data of each Internet of things node to the relay point is
Figure BDA0002272565960000023
Wherein | UrI is the number of nodes of the Internet of things covered by the relay point r;
the specific method for optimizing the parameters in the constructed optimal data transmission model by adopting the time division relay-based parameter optimization method comprises the following steps:
step1, inputting preset energy collection time α T ═ σ T, relay node data transmission time ρ T ═ σ T, σ is an initial minimum value preset by a time distribution factor, and a minimum transmission rate requirement R of each internet of things nodemSetting each node u of the Internet of thingsrInitial minimum transmission power of
Figure BDA0002272565960000024
Is a node u of the Internet of thingsrThe maximum transmission power of;
step2, solving the node u of the Internet of things served by the relay point r based on the energy collection time α Tr∈UrOptimum communication power of
Figure BDA0002272565960000025
The specific method comprises the following steps:
step2.1. calculating node u of Internet of thingsrThe value of the uplink transmission rate is shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002272565960000026
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002272565960000027
is a node u of the Internet of thingsrW is the bandwidth of the unit channel，
Figure BDA0002272565960000028
Is a node u of the Internet of thingsrTransmission fading parameter, N, with relay point r0Is the noise power;
step2.2. according to the lowest transmission rate requirement R of the nodes of the Internet of thingsmConstructing a forwarding rate constraint of the relay node r, namely that the data volume transmitted to the relay node is not less than the data volume originally transmitted to the sink node, wherein the following formula is shown:
Figure BDA0002272565960000029
step2.3, solving the node u of the Internet of things according to the forwarding rate constraint of the relay node rrOptimum transmission power of
Figure BDA00022725659600000210
As shown in the following equation:
Figure BDA0002272565960000031
step3. according to
Figure BDA0002272565960000032
α and ρ solve the forwarding rate γ of the relayrThe specific method comprises the following steps:
step3.1. solving the stored energy E of the relay point rrThe following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002272565960000033
wherein λ is the energy storage efficiency of the relay point;
step3.2. solving the Transmission Power P of the Relay Point rrThe following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002272565960000034
step3.3 calculates the forwarding rate gamma of the relay point rrThe following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002272565960000035
wherein Hr，sThe transmission fading parameters from the relay point r to the sink node;
step4. judging the forwarding rate gamma of the relay point rrWhether the following rate constraint is satisfied, that is, the data volume forwarded by the relay point is greater than the data volume generated by all the nodes of the internet of things, is shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002272565960000036
if the rate constraint is satisfied, then determining whether the rate constraint is satisfied
Figure BDA0002272565960000037
If so, setting the node u of the Internet of thingsrMinimum power of
Figure BDA0002272565960000038
Optimal value α of time allocation factoroptimal＝α，ρoptimalThen Step5 is executed, otherwise Step5 is executed directly;
if the rate constraint is not satisfied, directly execute Step 5;
step5, updating α to α + σ, and judging whether α is larger than 1- ρ, if yes, executing Step6, otherwise, executing Step2 again;
and Step6, updating rho to rho + sigma, judging whether rho is larger than 1, if so, completing parameter optimization in the optimal data transmission model, and otherwise, executing Step2 again.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: according to the time division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay-oriented Internet of things low-power-consumption transmission method, the relay node does not need to carry energy, data forwarding is completed mainly based on the obtained energy, and energy limitation constraint is effectively avoided, so that network performance can be improved to the maximum extent finally, and the defects of traditional relay communication are effectively overcome on the basis of reducing energy consumption of the Internet of things node; the method can be directly applied to network repair of the traditional Internet of things, and when the traditional Internet of things is faced with the situation that the Internet of things nodes and the sink nodes cannot communicate, the interconnection and the intercommunication of data can be directly completed after the relay deployment of the method is adopted.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of relaying data transmission by time division according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an optimal data transmission model of a time-division-based energy-carrying transmission relay according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart for optimizing parameters in a constructed optimal data transmission model by using a time division relay-based parameter optimization method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a variation curve of the distribution factor value of the total relay transmission power with time under different minimum transmission rate requirements according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph comparing the total transmission power at different transmission rates in the optimal data transmission model according to the present invention and the conventional direct transmission model.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the embodiment, the time division wireless energy-carrying transmission relay-oriented low-power-consumption transmission method for the internet of things comprises two parts of constructing an optimal data transmission model based on time division energy-carrying transmission relays in the internet of things and optimizing parameters in the constructed optimal data transmission model by adopting a time division relay-based parameter optimization method;
