CN110957456A - Metal-free current collector composite electrode, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Metal-free current collector composite electrode, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110957456A CN110957456A CN201911296646.8A CN201911296646A CN110957456A CN 110957456 A CN110957456 A CN 110957456A CN 201911296646 A CN201911296646 A CN 201911296646A CN 110957456 A CN110957456 A CN 110957456A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The invention provides a metal-free current collector composite electrode, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery, wherein the metal-free current collector composite electrode consists of a diaphragm and an electrode active material coated on the surface of the diaphragm, the diaphragm comprises a base film and a coating formed on the surface of the base film, the coating comprises inorganic particles and a binder, and the inorganic particles are AlPO4And/or LiGe2(PO4)3. The invention providesBecause the combined electrode and the battery thereof do not use a current collector, on one hand, the energy density is improved, on the other hand, the material cost is obviously reduced, and the energy density is improved by about 18 percent and the material cost is reduced by about 8 percent by calculating according to the mass ratio of the current collector in the current common battery. In addition, because the preparation process of the battery using the composite electrode is consistent with that of the traditional lithium ion battery, the existing process and equipment can be directly applied to large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a metal-free current collector composite electrode, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in many fields due to their many outstanding advantages, but with the continuous expansion of application fields and the continuous improvement of application requirements, the demand for improving the energy density of batteries is more urgent. Generally, a lithium ion battery consists of a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte and an outer packaging material, wherein except the positive and negative active substances participating in electrochemical reaction, the other active substances are inactive substances, and the development approach of high energy density mainly reduces the proportion of the inactive substances.
The general process of conventional electrode preparation is to homogenize and coat the slurry on a foil, then slit, and then wind or laminate to assemble a cell. The preparation process of the traditional electrode enables the foil to become a necessary material for supporting electrode forming, and the weight of the inactive material directly limits the further improvement of the energy density of the lithium ion battery. For a conventional positive electrode, the surface density of the active coating is 36mg/cm2And a 15 μm aluminum foil having an areal density of 4.05mg/cm was used2(ii) a For a conventional negative electrode, the surface density of the active coating is generally 17mg/cm2And an 8 μm copper foil having an areal density of 7.12mg/cm was used2. Therefore, the development of the current collector-free composite electrode is significant for the development of a battery with higher energy density.
Chinese patent CN109360939A discloses a method for preparing a flexible current collector-free thin film electrode plate for a lithium ion battery, wherein the method for preparing the current collector-free thin film electrode plate comprises the following steps: 1) uniformly mixing an active substance, a conductive agent, an adhesive and a solvent to prepare slurry; 2) uniformly coating the slurry on the surface of a smooth and hydrophobic sapphire substrate to form a continuous film, and drying; 3) soaking the sapphire substrate which is dried and coated with the film in deionized water, and enabling the film to fall off from the surface of the sapphire substrate by adopting a mechanical method; and fishing the falling film out of the water by using a copper net, and drying in vacuum to obtain the flexible current collector-free film pole piece. However, the method is quite complex in process, and the film is soaked in water, so that the method is a serious quality hidden trouble for the lithium ion battery if the subsequent drying is not thorough; also, from the embodiment, the method can only be assembled into a button cell at present, and the application range is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a metal-free current collector composite electrode, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery.
The invention provides a metal-free current collector composite electrode, which consists of a diaphragm and an electrode active material coated on the surface of the diaphragm, wherein the diaphragm comprises a base film and a coating formed on the surface of the base film, the coating comprises inorganic particles and a binder, and the inorganic particles are AlPO4And/or LiGe2(PO4)3。
The invention takes the diaphragm with the coating as the supporting material of the electrode, and adopts the conventional process to coat the electrode active material on the diaphragm to obtain the composite electrode without the current collector, thereby improving the energy density of the battery and reducing the material cost. The separator with the coating has better temperature shrinkage than that of the separator without the coating, the drying of the coating is involved when the electrode active material is coated at the later stage, the drying temperature is higher for oil-based slurry, and the separator with the coating which is high in temperature resistance is selected, so that the coating process is not required to be changed. In addition, due to the existence of the specific coating on the diaphragm, the compatibility and the contact between the electrode active material and the diaphragm are better, and the diaphragm and the electrode active material coating have better mechanical properties after the processes of drying, rolling and the like.
