CN110957504B - Fuel cell power system - Google Patents
Fuel cell power system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110957504B CN110957504B CN201911153362.3A CN201911153362A CN110957504B CN 110957504 B CN110957504 B CN 110957504B CN 201911153362 A CN201911153362 A CN 201911153362A CN 110957504 B CN110957504 B CN 110957504B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present application relates to a fuel cell power system. The fuel cell power system comprises a cell stack, a cell stack heat exchanger, a motor and a liquid hydrogen tank. The fuel cell power system directly uses liquid hydrogen as a heat exchange medium to enter the cooling shell, the temperature of the liquid hydrogen is increased, and meanwhile, the temperature of the motor is reduced to be below-150 ℃, so that the motor works in a superconducting state. The liquid hydrogen enters the electric pile heat exchanger as a heat exchange medium to absorb heat. The fuel cell power system enables the gasification efficiency of the liquid hydrogen to be higher, and meanwhile reduces the heating loss of the motor. Furthermore, the fuel cell power system directly takes liquid hydrogen as a heat exchange medium to participate in heat exchange, and a heat exchanger is not required to be additionally arranged, so that the light weight design is realized. Meanwhile, the system adopts a single-layer liquid hydrogen storage structure, so that the weight of the system is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more particularly, to a fuel cell power system.
Background
The fuel cell power system gradually replaces the traditional internal combustion engine power system and is applied to transportation equipment such as automobiles, ships, aviation and the like. Hydrogen is the reaction fuel of the fuel cell system, and the carrying amount of the hydrogen determines the total electric energy generated by the system. Especially, when the fuel cell is used in systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles and airplanes, the energy density and power density of the system are very critical to the overall performance of the systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles and airplanes. In the prior art, the energy consumed by liquid hydrogen vaporization, fuel cell cooling, motor cooling and motor heating greatly reduces the system efficiency and limits the improvement of the endurance mileage.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a fuel cell power system in order to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the fuel cell power system.
A fuel cell power system includes a cell stack, a stack heat exchanger, a motor, and a liquid hydrogen tank. The cell stack comprises a hydrogen inlet, a hot water outlet, a cold water inlet and an electric power outlet. The electric pile heat exchanger comprises a cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet, a liquid to be cooled inlet and a liquid to be cooled outlet. The liquid inlet to be cooled is communicated with the hot water outlet. The liquid outlet to be cooled is communicated with the cold water inlet. The power outlet is electrically connected with the motor. The electric machine includes a cooling housing. The cooling shell includes a first inlet and a first outlet. The liquid hydrogen tank includes a liquid hydrogen outlet. The liquid hydrogen outlet is in communication with the first inlet. The first outlet is communicated with the cooling liquid inlet. The cooling liquid outlet is communicated with the hydrogen inlet.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell power system further includes a first reservoir and a first electronic pump. The first liquid storage device is connected between the to-be-cooled liquid outlet and the cold water inlet. The first electronic pump is connected between the first liquid storage device and the cold water inlet.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell power system further comprises a first pressure relief valve. The first pressure reducing valve is arranged between the cooling liquid outlet and the hydrogen inlet.
In one embodiment, the liquid hydrogen tank is a single-layer shell structure.
In one embodiment, the machine is a superconducting machine, and the superconducting operating state is achieved by liquid hydrogen cooling.
The embodiment of the application provides a fuel cell power system, which comprises a cell stack, a cell stack heat exchanger, a motor and a liquid hydrogen tank. The cell stack comprises a hydrogen inlet, a hot water outlet, a cold water inlet and an electric power outlet. The electric pile heat exchanger comprises a cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet, a liquid to be cooled inlet and a liquid to be cooled outlet. The liquid inlet to be cooled is communicated with the hot water outlet. The liquid outlet to be cooled is communicated with the cold water inlet. The power outlet is electrically connected with the motor. The electric machine includes a cooling housing. The cooling shell includes a first inlet and a first outlet. The liquid hydrogen tank includes a liquid hydrogen outlet. The liquid hydrogen outlet is in communication with the first inlet. The first outlet is communicated with the cooling liquid inlet. The cooling liquid outlet is communicated with the hydrogen inlet.
