CN110957780A - Energy storage battery power distribution method based on AGC - Google Patents
Energy storage battery power distribution method based on AGC Download PDFInfo
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- CN110957780A CN110957780A CN201911192571.9A CN201911192571A CN110957780A CN 110957780 A CN110957780 A CN 110957780A CN 201911192571 A CN201911192571 A CN 201911192571A CN 110957780 A CN110957780 A CN 110957780A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage battery power distribution method based on AGC, which comprises the following steps: s1, dividing a battery into a class I battery and a class II battery according to a residual electric quantity SOC reference value; s2, judging the charge-discharge state of the battery, and performing charge and discharge treatment on the battery; s3, preferentially charging the class I battery in a charging mode; and S4, preferentially discharging the II-type battery in a discharging mode. The energy storage battery power distribution method based on AGC can reasonably distribute charging and discharging power of each battery, and achieves the purposes of balancing the SOC of the batteries and prolonging the service life of the batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy storage batteries, in particular to an energy storage battery power distribution method based on AGC.
Background
Along with the continuous development of society, the scale of a power grid is gradually increased, and in the power grid, the scale of an energy storage battery system is huge, so if the energy storage battery system is subjected to charge and discharge control in a traditional mode, the waste of resources and the increase of cost can be caused. If the charge-discharge power distributed to the battery is unreasonable, the service life of the battery is shortened, and the charge-discharge energy efficiency of the whole energy storage battery system is further influenced.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, there is a need for an energy storage battery power distribution method based on AGC, which can reasonably distribute charging and discharging power to each battery, so as to achieve the purposes of balancing the SOC of the battery and prolonging the service life of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an energy storage battery power allocation method based on AGC, which can allocate charging and discharging power of each battery reasonably, so as to balance the SOC of the battery and prolong the service life of the battery.
The invention discloses an energy storage battery power distribution method based on AGC, which comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a residual electric quantity SOC reference value S of a batteryocrefThe remaining capacity SOC is less than or equal to the reference value SocrefThe battery is used as a class I battery, and the SOC of the residual electric quantity is larger than a reference value SocrefThe battery of (2) is used as a class II battery;
s2, judging the charging and discharging state of the current battery, and entering the step S3 when the battery is controlled to be charged; when controlling the battery to discharge, proceed to step S4;
s3, charging the battery, comprising the following steps:
s31, calculating the maximum power P borne by each battery in the I-type batteriescmax,jTo obtain the sum of the maximum power which can be borne by the I-type battery
Wherein m is the number of the I-type batteries; j is the jth battery in the I-type batteries;
s32, setting the instruction power PΣSum of maximum power allocated to class I batteryMake a comparison ifStep S321 is entered; if it is notStep S322 is entered;
s321, performing power distribution processing on each battery of the I-type batteries, wherein the power distribution processing comprises the following steps:
s321-1, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E of each battery of the I-type batteriescdev;
S321-2, according to the offset reference value, electric quantity EcdevCalculating the power P that each battery in the class I battery can obtain from the command powercj;
S322, the power distribution processing is carried out on each battery in the I-type batteries and the II-type batteries, and the method comprises the following steps:
s322-1, determining the total power capable of being borne by the class I battery, and taking the difference value of the instruction power and the total power as the distributable power of the class II battery;
s322-2, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E 'of each battery of II batteries'cdevAccording to offset reference value electric quantity E'cdevCalculating Power P 'that can be obtained from the distributable Power for each of the class II batteries'cj;
S4, discharging the battery, comprising the following steps:
s41, calculating the maximum power P capable of being borne by each battery in the II batteriesdmax,jObtaining the sum of the maximum power which can be borne by the II-type battery
Wherein m is the number of the I-type batteries; n is the sum of the number of the I-type batteries and the II-type batteries; j is a battery label number of a class II battery;
s42, setting the instruction power PΣSum of maximum power allocated to class II batteryMake a comparison ifStep S421 is entered; if it is notStep S422 is entered;
s421, performing power distribution processing on each battery of the II-type batteries, comprising the following steps:
s421-1, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E of each battery of the II batteriesddev;
S421-2, according to the offset reference value, electric quantity EddevCalculating the power P that each battery in the class II batteries can obtain from the command powerdj;
S422, the power distribution processing is carried out on each battery in the II type batteries and the I type batteries, and the method comprises the following steps:
s422-1, determining the total power capable of being borne by the II-type battery, and taking the difference value of the instruction power and the total power as the distributable power of the I-type battery;
s422-2, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E 'of each battery of the I-type batteries'ddevAccording to offset reference value electric quantity E'ddevCalculating Power P 'that can be obtained from the distributable Power for each of the class I batteries'dj。
Further, in step S321-2, the power P allocated to each of the I-type batteries in the charging mode is determined according to the following formulacj:
Wherein E iscdev,jThe offset reference value electric quantity of the battery j in the I-type battery is obtained; m is the number of I-type batteries;the sum of the offset reference value electric quantity of each battery in the I-type batteries; pΣIs the commanded power.
Further, the offset reference value electric quantity E of the battery in the charging mode is determined according to the following formulacdev:
Ecdev=(Socref-Soc)Eact;
Wherein S isocrefThe reference value is the residual charge SOC of the battery; socThe value is the SOC value of the residual electric quantity of the battery; eactIs the actual capacity of the battery.
Further, in step S322-2, the power P 'allocated to each battery of the class II batteries in the charging mode is determined according to the following formula'cj:
Wherein, E'cdev,jThe offset reference value electric quantity of the battery j in the II type battery is obtained; m is the number of I-type batteries; n is the sum of the number of the I-type batteries and the II-type batteries; i is the battery label number of the II type battery;the sum of the absolute values of the offset reference values of the electric quantity of each battery in the class II batteries; delta PΣIs the commanded power allocated to the class ii battery.