Further, the particle size of the inorganic particles is 50nm to 5 μm.
Further, the base film is a polyolefin material including polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like.
Further, the binder is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, acrylates and acrylonitrile binders.
Further, the mass ratio of the inorganic particles to the binder is (9-1): 1-9.
Further, the thickness of the coating is 1-5 mu m, and the porosity is 30-60%.
Further, the thickness of the base film is 10-30 μm.
The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above metal-free current collector composite electrode, comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a diaphragm: dispersing inorganic particles and a binder in a solvent to obtain mixed slurry, coating the mixed slurry on the base film, and drying;
(2) coating electrode active material: dispersing the electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder in a solvent and homogenizing, coating the resultant slurry on the separator, and drying.
The processes of homogenizing, coating and the like in the invention are all conventional processes in the prior art. When the electrode active material is a positive electrode active material, such as lithium iron phosphate containing lithium, doped lithium manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, and other lithium-containing metal oxides, the prepared composite electrode is a metal-free current collector composite positive electrode. When the electrode active material is a negative electrode active material, such as an aluminum-based alloy, a silicon-based alloy, a tin-based alloy, a lithium titanium oxide or a carbon material capable of reversibly intercalating lithium, the prepared composite electrode is a metal-free current collector composite negative electrode. In the electrode active material, the conductive agent is carbon black, carbon fiber or conductive graphite and other common conductive agents in lithium ion batteries, and the adhesive is polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile and other common adhesives in lithium ion batteries.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the metal-free current collector composite electrode in a lithium ion battery.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, electrolyte and a battery shell, wherein the positive pole piece is a metal-free current collector composite positive pole, and/or the negative pole piece is a metal-free current collector composite negative pole.
The manufacturing process of the lithium ion battery is consistent with the traditional lithium ion battery manufacturing process and comprises the working procedures of rolling, slitting/flaking, laminating/winding, pre-charging formation and the like.
The metal-free current collector composite electrode and the battery thereof provided by the invention do not use a current collector, so that on one hand, the energy density is improved, and on the other hand, the material cost is obviously reduced, and the energy density is improved by about 18% and the material cost is reduced by about 8% by calculating according to the mass ratio of the current collector in the current common battery. In addition, the preparation process of the battery using the metal-free current collector composite electrode is consistent with that of the traditional lithium ion battery, so that the existing process and equipment can be directly applied to large-scale production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a metal-free current collector composite electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a typical charge and discharge process of the battery obtained in example 1;
in the figure: 1. a diaphragm; 11. a base film; 12. coating; 2. an electrode active material.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from regular distributors, not indicated by the manufacturer.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a metal-free current collector composite electrode, which has a schematic structural view as shown in fig. 1, and is composed of a separator 1 and an electrode active material 2 coated on the surface of the separator 1, wherein the separator 1 is composed of a base film 11 and an electrode active material formed on the surface of the base film 11The coating 12 is composed of inorganic particles and a binder, wherein the inorganic particles are LiGe2(PO4)3The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the metal-free current collector composite electrode, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a diaphragm: LiGe with particle size of 50nm2(PO4)3Dispersing particles and a binder polyvinylidene fluoride in NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone) in a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain mixed slurry, coating the mixed slurry on base film polyethylene with the thickness of 20 microns, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a diaphragm with the thickness of 24 microns and the porosity of 50%;
(2) preparing a metal-free current collector composite positive electrode: dispersing a positive electrode active material nickel cobalt lithium manganate, a conductive agent carbon black and an adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride in NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone) according to a mass ratio of 90:5:5, fully homogenizing, coating the obtained slurry on the diaphragm obtained in the step (1) by adopting an extrusion coating machine, and drying at 105 ℃ to obtain a metal-free current collector composite positive electrode;
(3) preparing a metal-free current collector composite negative electrode: and (2) dispersing the negative active material artificial graphite, the conductive agent carbon black and the adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride in NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone) according to the mass ratio of 88:6:6, fully homogenizing, coating the obtained slurry on the diaphragm obtained in the step (1) by adopting an extrusion coating machine, and drying at 105 ℃ to obtain the metal-free current collector composite negative electrode.