The fuel cell power system enables liquid hydrogen to directly enter the cooling shell as a heat exchange medium to absorb heat of the motor, so that the working temperature of the motor is reduced to be below 150 ℃ below zero, the motor enters a superconducting state, and the energy loss caused by heating of a motor winding is avoided. The liquid hydrogen is used as a heat exchange medium to enter the electric pile heat exchanger to further absorb heat. The fuel cell power system avoids the heating loss and the heat dissipation loss of the motor, and uses the liquid hydrogen gasification energy consumption for cooling the fuel cell, thereby greatly improving the system efficiency. Furthermore, the fuel cell power system uses liquid hydrogen directly as a heat exchange medium to participate in heat exchange, and a heat exchanger is not required to be additionally arranged, so that the light weight design is realized.
A fuel cell power system comprises a cell stack, a cell stack heat exchanger, a motor, a liquid hydrogen tank, a buffer tank and a heat exchange device. The cell stack comprises a hydrogen inlet, a hot water outlet, a cold water inlet and an electric power outlet. The electric pile heat exchanger comprises a liquid inlet to be cooled and a liquid outlet to be cooled. The liquid inlet to be cooled is communicated with the hot water outlet. The liquid outlet to be cooled is communicated with the cold water inlet. The motor is electrically connected with the power outlet. The liquid hydrogen tank is used for storing liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen tank includes a liquid hydrogen outlet. The buffer tank comprises a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid inlet is communicated with the liquid hydrogen outlet. The liquid outlet is communicated with the hydrogen inlet.
The heat exchange device comprises a second liquid storage device, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger which are communicated in a closed loop mode. The second liquid storage device is used for storing a heat exchange medium. The first heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the buffer tank. The second heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the electric pile heat exchanger. The third heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the motor.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell power system further comprises a second reservoir and a first electronic pump. The second liquid storage device is connected between the to-be-cooled liquid outlet and the cold water inlet. The first electronic pump is connected between the second liquid storage device and the cold water inlet.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell power system further comprises a second electronic pump. The second electronic pump is connected between the second liquid storage device and the first heat exchanger.
In one embodiment, the outlet of the second electronic pump is in communication with the inlet of the first heat exchanger.
In one embodiment, the heat exchange device further comprises a fourth heat exchanger. The fourth heat exchanger is connected between the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger. The fuel cell power system also includes a motor controller. The motor controller is electrically connected with the signal input end of the motor. The fourth heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the electrode controller.
The fuel cell power system that this application embodiment provided includes cell stack, galvanic pile heat exchanger, motor, liquid hydrogen tank, buffer tank and heat transfer device. The cell stack comprises a hydrogen inlet, a hot water outlet, a cold water inlet and an electric power outlet. The electric pile heat exchanger comprises a liquid inlet to be cooled and a liquid outlet to be cooled. The liquid inlet to be cooled is communicated with the hot water outlet. The liquid outlet to be cooled is communicated with the cold water inlet. The motor is electrically connected with the power outlet. The liquid hydrogen tank is used for storing liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen tank includes a liquid hydrogen outlet. The buffer tank comprises a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid inlet is communicated with the liquid hydrogen outlet. The liquid outlet is communicated with the hydrogen inlet. The heat exchange device comprises a second liquid storage device, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger which are communicated in a closed loop mode. The second liquid storage device is used for storing a heat exchange medium. The first heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the buffer tank. The second heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the electric pile heat exchanger. The third heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the motor.