Further, in step S321, when the allocated power exceeds the maximum power that the class i battery can bear, the power allocation is performed again on each battery of the class i battery, including the following steps:
s321a, calculating a class I battery set M according to the electric quantity proportion of the offset reference valueITemporary power each battery can obtain from the command power;
s321b, if the temporary power of the battery j in the I-type battery is larger than the maximum power that the battery j can bear, enabling the battery j to bear the power P according to the maximum powercmaxj,Charging and adjusting instruction power to P'ΣWherein, P'Σ=PΣ-Pcmaxj,While collecting battery j from class I battery set MIRemoving and adjusting the type I battery set toWhereinbjIs a battery j;
s321c, repeating the steps S321a to S321b until the class I battery set MIUntil the battery with temporary power exceeding the maximum power capable of bearing the battery no longer appears, the battery is assembled from the I-type batteriesIBattery composition set with rejected batteries
S321d. I type battery setThe battery in (1) is charged with the allocated temporary power, the class I battery setThe battery in (a) is charged at the maximum power that the battery can assume.
Further, in step S421, when the allocated power exceeds the maximum power that the class ii battery can bear, the power allocation is performed again on each battery of the class ii battery, including the following steps:
s421a, calculating a II-type battery set M according to the electric quantity proportion of the offset reference valueIITemporary power available from the command power for each battery;
S421b, if the temporary power of the battery j in the II type battery is larger than the maximum power which can be borne by the battery j, enabling the battery j to bear the power P according to the maximum powerdmaxj,Discharging and adjusting the instruction power to P'ΣWherein, P'Σ=PΣ-Pdmaxj,While battery j is aggregated from class II battery set MIRemoving and adjusting the II-type battery set toWhereinbjIs a battery j;
s421c, repeating the steps S421a to S421b until the group II battery set MIIUntil the battery with temporary power exceeding the maximum power capable of bearing the battery no longer appears, the battery is assembled from the II-type batteries MIIBattery composition set with rejected batteries
Set of S421dThe battery in (1) is discharged with the allocated temporary power, and the group II battery setThe cell in (a) is discharged at the maximum power that the cell can assume.
Further, when the battery is charged or discharged, the power distribution is carried out on the battery, and when the power distributed to the battery is smaller than the set minimum power and the set command power can ensure that each battery works at the minimum power, the power distribution is carried out on the battery according to the following steps:
a. calculating the temporary power which can be obtained from the command power by each battery according to the electric quantity proportion of the offset reference value;
b. comparing the temporary power of the batteries with the set minimum power, forming the batteries with the temporary power lower than the minimum power into a battery set K, and forming the batteries with the temporary power not lower than the minimum power into a battery set L;
c. performing difference calculation on the minimum power and the temporary power of the battery j in the battery set K to obtain difference power delta P 'needing to be supplemented to the battery j'caljSumming the difference power of each battery in the battery set K to obtain the total power P' to be supplemented to the battery set K:
wherein, delta P'caljIs calculated as delta P'calj=Pmin-Pcalj;PcaljIs the temporary power allocated to battery j; pminA minimum power to operate for the battery; m is the number of batteries in the battery set K;
d. calculating the reduction power P of the battery i in the battery set L according to the proportion of the temporary poweri xAccording to the power P cut down of the battery i in the battery set Li xCalculating the residual power P 'of the battery i in the battery set L'i:
P'i=Pcali-Pi x;
Wherein, Pi xIs calculated by the formulaPcaliIs the temporary power allocated to battery i;the sum of the temporary power of each battery in the battery set L;
e. if the remaining power P of the battery i in the battery set Li'below minimum Power, then operate Battery i at minimum Power and adjust Total Power to supplement Battery set K to P'newWherein, P'new=P'-(Pcali-Pmin) (ii) a At the same timeRemoving the battery i from the battery set L and adjusting the battery set to be L ', wherein L' ═ L- { bi},biIs a battery i;
f. repeating the steps d to e until batteries with residual power lower than the minimum power do not appear in the battery set L, and merging the batteries removed from the battery set L into a battery set K to form a set K';
g. the batteries in battery set L 'operate at a remaining power and the batteries in battery set K' operate at a minimum power.