the specific method for constructing the optimal data transmission model based on the time division energy-carrying transmission relay in the Internet of things comprises the following steps:
if the system is deployed in the traditional Internet of things systemA dry relay node; after the relay nodes are deployed, the Internet of things nodes select the only relay node, and the relay nodes finish data forwarding; the relay node serves an Internet of things node in the Internet of things system and is connected with the only sink node; representing the set of the relay points as R ═ {1, 2 …, R }, wherein R is the total number of the relay points deployed in the Internet of things system; the node set of the internet of things is S ═ 1, 2, …, S }, and S is the total number of the nodes of the internet of things in the internet of things system; the only convergent node in the Internet of things system is S0And S ∈ S and S0The direct communication between the relay nodes needs the relay point R to be supported by the R; in order to reduce the communication distance of the nodes of the Internet of things, the relay node closest to the nodes of the Internet of things is selected as the forwarding relay of the nodes of the Internet of things, and the set of nodes of the Internet of things defining the service of the relay node r is represented as Ur(ii) a Each node of the Internet of things is set to be served by only one relay point, so that
Figure BDA0002272565960000041
And is
Figure BDA0002272565960000042
For each relay point, the transmission time block is normalized to be T-1, as shown in FIG. 1, a part α T of the transmission time block is used for energy collection, wherein α is a time distribution factor, and 0 ≤ α ≤ 1, the remaining part of time is used for data transmission, wherein the first remaining time block ρ T is used for data transmission of the coverage node in the relay, ρ is also a time distribution factor, and 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 1, the second remaining time block (1- α - ρ) T completes data forwarding based on the energy collected in α T time, and meanwhile, in order to avoid interference of transmission, different transmission channels are set inside the relay point and between the relay points, and the internet-of-things nodes in the same relay coverage range communicate in a time slot multiplexing manner, and the time for each internet-of-things node to transmit uplink data to the relay point is
Figure BDA0002272565960000043
Wherein | UrI is the number of nodes of the Internet of things covered by the relay point r;
this implementationIn the example, the constructed optimal data transmission model is shown in fig. 2, in the figure, a five-pointed star is a sink node of an internet of things system, a square node is a relay node, and a round node is an internet of things node. And data is transmitted to the macro base station from the node of the Internet of things through the relay node in two hops. The distance between the Internet of things node and the relay node is l1The distance between the relay node and the macro base station is l2. It is assumed here that distances between all internet of things nodes and relay nodes are the same, and distances between the relay nodes and macro base stations are the same. In addition, the path loss between two nodes is | l--dDWhere l is the inter-node distance, dD is the path loss exponent, and the subcarrier bandwidth W is set to 20.
The method for optimizing the parameters in the constructed optimal data transmission model by adopting the time division relay-based parameter optimization method as shown in fig. 3 comprises the following steps:
step1, inputting preset energy collection time α T ═ σ T, relay node data transmission time ρ T ═ σ T, and σ is an initial minimum value preset by a time distribution factor, in the embodiment, σ ═ 0.05, and a minimum transmission rate requirement R of each internet of things nodemSetting each node u of the Internet of thingsrInitial minimum transmission power of
Figure BDA0002272565960000051
Is a node u of the Internet of thingsrThe maximum transmission power of;
step2, solving the node u of the Internet of things served by the relay point r based on the energy collection time α Tr∈UrOptimum communication power ofThe specific method comprises the following steps:
step2.1. calculating node u of Internet of thingsrThe value of the uplink transmission rate is shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002272565960000053
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002272565960000054
is a node u of the Internet of thingsrW is the bandwidth of the unit channel,
Figure BDA0002272565960000055
is a node u of the Internet of thingsrTransmission fading parameter, N, with relay point r0Is the noise power;
step2.2. according to the lowest transmission rate requirement R of the nodes of the Internet of thingsmConstructing a forwarding rate constraint of the relay node r, namely the number of the plays transmitted to the relay node is not less than the data amount originally transmitted to the sink node, and the following formula is shown:
Figure BDA0002272565960000056
step2.3, solving the node u of the Internet of things according to the forwarding rate constraint of the relay node rrOptimum transmission power of
Figure BDA0002272565960000057
As shown in the following equation:
Figure BDA0002272565960000058
step3. according to
Figure BDA0002272565960000059
α and ρ solve the forwarding rate γ of the relayrThe specific method comprises the following steps:
step3.1. solving the stored energy E of the relay point rrThe following formula shows:
Figure BDA00022725659600000510
wherein λ is the energy storage efficiency of the relay point;
step3.2. solving the Transmission Power P of the Relay Point rrThe following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002272565960000061
step3.3 calculates the forwarding rate gamma of the relay point rrThe following formula shows:
Figure BDA0002272565960000062
wherein Hr，sThe transmission fading parameters from the relay point r to the sink node;
step4. judging the forwarding rate gamma of the relay point rrWhether the following rate constraint is satisfied, that is, the data volume forwarded by the relay point is greater than the data volume generated by all the nodes of the internet of things, is shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002272565960000063
if the rate constraint is satisfied, then determining whether the rate constraint is satisfied
Figure BDA0002272565960000064
If so, setting the node u of the Internet of thingsrMinimum power of
Figure BDA0002272565960000065
Optimal value α of time allocation factoroptimal＝α，ρoptimalThen Step5 is executed, otherwise Step5 is executed directly;
if the rate constraint is not satisfied, directly execute Step 5;
step5, updating α to α + σ, and judging whether α is larger than 1- ρ, if yes, executing Step6, otherwise, executing Step2 again;
and Step6, updating rho to rho + sigma, judging whether rho is larger than 1, if so, completing parameter optimization in the optimal data transmission model, and otherwise, executing Step2 again.
In this embodiment, the total relay transmission power varies with the time allocation factor α value under different minimum transmission rate requirementsThe curve of the chemograph is shown in FIG. 4. At this time, the noise power N0Is arranged as 10-3The distance l is 2, the number of subcarriers is 3, and the network is divided into 3 clusters based on the number of subcarriers, the path loss exponent dD is set to 2.2, and the λ value is set to 0.9. As can be seen from the figure, no matter the minimum transmission rate requirement RmWhen the time allocation factor α is between 0.55 and 0.6, the power consumption of the internet of things system can reach the lowest value.
In this embodiment, a comparison graph of total transmission power at different transmission rates in the optimal data transmission model and the conventional direct transmission model is also shown when the internet of things node distance l is 2, as shown in fig. 5. At this time, it is assumed that the environmental noise N0Is arranged as 10-3The path loss exponent dD is set to 2.2. As can be seen from the figure, the energy-carrying based relay transmission of the present invention is more energy efficient than the conventional direct transmission.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A time division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay Internet of things low-power-consumption transmission method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of constructing an optimal data transmission model based on time division energy-carrying transmission relays in the Internet of things and optimizing parameters in the constructed optimal data transmission model by adopting a parameter optimization method based on time division relays;
the specific method for constructing the optimal data transmission model based on the time division energy-carrying transmission relay in the Internet of things comprises the following steps:
deploying a plurality of relay nodes in a traditional Internet of things system; when the relay nodes are deployed, the Internet of things nodes select the only relay nodeAnd the relay node completes the data forwarding; the relay node serves an Internet of things node in the Internet of things system and is connected with the only sink node; representing the set of the relay points as R ═ {1, 2 …, R }, wherein R is the total number of the relay points deployed in the Internet of things system; the node set of the internet of things is S ═ 1, 2, …, S }, and S is the total number of the nodes of the internet of things in the internet of things system; the only convergent node in the Internet of things system is S0And S ∈ S and S0The direct communication between the relay nodes needs the relay point R to be supported by the R; in order to reduce the communication distance of the nodes of the Internet of things, the relay node closest to the nodes of the Internet of things is selected as the forwarding relay of the relay node, and the node set of the Internet of things defining the service of the relay node r is represented as Ur(ii) a Each node of the Internet of things can be set to be served by only one relay point, and one relay point serves a plurality of nodes of the Internet of things, so that
Figure FDA0002272565950000011
And is
Figure FDA0002272565950000012
Setting a transmission time block of each relay point to be normalized to be T-1, wherein part α T of the transmission time block is used for energy collection, α is a time distribution factor, 0 is more than or equal to α is less than or equal to 1, the rest time is used for data transmission, wherein the first rest time block rho T is used for data transmission of a coverage node in the relay, rho is also a time distribution factor, 0 is more than or equal to rho and less than or equal to 1, the second rest time block (1- α -rho) T completes data forwarding based on the energy collected in α T time, meanwhile, in order to avoid transmission interference, different transmission channels are set inside the relay points and among the relay points, the Internet of things nodes in the same relay coverage range communicate in a time slot multiplexing mode, and the time for transmitting uplink data of each node to the relay point is the Internet of things
Figure FDA0002272565950000013
Wherein | UrAnd | is the number of nodes of the internet of things covered by the relay point r.