The fuel cell power system absorbs the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen through the first heat exchanger, the heat exchange medium is cooled, and meanwhile, the liquid hydrogen is converted into gaseous hydrogen. The gaseous hydrogen is supplied to the cell stack to generate electric energy. The electric energy of the cell stack supplies power to the motor. The stack generates heat during the reaction. The heat is brought into the electric pile heat exchanger by circulating water. The low-temperature heat exchange medium firstly passes through the second heat exchanger for cooling the circulating water, and then passes through the third heat exchanger for cooling the motor, so that the motor works efficiently. The fuel cell power system realizes the complementation of internal cold and heat through the heat exchange device, and improves the utilization efficiency of the internal energy of the fuel cell power system. Furthermore, the fuel cell power system reduces the arrangement of external cold sources and heat sources, and realizes lightweight design. The fuel cell power system uses indirect cooling medium to perform heat exchange heating with liquid hydrogen, the medium is respectively connected with the liquid hydrogen, the motor controller and the fuel cell in series, the energy generated by all the components is used for gasifying the liquid hydrogen, the energy consumption of heat dissipation and heating of the system is effectively reduced, and the system efficiency is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic of the fuel cell power system provided in one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is an electrical schematic of the fuel cell power system provided in another embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
fuel cell power system 10
The outlet 302 of the liquid to be cooled
Cooling liquid inlet 303
First electronic pump 320
Cooling housing 401
A first outlet 403
Second electronic pump 750
First pressure reducing valve 80
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. This application is capable of embodiments in many different forms than those described herein and those skilled in the art will be able to make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the application and it is therefore not intended to be limited to the embodiments disclosed below.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present application.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell power system 10 including a stack 20, a stack heat exchanger 30, a motor 40, and a liquid hydrogen tank 50. The cell stack 20 includes a hydrogen inlet 201, a hot water outlet 202, a cold water inlet 203, and an electrical power outlet 204. The stack heat exchanger 30 comprises a cooling liquid inlet 303, a cooling liquid outlet 304, a liquid to be cooled inlet 301 and a liquid to be cooled outlet 302. The inlet 301 of the liquid to be cooled is communicated with the outlet 202 of the hot water. The liquid outlet 302 to be cooled is communicated with the cold water inlet 203. The power outlet 204 is electrically connected to the motor 40. The motor 40 includes a cooling housing 401. The cooling shell 401 comprises a first inlet 402 and a first outlet 403. The liquid hydrogen tank 50 includes a liquid hydrogen outlet 501. The liquid hydrogen outlet 501 communicates with the first inlet 402. The first outlet 403 communicates with the coolant inlet 303. The coolant outlet 304 communicates with the hydrogen inlet 201.
In the fuel cell power system 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application, liquid hydrogen directly enters the cooling shell 401 as a heat exchange medium, and absorbs heat of the motor 40, so that the temperature of the liquid hydrogen rises, and at the same time, the temperature of the motor 40 decreases, so that the temperature of the motor gradually decreases to below-150 ℃, and the motor enters a superconducting state. The liquid hydrogen enters the stack heat exchanger 30 as a heat exchange medium to absorb heat. The fuel cell power system 10 causes the liquid hydrogen to absorb heat twice. The liquid hydrogen has higher gasification efficiency. Further, the fuel cell power system 10 enables liquid hydrogen to directly participate in heat exchange as a heat exchange medium, and a heat exchanger is not required to be additionally arranged, so that a light weight design is realized.
The fuel cell power system 10 employs the liquid hydrogen tank 50 instead of a gaseous tank, so that the corresponding stored energy per unit mass of the whole system is increased. The hydrogen storage mass density of the system can be increased from 5% to a level of 10% to 15%.
In one embodiment, the motor 40 is used to drive the drone in flight.