Further, when the battery is charged or discharged, the power distribution is carried out on the battery, and when the power distributed to the battery is smaller than the set minimum power and the set command power can not ensure that each battery works at the minimum power, the power distribution is carried out on the battery according to the following steps:
A. the distribution power x of the battery and the switch state y of the battery are taken as parameters to construct a distribution model M0:
Wherein, w1A battery switch state change weight; w is a2Balancing influence weights occupied by the residual electric quantity SOC; w is a3Cost weighting for power variations; SOCrefIs a residual capacity SOC reference value;the current residual capacity SOC value of the battery i is obtained; pcomIs the set command power; x is the number ofiAllocating power for battery i; y isiIs the on-off state of battery i; pmin,iIs the minimum power of battery i; pmax,iThe maximum power that can be borne by the battery i;the current switch state of the battery i; pi 0The current power of the battery i; SOCiThe SOC value of the residual electric quantity of the battery i at the next moment is calculated under the power work calculated by the power distribution strategy, and the SOC valuei:Δ t is the time interval between adjacent moments; eact,iIs the actual capacity of battery i;
B. assignment of model M by adding temporary variables0Processing to obtain a distribution model M1:
Wherein, w1A battery switch state change weight; omegaiIs a parameter related to the on-off state of the battery, andw2balancing influence weights occupied by the residual electric quantity SOC; z is a radical ofiIs a parameter related to a remaining charge SOC value of the battery, and zi=|SOCi-SOCref|;w3Cost weighting for power variations; k is a radical ofiIs a parameter related to battery power, and ki=|Pi 0-xi|;SOCrefIs a residual capacity SOC reference value;the current residual capacity SOC value of the battery i is obtained; pcomIs the set command power; x is the number ofiIs the power of battery i; y isiIs the on-off state of battery i; pmin,iIs the minimum power of battery i; pmax,iThe maximum power that can be borne by the battery i; y isiIs the on-off state of battery i;the current switch state of the battery i; pi 0The current power of the battery i; eact,iIs the actual capacity of battery i;
C. adjusting an assignment model M1The distribution model obtains the minimum value, and the power set when the distribution model obtains the minimum value is used as the distribution power of the battery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses an energy storage battery power distribution method based on AGC, which optimally controls an energy storage battery by considering factors influencing the condition of the energy storage battery, such as the upper and lower power limits of the energy storage battery, historical charging and discharging mileage, switching change times, battery power change degree and the like, so as to achieve the purposes of balancing the SOC of the battery and prolonging the service life of the battery.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a control strategy for charging and discharging a battery according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
the invention discloses an energy storage battery power distribution method based on AGC, which comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a residual electric quantity SOC reference value S of a batteryocrefThe remaining capacity SOC is less than or equal to the reference value SocrefThe battery is used as a class I battery, and the SOC of the residual electric quantity is larger than a reference value SocrefThe battery of (2) is used as a class II battery;
s2, judging the charging and discharging state of the current battery, and entering the step S3 when the battery is controlled to be charged; when controlling the battery to discharge, proceed to step S4;
s3, charging the battery, comprising the following steps:
s31, calculating the maximum power P borne by each battery in the I-type batteriescmax,jTo obtain the sum of the maximum power which can be borne by the I-type battery
Wherein m is the number of the I-type batteries; j is the jth battery in the I-type batteries;
s32, setting the instruction power PΣSum of maximum power allocated to class I batteryMake a comparison ifStep S321 is entered; if it is notStep S322 is entered;
s321, performing power distribution processing on each battery of the I-type batteries, wherein the power distribution processing comprises the following steps:
s321-1, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E of each battery of the I-type batteriescdev;
S321-2, according to the offset reference value, electric quantity EcdevCalculating the power P that each battery in the class I battery can obtain from the command powercj;
S322, the power distribution processing is carried out on each battery in the I-type batteries and the II-type batteries, and the method comprises the following steps:
s322-1, determining the total power capable of being borne by the class I battery, and taking the difference value of the instruction power and the total power as the distributable power of the class II battery;
s322-2, calculating the deviation of each battery of the II batteriesReference value electric quantity E'cdevAccording to offset reference value electric quantity E'cdevCalculating Power P 'that can be obtained from the distributable Power for each of the class II batteries'cj;
S4, discharging the battery, comprising the following steps:
s41, calculating the maximum power P capable of being borne by each battery in the II batteriesdmax,jObtaining the sum of the maximum power which can be borne by the II-type battery
Wherein m is the number of the I-type batteries; n is the sum of the number of the I-type batteries and the II-type batteries; j is the battery label number of the II type battery;
s42, setting the instruction power PΣSum of maximum power allocated to class II batteryMake a comparison ifStep S421 is entered; if it is notStep S422 is entered;
s421, performing power distribution processing on each battery of the II-type batteries, comprising the following steps:
s421-1, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E of each battery of the II batteriesddev;
S421-2, according to the offset reference value, electric quantity EddevCalculating the power P that each battery in the class II batteries can obtain from the command powerdj;
S422, the power distribution processing is carried out on each battery in the II-type batteries and the I-type batteries, and the method comprises the following steps:
s422-1, determining the total power capable of being borne by the II-type battery, and taking the difference value of the instruction power and the total power as the distributable power of the I-type battery;
s422-2, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E 'of each battery of the I-type batteries'ddevAccording to offset reference value electric quantity E'ddevCalculating Power P 'that can be obtained from the distributable Power for each of the class I batteries'dj。
The energy storage battery mainly comprises a lead-acid battery, a lithium ion battery, a flow battery, a sodium-sulfur battery and the like. In a system related to an energy storage battery, a master station issues an AGC instruction to distribute power to batteries in a set; it has two units to establish in the energy storage battery system, has 6 batteries under every unit, and the AGC instruction that master station issued can be divided into 3 types: (1) unit 1# frequency modulation: power of instruction PΣThe distribution is completed among the 6 batteries of the unit 1; (2) unit 2# frequency modulation: power of instruction PΣThe distribution is completed among the 6 batteries of the unit 2; (3) independent frequency modulation of the unit: the instruction power respectively received by the two machine groups is PΣ1And PΣ2And the distribution is respectively completed between 3 batteries of the two units.
Wherein, the (1) type instruction and the (2) type instruction use the same logic, and each type of instruction is divided into 2 directions, namely charging and discharging; in the type (3) instruction, the directions of the instructions received by the two units are generally consistent, so the type (3) instruction can be regarded as executing two parallel types (1) and (2) instructions. The charging and discharging of the same type of command has the same control principle and has little influence on the whole control logic, and the charging is mainly taken as an example to describe each embodiment.
Before the battery is charged (discharged), all available batteries are first found out and charged and discharged, and the evaluation criteria of the available batteries are as follows: for charging, the remaining charge SOC of the battery is lower than Socmax(upper limit threshold value socuppthreshold of battery remaining capacity SOC), the current state of the battery is normal; for discharging, the remaining charge SOC of the battery is higher than Socmin(lower limit threshold socdawnthreshold of battery remaining capacity SOC), the current state of the battery is normal.