2. The time-division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay internet of things low-power-consumption transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific method for optimizing the parameters in the constructed optimal data transmission model by adopting the time division relay-based parameter optimization method comprises the following steps:
step1, inputting preset energy collection time α T ═ σ T, relay node data transmission time ρ T ═ σ T, σ is an initial minimum value preset by a time distribution factor, and a minimum transmission rate requirement R of each internet of things nodemSetting each node u of the Internet of thingsrInitial minimum transmission power of
Figure FDA0002272565950000014
Figure FDA0002272565950000015
Is a node u of the Internet of thingsrThe maximum transmission power of;
step2, solving the node u of the Internet of things served by the relay point r based on the energy collection time α Tr∈UrOptimum communication power of
Figure FDA0002272565950000016
Step3. according to
Figure FDA0002272565950000017
α and ρ solve the forwarding rate γ of the relayr；
Step4. judging the forwarding rate gamma of the relay point rrWhether the following rate constraint is satisfied, that is, the data volume forwarded by the relay point is greater than the data volume generated by all the nodes of the internet of things, is shown in the following formula:
Figure FDA0002272565950000021
if the rate constraint is satisfied, then determining whether the rate constraint is satisfied
Figure FDA0002272565950000022
If so, setting the node u of the Internet of thingsrMinimum power of
Figure FDA0002272565950000023
Optimal value α of time allocation factoroptimal＝α，ρoptimalThen Step5 is executed, otherwise Step5 is executed directly;
if the rate constraint is not satisfied, directly execute Step 5;
step5, updating α to α + σ, and judging whether α is larger than 1- ρ, if yes, executing Step6, otherwise, executing Step2 again;
and Step6, updating rho to rho + sigma, judging whether rho is larger than 1, if so, completing parameter optimization in the optimal data transmission model, and otherwise, executing Step2 again.
3. The time-division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay internet of things low-power-consumption transmission method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specific method of Step2 comprises the following steps:
step2.1. calculating node u of Internet of thingsrThe value of the uplink transmission rate is shown in the following formula:
Figure FDA0002272565950000024
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002272565950000025
is a node u of the Internet of thingsrW is the bandwidth of the unit channel,
Figure FDA0002272565950000026
is a node u of the Internet of thingsrTransmission fading parameter, N, with relay point r0Is the noise power;
step2.2. according to the lowest transmission rate requirement R of the nodes of the Internet of thingsmConstructing a forwarding rate constraint for the relay node r, i.e.The amount of data transmitted to the relay is not less than the amount of data originally transmitted to the sink node, as shown in the following formula:
Figure FDA0002272565950000027
step2.3, solving the node u of the Internet of things according to the forwarding rate constraint of the relay node rrOptimum transmission power of
Figure FDA0002272565950000028
As shown in the following equation:
Figure FDA0002272565950000029
4. the time-division-oriented wireless energy-carrying transmission relay internet of things low-power-consumption transmission method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the specific method of Step3 comprises the following steps:
step3.1. solving the stored energy E of the relay point rrThe following formula shows:
Figure FDA00022725659500000210
wherein λ is the energy storage efficiency of the relay point;
step3.2. solving the Transmission Power P of the Relay Point rrThe following formula shows:
Figure FDA0002272565950000031
step3.3 calculates the forwarding rate gamma of the relay point rrThe following formula shows:
Figure FDA0002272565950000032
wherein Hr，sBetween relay point r and sink nodeAnd transmitting the fading parameters.
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