In one embodiment, the motor 40 is an ultra-low temperature quasi-superconducting motor. The energy loss of the motor is mainly caused by internal copper loss, iron loss, mechanical loss and stray loss. For working scenes such as unmanned aerial vehicle flight, the motor rotating speed is relatively low, and energy loss mainly takes copper loss as a main factor. The motor works for a long time and the temperature rises. The temperature of the copper winding inside the motor rises and the internal resistance increases. The heat of the motor is lost, and the working efficiency is reduced. The fuel cell power system 10 directly uses liquid hydrogen as a heat exchange medium to cool the motor 40 to a superconducting temperature, so that the internal resistance of a copper winding is reduced, and the working efficiency of the motor 40 is improved.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell power system 10 further includes a first reservoir 310 and a first electronic pump 320. The first liquid storage device 310 is connected between the to-be-cooled liquid outlet 302 and the cold water inlet 203. The first reservoir 310 is used to store water entering the stack 20. The first electronic pump 320 is connected between the first reservoir 310 and the cold water inlet 203. The first electronic pump 320 provides power for the circulating water.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell power system 10 further includes a first pressure relief valve 80. The first pressure reducing valve 80 is disposed between the coolant outlet 304 and the hydrogen inlet 201. The first pressure reducing valve 80 prevents the pressure of the hydrogen gas from being excessively high, ensuring safe operation of the stack 20.
In the prior art, the liquid hydrogen storage tank adopts a double-layer storage tank to store liquid hydrogen so as to meet the heat insulation requirement and ensure the safety.
In one embodiment, the liquid hydrogen tank 50 is a single-layer housing structure. The fuel cell power system 10 is applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle. The liquid hydrogen tank 50 is replenished with liquid hydrogen prior to flight. The liquid hydrogen tank 50 is stored only when flying. When the drone is not flying, the liquid tank 50 does not store liquid hydrogen. Thus, the liquid tank 50 is not used for transportation. And in the flying process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the liquid hydrogen which is gasified by absorbing heat in the environment is rapidly consumed. Liquid hydrogen tank 50 adopts individual layer shell structure can satisfy the heat dissipation demand, is applicable to this specific scene of unmanned aerial vehicle aircraft.
In one embodiment, the surface of the single-layer shell structure is provided with an insulating layer. The heat-insulating layer reduces heat exchange and slows down liquid hydrogen vaporization.
For the fuel cell power system 10, a feasibility analysis is performed:
in one embodiment, the overall efficiency of the fuel cell power system 10 is 50%, and the system generates 1 kW.h of electrical power, corresponding to 1 kW.h of waste heat.
The waste heat + electric energy consumes 2kW · h in total. Estimated as 33 kW.h electricity per 1kg of hydrogen, an energy of 2 kW.h corresponds to a chemical energy of about 61g of hydrogen.
Liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen tank 50 to the stack 20 application needs to go through two processes, phase transition and temperature rise.
In the phase state transformation process, the phase change heat absorption is 3.93 kW.h/kg. 61g of hydrogen required about 0.240 kW.h of electrical energy.
During the temperature increase, 61g of hydrogen rose from 20K to 293K (20 ℃). The heat capacity of hydrogen was 14.3 kJ/(kg. K). The total energy required for 61g of gaseous hydrogen is 0.066 kW.h of electric energy.
As can be seen, when liquid hydrogen is used, 1 kW.h of external electric energy is supplied, and the total heat absorption capacity of hydrogen gas is about 0.30 kW.h.
For a typical motor + motor control system, the overall efficiency is about 90%. The waste heat generated per 1 kW.h input is about 0.1 kW.h.
Therefore, the fuel cell power system 10 outputs 1kW · h of energy per external pair, the fuel cell system generates 1kW · h of waste heat, the motor system generates 0.1kW · h of waste heat, and the liquid hydrogen system absorbs 0.3kW · h of heat in total. The total heat absorption capacity of the liquid hydrogen can cover the heat generation of the motor system and can also cover part of the heat generation of the fuel cell system.
The energy loss of the motor is mainly caused by internal copper loss, iron loss, mechanical loss and stray loss. For working scenes such as unmanned aerial vehicle flight, the motor rotating speed is relatively low, and energy loss mainly takes copper loss as a main factor. The motor works for a long time and the temperature rises. The temperature of the copper winding inside the motor rises and the internal resistance increases. The heat of the motor is lost, and the working efficiency is reduced. The fuel cell power system 10 cools the motor 40 to a superconducting working environment through liquid hydrogen, so that the internal resistance of a copper winding is reduced, and the working efficiency of the motor 40 is improved.