In step S1, the battery has a fixed total charge/discharge mileage in general, and the life thereof is represented. After running the entire total mileage, the available capacity of the battery is generally considered to drop to 80% of the rated capacity. Therefore, during operation of the battery, the actual capacity of the battery is calculated by:
Eact=(1-0.2Mhis/M∑)Er
wherein M ishisThe historical charging and discharging mileage of the battery is obtained; m∑The total charge and discharge mileage of the battery is obtained; erIs the rated capacity of the battery;
in order to make the battery participate in frequency modulation for as long as possible, the available batteries can be divided into two types by setting a remaining capacity SOC reference value (such as 55%) of the battery, wherein the battery with the remaining capacity SOC below the SOC reference value is taken as a type I, and the battery with the remaining capacity SOC above the SOC reference value is taken as a type II. In order to balance the SOC as much as possible, the distributed power conditions of various batteries are analyzed by calculating the offset electric quantity of the battery from the reference value of the residual electric quantity SOC. For example, during charging, batteries with large offsets in class i allocate more power, and batteries with small offsets in class ii allocate more power. In the charging mode, the offset reference value electric quantity of the battery is calculated as follows:
Ecdev=(Socref-Soc)Eact
wherein E iscdevAn offset reference value electric quantity in a battery charging mode; socrefThe reference value is the residual charge SOC of the battery; socThe value is the SOC value of the residual electric quantity of the battery; eactIs the actual capacity of the battery.
Similarly, in the discharge mode, the offset reference charge of the battery is calculated as follows: eddev=(Soc-Socref)Eact;
Through the calculation, the electric quantity of the offset reference value of the class I battery is positive, and the electric quantity of the offset reference value of the class II battery is negative; numbering the batteries from large to small according to the offset reference value, wherein the number corresponding to the battery with positive offset reference value is 1-m, namely m batteries of the type I; the number m + 1-n corresponding to the battery with negative offset reference value electric quantity is n-m, namely the II type batteries are provided;
in step S2, according to the AGC command issued by the main station, the charging and discharging state of the battery is judged; the description will be made by taking charging of a battery as an example.
In step S3, in the charging mode, the power distribution is performed on the battery, which specifically includes the following steps:
s31, before power distribution, the maximum power which can be distributed to each battery is calculated firstly, the maximum power is determined by the maximum power of the energy storage converter PCS, and then the maximum charging power P of each battery in the I-type batteries is obtainedcmax,jFurther, the sum of the maximum charge power that the class I battery can bear is obtainedWherein m is the number of the I-type batteries; j is the jth battery in the I-type batteries;
s32, setting the instruction power PΣAnd the maximum charge power that can be assumed by the class I batteryComparing; if it is notIf the instruction power can be assumed without the class II battery, the step S321 is performed only by performing power allocation on the class i battery; if it is notExplaining that when the class I battery cannot meet the requirement of power distribution and needs the class II battery to bear the instruction power, the step S322 is performed;
s321, when the class II battery is not required to bear the instruction power, the charging power of each battery of the class I battery can be directly considered according to the offset reference value electric quantity EcdevIs allocated according to the power P determined by the following formulacjTo each cell:
wherein E iscdev,jThe offset reference value electric quantity of the battery j in the I-type battery is obtained; m is the number of I-type batteries;the sum of the offset reference value electric quantity of each battery in the I-type batteries; pΣIs the set command power;
in particular, when the allocated power exceeds the maximum power that can be borne by some of the i-type batteries, some of the i-type batteries must be operated according to the maximum power that can be borne by some of the i-type batteries, and another battery is operated according to the power obtained by offsetting the power of the reference value by a certain amount, the step S321 needs to be re-processed, that is, the power allocation process is performed on each battery of the i-type batteries again, and the method includes the following steps:
s321a, generating electric quantity E according to the offset reference valuecdevProportional calculation type I battery set MITemporary power P available from the command power for each batterytemp,j:
Wherein, P'ΣRepresenting the total power participating in the proportion allocation; mIRepresenting a set of batteries participating in the proportional allocation; at the beginning, MI{ all class i batteries participating in power allocation };
s321b, if the temporary power P of the battery j in the I-type batterytemp,jGreater than the maximum power P that can be borne by battery jcmax,jMake battery j bear power P according to maximumcmax,jCharging and adjusting instruction power to P'ΣWherein, P'Σ=PΣ-Pcmax,jWhile collecting battery j from class I battery set MIRemoving and adjusting the type I battery set toWhereinbjIs a battery j;
s321c, repeating the steps S321a to S321b until the class I battery set MIUntil the battery with temporary power exceeding the maximum power capable of bearing the battery no longer appears, the battery is assembled from the I-type batteriesIBattery composition set with rejected batteries
S321d. I type battery setThe battery in (1) is charged with the allocated temporary power, the class I battery setThe battery in (1) is charged at the maximum power that the battery can assume; that is, the calculated power allocated to the battery is represented by the following equation:
and S322, when the I-type battery can not meet the requirement of power distribution, the II-type battery is required to bear the instruction power. In particular, each cell in the class I cell is operated at maximum power Pcmax,jWorking to obtain the total power of the I-type batteryWill instruct power PΣThe difference value from the total power is used as the distributable power delta P of the II-type batterycΣI.e. can allocate power asThe control strategy of the charging power of each II-type battery is similar to that of the charging power of the similar I-type battery, and the charging power of each II-type battery can be considered because the total instruction power distributed by the II-type battery is smaller than the original instruction powerConsidering the electric quantity E 'according to the offset reference value under the condition of meeting the maximum charging power'cdevIs allocated, i.e. the power is allocated to the class ii battery according to the following formula:
wherein, | E'cdev,jI is the absolute value of the offset reference value electric quantity of the battery j in the battery II;the sum of absolute values of offset reference value electric quantities of all batteries in the II batteries is obtained; m is the number of I-type batteries; n is the sum of the number of the I-type batteries and the II-type batteries; i is the battery label number of the II type battery; e'cdevIs calculated bycdevThe same is true.
In step S4, in the discharging mode, the method allocates power to the battery, and specifically includes the following steps:
s41, before power distribution, the maximum power which can be distributed to each battery is calculated firstly, the maximum power is determined by the maximum power of the energy storage converter PCS, and then the maximum discharge power P of each battery in the II-type batteries is obtaineddmax,jFurther obtain the sum of the maximum discharge power that the class II battery can bearWherein m is the number of the II batteries; j is the jth battery in the II batteries;
s42, setting the instruction power PΣAnd the maximum discharge power allocated to the class II batteryComparing; if it is notIf the instruction power can be distributed without needing the I-type battery, the step S421 is performed only by distributing the power to the II-type battery; if it is notWhen the class ii battery cannot meet the requirement of power distribution and the class i battery is required to bear the instruction power, the process goes to step S422;
s421, when the I-type battery is not required to bear the instruction power, the discharge power of each battery of the II-type battery can be directly considered according to the offset reference value electric quantity EddevIs allocated according to the power P determined by the following formuladjTo each cell:
wherein E isddev,jOffset reference value electric quantity of battery j in II type battery; m is the number of the II batteries;the sum of the offset reference value electric quantity of each battery in the II type batteries; pΣIs the set command power;
particularly, when the allocated power exceeds the maximum power that can be borne by some of the class II batteries, some of the batteries must be operated according to the maximum power that can be borne, and the other batteries are operated according to the power obtained by offsetting the power of the reference value, the step S421 needs to be reprocessed, that is, the power allocation processing is performed on each battery of the class II batteries again, and the allocation principle is the same as the reprocessing of the step S321 during battery charging, and thus, details are not repeated here.
And S422, when the II-type battery can not meet the requirement of power distribution, the I-type battery is required to bear the instruction power. In particular, each cell in the class II cell is operated at maximum power Pdmax,jWorking to obtain the total power of the II type batteryWill instruct power PΣThe difference from the total power being taken as a class I batteryDistributable power Δ PdΣI.e. can allocate power asThe control strategy of the discharge power of each I-type battery is similar to that of the discharge power of the similar II-type battery, and as the total command power distributed by the I-type batteries is smaller than the original command power, the discharge power of each I-type battery can be considered to be according to the offset reference value electric quantity E 'under the condition of meeting the maximum discharge power'ddevI.e. the power to the class i battery is distributed according to the following formula:
wherein, | E'ddev,jI is the absolute value of the offset reference value electric quantity of the battery j in the battery I;the sum of absolute values of offset reference value electric quantities of each battery in the I batteries is obtained; m is the number of the II batteries; n is the sum of the number of the II-type batteries and the I-type batteries; i is a battery mark number of the I-type battery; e'ddevIs calculated byddevThe same is true.
Before the next main control power instruction comes, the battery historical charging and discharging mileage and the remaining capacity SOC are updated at certain intervals, the battery number is adjusted, and the power allocated to the battery in the time interval is calculated. When the remaining battery capacity SOC reaches the limit value, the battery is in standby, and the number of available batteries is reduced by one.
The power distribution is performed to the battery while the battery is being charged or discharged. In particular, when the command power is small, resulting in the batteries operating at a small power, the actual power may deviate from the power, a lower limit (minimum power) should be set for the battery power, or referred to as "dead zone", and the power distribution result of each battery should not be lower than this value.
When it is determined that the issued command value ensures that each battery operates at the minimum power, once the calculated power is below the dead band value, it is desirable to distribute the power borne by the other batteries to the batteries below the dead band value by power redistribution so that the power rise reaches the minimum limit value. When the power distributed to the batteries is smaller than the set minimum power and the set command power can ensure that each battery works at the minimum power, the power distribution is carried out on the batteries according to the following steps:
a. calculating the temporary power which can be obtained from the command power by each battery according to the electric quantity proportion of the offset reference value;
b. comparing the temporary power of the batteries with the set minimum power, forming the batteries with the temporary power lower than the minimum power into a battery set K, and forming the batteries with the temporary power not lower than the minimum power into a battery set L;
c. performing difference calculation on the minimum power and the temporary power of the battery j in the battery set K to obtain difference power delta P 'needing to be supplemented to the battery j'caljSumming the difference power of each battery in the battery set K to obtain the total power P' to be supplemented to the battery set K:
wherein, delta P'caljIs calculated as delta P'calj=Pmin-Pcalj;PcaljIs the temporary power allocated to battery j; pminA minimum power to operate for the battery; m is the number of batteries in the battery set K;
d. calculating the reduction power P of the battery i in the battery set L according to the proportion of the temporary poweri xAccording to the power P cut down of the battery i in the battery set Li xCalculating the residual power P of the battery i in the battery set Li':
Pi'=Pcali-Pi x;
Wherein, Pi xIs calculated by the formulaPcaliIs the temporary power allocated to battery i;the sum of the temporary power of each battery in the battery set L;
e. if the remaining power P of the battery i in the battery set Li'below minimum Power, then operate Battery i at minimum Power and adjust Total Power to supplement Battery set K to P'newWherein, P'new=P'-(Pcali-Pmin) (ii) a And simultaneously removing the battery i from the battery set L, and adjusting the battery set to be L ', wherein L' ═ L- { bi},biIs a battery i;
f. repeating the steps d to e until batteries with residual power lower than the minimum power do not appear in the battery set L, and merging the batteries removed from the battery set L into a battery set K to form a set K';
g. since it has been determined that the command values ensure that each battery can operate at the minimum power, the power of at least one battery will eventually not be lower than the minimum power; finally, the batteries in the battery set L 'are operated at the remaining power, and the batteries in the battery set K' are operated at the minimum power.