As soon as the system starts to work, the liquid hydrogen needs to absorb heat from the heat exchange system, while the motor temperature is reduced. The motor is in a superconducting state, and the output efficiency of the motor is improved. The fuel cell power system 10 reduces the heat dissipation burden of a high power system. Further, the fuel cell power system 10 absorbs heat from liquid hydrogen, so that the design requirement of the maximum heat dissipation capacity of heat dissipation parameters is lowered, heat exchange components are reduced, and the weight of the system is reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell power system 10 including a cell stack 20, a stack heat exchanger 30, a motor 40, a liquid hydrogen tank 50, a buffer tank 60, and a heat exchanging device 70. The cell stack 20 includes a hydrogen inlet 201, a hot water outlet 202, a cold water inlet 203, and an electrical power outlet 204. The stack heat exchanger 30 comprises a liquid to be cooled inlet 301 and a liquid to be cooled outlet 302. The inlet 301 of the liquid to be cooled is communicated with the outlet 202 of the hot water. The liquid outlet 302 to be cooled is communicated with the cold water inlet 203. The motor 40 is electrically connected to the power outlet 204. The liquid hydrogen tank 50 is used to store liquid hydrogen gas. The liquid hydrogen tank 50 includes a liquid hydrogen outlet 501. The buffer tank 60 includes a liquid inlet 601 and a liquid outlet 602. The liquid inlet 601 is communicated with the liquid hydrogen outlet 501. The liquid outlet 602 is communicated with the hydrogen inlet 201.
The heat exchange device 70 comprises a second liquid storage device 710, a first heat exchanger 720, a second heat exchanger 730 and a third heat exchanger 740 which are communicated in a closed loop. The second liquid storage device 710 is used for storing heat exchange media. The first heat exchanger 720 is used for heat exchange with the buffer tank 60. The second heat exchanger 730 is used for heat exchange with the stack heat exchanger 30. The third heat exchanger 740 is used for exchanging heat with the motor 40.
The fuel cell power system 10 provided by the embodiment of the application absorbs the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen through the first heat exchanger 720, the heat exchange medium is cooled, and meanwhile, the liquid hydrogen is converted into the gaseous hydrogen. The gaseous hydrogen is supplied to the stack 20 for reaction to generate electrical energy. The electrical energy of the stack 20 powers the motor 40. The stack 20 generates heat during the reaction. The heat is carried into the stack heat exchanger 30 by the circulating water. The low-temperature heat exchange medium firstly passes through the second heat exchanger 730 is used for cooling the circulating water, and then the third heat exchanger 740 is used for cooling the motor 40, so that the motor 40 works efficiently. The fuel cell power system 10 realizes the complementation of internal cold and heat through the heat exchange device 70, and improves the utilization efficiency of the internal energy of the fuel cell power system 10. Further, the fuel cell power system 10 reduces the number of external cold sources and heat sources, and realizes a lightweight design.
In one embodiment, the first heat exchanger 720, the second heat exchanger 730, and the third heat exchanger 740 are each copper heat exchange tubes.
The stack 20 requires gaseous hydrogen as a reactant. The second liquid storage device 710 is used for storing heat exchange media. The heat exchange medium circulates in the heat exchange device 70. The first heat exchanger 720 is wound around the outer surface of the housing of the buffer tank 60. The heat exchange medium absorbs the cold of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank 50 through the first heat exchanger 720. The temperature of the heat exchange medium becomes low. The second heat exchanger 730 is wound around the stack heat exchanger 30. The low-temperature heat exchange medium absorbs heat of the medium in the stack heat exchanger 30 through the second heat exchanger 730, so as to cool the medium in the stack heat exchanger 30. The third heat exchanger 740 is wound around the surface of the motor 40. The heat exchange medium with low temperature enters the third heat exchanger 740 to cool the motor 40.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell power system 10 further includes a second electronic pump 750. The second electronic pump 750 is connected between the second liquid storage device 710 and the first heat exchanger 720. The second electronic pump 750 is used for providing power for the circulation of the heat exchange medium in the pipeline. In one embodiment, the fuel cell power system 10 further includes a first reservoir 310 and a first electronic pump 320. The first liquid storage device 310 is connected between the to-be-cooled liquid outlet 302 and the cold water inlet 203. The first liquid storage device 310 is used for storing cooling water entering the cell stack 20, and the first electronic pump 320 provides power for circulating water. The two are matched to take out heat generated by the fuel cell during working, the fuel cell is cooled, the taken-out heat exchanges heat in the electric pile heat exchanger 30, and the working temperature of the fuel cell is maintained in a circulating mode.