Further analysis, particularly, if the issued command power is small enough, a situation that the calculated power of the battery is smaller than the set minimum power of the battery and the set command value cannot guarantee that each battery works at the minimum power occurs, and distribution cannot be performed according to the above strategy; in particular, since the battery may not perform accurately for power commands below 100kW, dead band processing is performed after the power calculation is completed. If following the following strategy: firstly, finding out all batteries with power values lower than the dead zone, if the power which can be accommodated by the batteries in normal operation is higher than the sum of the dead zone batteries, distributing the power of the dead zone batteries to the batteries in normal operation in proportion to the existing power of the batteries in normal operation; if the power which can be accommodated by the battery in normal operation is lower than the sum of the dead zone batteries, the dead zone battery power is supplemented to the dead zone value, the power shortage is provided by the battery in normal operation, and the power shortage is distributed in proportion to the power which is already available by the battery in normal operation. It will be found that there are disadvantages to this strategy for handling low power, which are as follows:
when the calculated power of a plurality of batteries is lower than the dead zone and the calculated power of some batteries is close to the dead zone, the power of the batteries is generally born by the rest of batteries which normally work, but the strategy has a trend of charge-discharge mileage equalization, when the actual working power of a certain battery is lower than the calculated power, the calculated power calculated next time is higher than the calculated power before, and vice versa. This rule will make the above-mentioned batteries whose calculated power is lower than the dead zone and close to the dead zone become the normal operating batteries when the calculated power exceeds the dead zone in the next calculation, and at the same time these batteries will receive the power from other batteries lower than the dead zone, making the actual power of the batteries higher than the calculated power, which will result in the calculated power falling below the dead zone in the next calculation, and so on, and finally make the actual power jump back and forth between 0 and a certain value higher than the dead zone.
To solve this problem, the switching state change of the battery is taken into consideration as an optimization target, and a mathematical optimization model is established, which is used when only dead zone power exists.
It should be noted that, in the optimization strategy for establishing the mathematical optimization model, the battery with smaller power offset reference value is charged and discharged preferentially, which leads to the preferential operation of the battery with larger historical charging and discharging mileage and may cause the condition that the single battery is exhausted soon. Considering that there may be a problem that the contribution of the actual capacity to the offset reference value electric quantity is changed to a negative contribution before the optimization strategy starts, that is, the relationship between the deviation amount and the actual capacity needs to be changed to a negative relationship, taking charging as an example, the deviation amount calculation formula is modified as follows:
and calculating the electric quantity of the offset reference value by using a modified formula, so that the power is preferentially distributed to the batteries with small historical charging and discharging mileage under the condition that the SOC offset is equal, and the service life of each group of batteries is maintained at a relatively balanced level.
Specifically, when an instruction issued by the main control is received, the power of each battery for charging and discharging is related to the factors such as the remaining capacity SOC of the battery, the current working state of the battery, the maximum sustainable power, the used charging and discharging mileage of the battery, and the like, and the distribution result is obtained by establishing an optimization model for solving. Distributing charging and discharging power of the battery according to the following steps:
A. setting the charging command power to PcomTaking 6 groups of batteries as an example, the optimization variables are the power of each group of batteries and the on-off state of the batteries: the battery power is x0, x1, x2, x3, x4 and x5, and the switch states of the battery are y0, y1, y2, y3, y4 and y 5. The required parameters include: the current remaining capacity SOC of each battery set is set asThe current switch state of each battery set is set asMaximum charging power P of each batterymax,i(i-0, 1, …,5) and minimum power Pmin. Wherein P isminMay be equal to the dead band value, typically all of the cells are equal to the dead band value. Considering the complexity of variance optimization, avoiding a quadratic form as an optimization target as much as possible, and constructing a mathematical optimization distribution model M by taking the absolute value of the total deviation of the on-off state change, the residual capacity SOC relative to a reference value and the battery power variation cost as objective functions0:
Wherein, w1A battery switch state change weight; w is a2Balancing influence weights occupied by the residual electric quantity SOC; w is a3Cost weighting for power variations; SOCrefIs a residual capacity SOC reference value;the current residual capacity SOC value of the battery i is the SOC value before the optimization model is operated; pcomIs the set command power; x is the number ofiAllocating power for battery i; y isiIs the on-off state of battery i; pmin,iIs the minimum power of battery i; pmax,iThe maximum power that can be borne by the battery i;the current on-off state of the battery i is the on-off state before the optimization model is operated; pi 0The current power of the battery i is the power before the optimization model is operated; SOCiIn order to calculate the residual capacity SOC value of the battery i at the next moment under the power work calculated by the power distribution strategy, the time delta t is taken as 1s, and the approximate value SOC of the residual capacity SOC of the battery i at the next moment can be calculatedi:Eact,iThe actual capacity of battery i.
B. The absolute value in the objective function is eliminated through linearization by adding variables. The absolute value is converted into two inequalities, and when the target function obtains the minimum value, the newly introduced variable is equal to the absolute value of the original formula. Wherein a variable ω is introducedi(i-0, 1, …,5) satisfying:by analogy, the variable z is introducedi(i-0, 1, …,5) satisfying:and introducing a variable ki(i=0,1,…And 5), satisfying:
in this way, the programming problem with absolute values can be transformed into a new mixed integer linear programming problem, i.e. the mathematical optimal distribution model M0After improvement, a mathematical optimization distribution model M is obtained1:
Wherein, w1A battery switch state change weight; omegaiIs a parameter related to the on-off state of the battery, andw2balancing influence weights occupied by the residual electric quantity SOC; z is a radical ofiIs a parameter related to a remaining charge SOC value of the battery, and zi=|SOCi-SOCref|;w3Cost weighting for power variations; k is a radical ofiIs a parameter related to battery power, and ki=|Pi 0-xi|;SOCrefIs a residual capacity SOC reference value;the current residual capacity SOC value of the battery i is obtained; pcomIs the set command power; x is the number ofiIs the power of battery i; y isiIs the on-off state of battery i; pmin,iIs the minimum power of battery i; pmax,iThe maximum power that can be borne by the battery i; y isiIs the on-off state of battery i;the current switch state of the battery i; pi 0Current power for battery i;Eact,iIs the actual capacity of battery i;
C. distributing the mathematical optimization to the model M1Inputting into computer, calling cbc (existing open source algorithm package) open source algorithm by java programming language, and adjusting distribution model M1Such that the optimized distribution model M is1The target function of (2) obtains a minimum value, and the power set when the minimum value is obtained is taken as the distributed power of the battery.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An energy storage battery power distribution method based on AGC is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a residual electric quantity SOC reference value S of a batteryocrefThe remaining capacity SOC is less than or equal to the reference value SocrefThe battery is used as a class I battery, and the SOC of the residual electric quantity is larger than a reference value SocrefThe battery of (1) as a class II battery;
s2, judging the charging and discharging state of the current battery, and entering the step S3 when the battery is controlled to be charged; when controlling the battery to discharge, proceed to step S4;
s3, charging the battery, comprising the following steps:
s31, calculating the maximum power P borne by each battery in the I-type batteriescmax,jTo obtain the sum of the maximum power which can be borne by the I-type battery
Wherein m is the number of the I-type batteries; j is the jth battery in the I-type batteries;
s32, setting the instruction power PΣAnd distributionSum of maximum power that can be borne by class I batteryMake a comparison ifStep S321 is entered; if it is notStep S322 is entered;
s321, performing power distribution processing on each battery of the I-type batteries, wherein the power distribution processing comprises the following steps:
s321-1, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E of each battery of the I-type batteriescdev;
S321-2, according to the offset reference value, electric quantity EcdevCalculating the power P that each battery in the class I battery can obtain from the command powercj;
S322, the power distribution processing is carried out on each battery in the I-type batteries and the II-type batteries, and the method comprises the following steps:
s322-1, determining the total power capable of being borne by the class I battery, and taking the difference value of the instruction power and the total power as the distributable power of the class II battery;
s322-2, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E 'of each battery of II batteries'cdevAccording to offset reference value electric quantity E'cdevCalculating Power P 'that can be obtained from the distributable Power for each of the class II batteries'cj;
S4, discharging the battery, comprising the following steps:
s41, calculating the maximum power P borne by each battery in the II batteriesdmax,jObtaining the sum of the maximum power which can be borne by the II-type battery
Wherein m is the number of the I-type batteries; n is the sum of the number of the I-type batteries and the II-type batteries; j is the battery label number of the II type battery;
s42, setting the instruction power PΣSum of maximum power allocated to class II batteryMake a comparison ifStep S421 is entered; if it is notStep S422 is entered;
s421, performing power distribution processing on each battery of the II-type batteries, comprising the following steps:
s421-1, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E of each battery of the II batteriesddev;
S421-2, according to the offset reference value, electric quantity EddevCalculating the power P that each battery in the class II batteries can obtain from the command powerdj;
S422, the power distribution processing is carried out on each battery in the II type batteries and the I type batteries, and the method comprises the following steps:
s422-1, determining the total power capable of being borne by the II-type battery, and taking the difference value of the instruction power and the total power as the distributable power of the I-type battery;
s422-2, calculating offset reference value electric quantity E 'of each battery of the I-type batteries'ddevAccording to offset reference value electric quantity E'ddevCalculating Power P 'that can be obtained from the distributable Power for each of the class I batteries'dj。
2. The AGC-based energy storage battery power allocation method of claim 1, wherein: in step S321-2, the power P allocated to each of the I-type batteries in the charging mode is determined according to the following formulacj:
3. The AGC-based energy storage battery power allocation method of claim 2, wherein: determining the offset reference value electric quantity E of the battery in the charging mode according to the following formulacdev:
Ecdev=(Socref-Soc)Eact;
Wherein S isocrefThe reference value is the residual charge SOC of the battery; socThe value is the SOC value of the residual electric quantity of the battery; eactIs the actual capacity of the battery.
4. The AGC-based energy storage battery power allocation method of claim 1, wherein: in step S322-2, the power P 'distributed to each battery in the II-type batteries in the charging mode is determined according to the following formula'cj:
Wherein, E'cdev,jThe offset reference value electric quantity of the battery j in the II type battery is obtained; m is the number of I-type batteries; n is the sum of the number of the I-type batteries and the II-type batteries; i is the battery label number of the II type battery;the sum of the absolute values of the offset reference values of the electric quantity of each battery in the class II batteries; delta PΣFor allocation to class II batteriesThe command power of (1).