In one embodiment, the heat exchange device 70 further comprises a fourth heat exchanger 760. The fourth heat exchanger 760 is connected between the second heat exchanger 730 and the third heat exchanger 740. The fuel cell power system 10 also includes a motor controller 410. The motor controller 410 is electrically connected to the signal input 400 of the motor 40. The fourth heat exchanger 760 exchanges heat with the motor controller 410. The fourth heat exchanger 760 is used to reduce the cooling of the motor controller 410.
In one embodiment, the outlet of the second electronic pump 750 communicates with the inlet of the first heat exchanger 720. The heat exchange medium firstly enters the first heat exchanger 720 to absorb cold energy, and then sequentially enters the second heat exchanger 730, the fourth heat exchanger 760 and the third heat exchanger 740 to absorb heat.
The heat exchange medium absorbs the cold in the first heat exchanger 720. The heat exchange medium transfers heat to the buffer tank 60. The liquid hydrogen in the buffer tank 60 is vaporized by increasing the temperature. The temperature of the heat exchange medium decreases.
The low-temperature heat exchange medium firstly enters the second heat exchanger 730 and is used for cooling water in the electric pile heat exchanger 30. The temperature of the circulating water of the cell stack 20 is lower than the temperature of the motor 40. The low-temperature heat exchange medium firstly enters the second heat exchanger 730, so that the cooling effect on the circulating water of the cell stack 20 is better.
In application, the heat exchange medium may also cool the motor 40 or the motor controller 410 first, and then cool the circulating water of the cell stack 20.
The heat exchange medium may also be the circulating water of the motor 40, the motor controller 410, or the cell stack 20, and the heated heat exchange medium heats the liquid hydrogen.
In the prior art, a double-layer storage tank is adopted in a battery system to store liquid hydrogen so as to meet the requirement of heat insulation and ensure safety.
In one embodiment, the liquid hydrogen tank 50 is a single-layer housing structure.
The fuel cell power system 10 is applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle. The liquid hydrogen tank 50 is replenished with liquid hydrogen prior to flight. The liquid hydrogen tank 50 is stored only when flying. When the drone is not flying, the liquid tank 50 does not store liquid hydrogen. Thus, the liquid tank 50 is not used for transportation. And in the flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the heat absorption of the liquid hydrogen is gradually reduced, and meanwhile, the liquid hydrogen is consumed by the system reaction in time. The liquid hydrogen tank 50 adopts the single-layer shell structure, and can meet the strength requirement.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-described examples merely represent several embodiments of the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell power system, wherein the fuel cell power system is used for unmanned aerial vehicle, the fuel cell power system includes:
a cell stack (20), the cell stack (20) comprising a hydrogen inlet (201), a hot water outlet (202), a cold water inlet (203), an electrical power outlet (204);
the galvanic pile heat exchanger (30) comprises a cooling liquid inlet (303), a cooling liquid outlet (304), a liquid to be cooled inlet (301) and a liquid to be cooled outlet (302), wherein the liquid to be cooled inlet (301) is communicated with the hot water outlet (202), and the liquid to be cooled outlet (302) is communicated with the cold water inlet (203);
an electric motor (40), the power outlet (204) being electrically connected to the electric motor (40), the electric motor (40) comprising a cooling enclosure (401), the cooling enclosure (401) comprising a first inlet (402) and a first outlet (403);
liquid hydrogen jar (50), liquid hydrogen jar (50) include liquid hydrogen export (501), liquid hydrogen export (501) with first import (402) intercommunication, first export (403) with coolant liquid inlet (303) intercommunication, coolant liquid outlet (304) with hydrogen entry (201) intercommunication, liquid hydrogen jar (50) are single-deck shell structure.