5. The AGC-based energy storage battery power allocation method of claim 1, wherein: in step S321, when the allocated power exceeds the maximum power that the class i battery can bear, performing power allocation on each battery of the class i battery again, including the following steps:
s321a, calculating a class I battery set M according to the electric quantity proportion of the offset reference valueITemporary power each battery can obtain from the command power;
s321b, if the temporary power of the battery j in the I-type battery is larger than the maximum power that the battery j can bear, enabling the battery j to bear the power P according to the maximum powercmaxj,Charging and adjusting instruction power to P'ΣWherein, P'Σ=PΣ-Pcmaxj,While collecting battery j from class I battery set MIRemoving and adjusting the type I battery set toWhereinbjIs a battery j;
s321c, repeating the steps S321a to S321b until the class I battery set MIUntil the battery with temporary power exceeding the maximum power capable of bearing the battery no longer appears, the battery is assembled from the I-type batteriesIBattery composition set with rejected batteries
6. The AGC-based energy storage battery power allocation method of claim 1, wherein: in step S421, when the allocated power exceeds the maximum power that the class II battery can bear, the power allocation is performed again for each battery of the class II battery, including the following steps:
s421a, calculating a II-type battery set M according to the electric quantity proportion of the offset reference valueIITemporary power each battery can obtain from the command power;
s421b, if the temporary power of the battery j in the II type battery is larger than the maximum power which can be borne by the battery j, enabling the battery j to bear the power P according to the maximum powerdmaxj,Discharging and adjusting the instruction power to P'ΣWherein, P'Σ=PΣ-Pdmaxj,While battery j is aggregated from class II battery set MIRemoving and adjusting the II-type battery set toWhereinbjIs a battery j;
s421c, repeating the steps S421a to S421b until the group II battery set MIIUntil the battery with temporary power exceeding the maximum power that can be borne by the battery no longer appears, the battery is assembled from a II type battery set MIIBattery composition set with rejected batteries
7. The AGC-based energy storage battery power allocation method of claim 1, wherein: when the power distributed to the batteries is smaller than the set minimum power and the set command power can ensure that each battery works at the minimum power, the power distribution is carried out on the batteries according to the following steps:
a. calculating the temporary power which can be obtained from the command power by each battery according to the electric quantity proportion of the offset reference value;
b. comparing the temporary power of the batteries with the set minimum power, forming the batteries with the temporary power lower than the minimum power into a battery set K, and forming the batteries with the temporary power not lower than the minimum power into a battery set L;
c. performing difference calculation on the minimum power and the temporary power of the battery j in the battery set K to obtain difference power delta P 'needing to be supplemented to the battery j'caljSumming the difference power of each battery in the battery set K to obtain the total power P' to be supplemented to the battery set K:
wherein, delta P'caljIs calculated as delta P'calj=Pmin-Pcalj;PcaljIs the temporary power allocated to battery j; pminA minimum power to operate for the battery; m is the number of batteries in the battery set K;
d. calculating the reduction power P of the battery i in the battery set L according to the proportion of the temporary poweri xAccording to the power P cut down of the battery i in the battery set Li xCalculating the residual power P of the battery i in the battery set Li':
Pi'=Pcali-Pi x;
Wherein, Pi xIs calculated by the formulaPcaliIs the temporary power allocated to battery i;the sum of the temporary power of each battery in the battery set L;
e. if the remaining power P of the battery i in the battery set Li'below minimum Power, then operate Battery i at minimum Power and adjust Total Power to supplement Battery set K to P'newWherein, P'new=P'-(Pcali-Pmin) (ii) a And simultaneously removing the battery i from the battery set L, and adjusting the battery set to be L ', wherein L' ═ L- { bi},biIs a battery i;
f. repeating the steps d to e until batteries with residual power lower than the minimum power do not appear in the battery set L, and merging the batteries removed from the battery set L into a battery set K to form a set K';
g. the batteries in battery set L 'operate at a remaining power and the batteries in battery set K' operate at a minimum power.
8. The AGC-based energy storage battery power allocation method of claim 1, wherein: when the power distributed to the batteries is smaller than the set minimum power and the set command power can not ensure that each battery works at the minimum power, the power distribution is carried out on the batteries according to the following steps:
A. the distribution power x of the battery and the switch state y of the battery are taken as parameters to construct a distribution model M0:
Wherein, w1A battery switch state change weight; w is a2Balancing influence weights occupied by the residual electric quantity SOC; w is a3Cost weighting for power variations; SOCrefIs a residual capacity SOC reference value;the current residual capacity SOC value of the battery i is obtained; pcomIs the set command power; x is the number ofiAllocating power for battery i; y isiIs the on-off state of battery i; pmin,iIs the minimum power of battery i; pmax,iThe maximum power that can be borne by the battery i;the current switch state of the battery i; pi 0The current power of the battery i; SOCiThe SOC value of the residual electric quantity of the battery i at the next moment is calculated under the power work calculated by the power distribution strategy, and the SOC valuei:Δ t is the time interval between adjacent moments; eact,iIs the actual capacity of battery i;
B. assignment of model M by adding temporary variables0Processing to obtain a distribution model M1:
Wherein, w1A battery switch state change weight; omegaiIs a parameter related to the on-off state of the battery, andw2balancing influence weights occupied by the residual electric quantity SOC; z is a radical ofiIs a parameter related to a remaining charge SOC value of the battery, and zi=|SOCi-SOCref|;w3Cost weighting for power variations; k is a radical ofiIs a parameter related to battery power, and ki=|Pi 0-xi|;SOCrefIs a residual capacity SOC reference value;the current residual capacity SOC value of the battery i is obtained; pcomIs the set command power; x is the number ofiIs the power of battery i; y isiIs the on-off state of battery i; pmin,iIs the minimum power of battery i; pmax,iThe maximum power that can be borne by the battery i; y isiIs the on-off state of battery i;the current switch state of the battery i; pi 0The current power of the battery i; eact,iIs the actual capacity of battery i;
C. adjusting an assignment model M1The distribution model obtains the minimum value, and the power set when the distribution model obtains the minimum value is used as the distribution power of the battery.
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