2. The fuel cell power system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first liquid storage device (310) connected between the outlet (302) of the liquid to be cooled and the cold water inlet (203);
a first electronic pump (320) connected between the first reservoir (310) and the cold water inlet (203).
3. The fuel cell power system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first pressure reducing valve (80), the first pressure reducing valve (80) being disposed between the coolant outlet (304) and the hydrogen gas inlet (201).
4. The fuel cell power system of claim 1, wherein the surface of the single shell structure is provided with insulation.
5. A fuel cell power system according to claim 1, wherein the electric machine (40) is a superconducting electric machine, and the superconducting operating state is achieved by liquid hydrogen cooling.
6. A fuel cell power system, wherein the fuel cell power system is used for unmanned aerial vehicle, the fuel cell power system includes:
a cell stack (20), the cell stack (20) comprising a hydrogen inlet (201), a hot water outlet (202), a cold water inlet (203), an electrical power outlet (204);
the galvanic pile heat exchanger (30) comprises a liquid to be cooled inlet (301) and a liquid to be cooled outlet (302), the liquid to be cooled inlet (301) is communicated with the hot water outlet (202), and the liquid to be cooled outlet (302) is communicated with the cold water inlet (203);
a motor (40) electrically connected to the power outlet (204);
the liquid hydrogen tank (50) is used for storing liquid hydrogen, the liquid hydrogen tank (50) comprises a liquid hydrogen outlet (501), and the liquid hydrogen tank (50) is of a single-layer shell structure;
a buffer tank (60), wherein the buffer tank (60) comprises a liquid inlet (601) and a liquid outlet (602), the liquid inlet (601) is communicated with the liquid hydrogen outlet (501), and the liquid outlet (602) is communicated with the hydrogen inlet (201);
the heat exchange device (70) comprises a second liquid storage device (710), a first heat exchanger (720), a second heat exchanger (730) and a third heat exchanger (740) which are communicated in a closed loop, the second liquid storage device (710) is used for storing a heat exchange medium, the first heat exchanger (720) is used for exchanging heat with the buffer tank (60), the second heat exchanger (730) is used for exchanging heat with the pile heat exchanger (30), and the third heat exchanger (740) is used for exchanging heat with the motor (40).
7. The fuel cell power system of claim 6, further comprising:
a first liquid storage device (310) connected between the outlet (302) of the liquid to be cooled and the cold water inlet (203);
a first electronic pump (320) connected between the first reservoir (310) and the cold water inlet (203).
8. The fuel cell power system of claim 6, further comprising:
and the second electronic pump (750) is connected between the second liquid storage device (710) and the first heat exchanger (720) and used for circulating a cooling medium.
9. The fuel cell power system as defined in claim 8, wherein an outlet of the second electronic pump (750) communicates with an inlet of the first heat exchanger (720).
10. The fuel cell power system according to claim 6, wherein the heat exchanging means (70) further comprises a fourth heat exchanger (760), the fourth heat exchanger (760) being connected between the second heat exchanger (730) and the third heat exchanger (740), the fuel cell power system (10) further comprising:
a motor controller (410), the motor controller (410) being electrically connected to a signal input (400) of the motor (40), the fourth heat exchanger (760) being configured to exchange heat with the motor controller (410).
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| CN113140752A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-20 | 北京长征天民高科技有限公司 | Superconducting motor fuel cell power system using liquid hydrogen |
| CN113422087B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-08-23 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted low-temperature liquid hydrogen fuel cell system and fuel cell heat exchange method |
| DE102021115084B4 (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2024-05-02 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a fuel cell vehicle and fuel cell vehicle |
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