The embodiment also provides a lithium ion battery comprising the metal-free current collector composite electrode, which comprises a metal-free current collector composite anode, a metal-free current collector composite cathode, electrolyte and a battery shell, wherein the preparation method of the metal-free current collector composite anode/cathode is close to that of the traditional lithium ion battery preparation process, the metal-free current collector composite anode/cathode electrode is rolled respectively to obtain anode/cathode electrode rolls with proper thickness, the anode/cathode electrode rolls are respectively cut and sliced to produce sheets, and the battery is obtained after winding or lamination (connection with a tab through conductive adhesive), liquid injection and pre-charging.
Compared with the current general conventional lithium ion battery containing a current collector, the energy density of the battery obtained in the embodiment is improved by about 18%, and the material cost is reduced by about 8%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a metal-free current collector composite electrode, which consists of a diaphragm and an electrode active material coated on the surface of the diaphragm, wherein the diaphragm comprises a base film and a coating formed on the surface of the base film, the coating comprises inorganic particles and a binder, and the inorganic particles are AlPO in the embodiment4The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the metal-free current collector composite electrode, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a diaphragm: AlPO with particle size of 1 μm4Dispersing particles and a binder polyvinylidene fluoride in an acetone solvent according to a mass ratio of 5:5 to obtain mixed slurry, coating the mixed slurry on base film polyethylene with the thickness of 30 microns, and drying at 55 ℃ to obtain a diaphragm, wherein the thickness of the diaphragm is 35 microns, and the porosity of the diaphragm is 30%;
(2) preparing a metal-free current collector composite positive electrode: dispersing a positive active material lithium manganate, a conductive agent carbon black and an adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride in NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone) according to a mass ratio of 92:4:4, fully homogenizing, coating the obtained slurry on the diaphragm obtained in the step (1) by adopting an extrusion coating machine, and drying at 110 ℃ to obtain a metal-free current collector composite positive electrode;
(3) preparing a metal-free current collector composite negative electrode: dispersing a negative electrode active material lithium titanate, a conductive agent carbon black and an adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride in NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone) according to a mass ratio of 92:3:5, fully homogenizing, coating the obtained slurry on the diaphragm obtained in the step (1) by adopting an extrusion coating machine, and drying at 120 ℃ to obtain the metal-free current collector composite negative electrode.
Examples of the experiments
The battery obtained in example 1 is subjected to performance test, fig. 2 is a typical charge-discharge process curve of the battery, and as can be seen from the graph, the curve shows the curve characteristic of typical nickel cobalt lithium manganate/graphite, and the battery has excellent polarization performance.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. The metal-free current collector composite electrode is characterized by consisting of a diaphragm and an electrode active material coated on the surface of the diaphragm, wherein the diaphragm comprises a base film and a coating formed on the surface of the base film, the coating comprises inorganic particles and a binder, and the inorganic particles are AlPO4And/or LiGe2(PO4)3。
2. The metal-free current collector composite electrode according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic particles have a particle size of 50nm to 5 μm.
3. The metal-free current collector composite electrode according to claim 1, wherein the base film is a polyolefin material;
the binder is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, acrylate and acrylonitrile binders.
4. The metal-free current collector composite electrode as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic particles to the binder is (9-1): 1-9).
5. The metal-free current collector composite electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coating has a thickness of 1 to 5 μm and a porosity of 30 to 60%.
6. The metal-free current collector composite electrode according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the base film is 10-30 μm.
7. The method of making a metal-free current collector composite electrode of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a diaphragm: dispersing the inorganic particles and the binder in a solvent to obtain mixed slurry, coating the mixed slurry on the base film, and drying;
(2) coating electrode active material: dispersing the electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder in a solvent and homogenizing, coating the resultant slurry on the separator, and drying.
8. Use of the metal-free current collector composite electrode of any one of claims 1 to 6 in a lithium ion battery.
9. A lithium ion battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, electrolyte and a battery shell, and is characterized in that the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece are the metal-free current collector composite electrode of any one of claims 1-6.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111463476A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-28 | 南京时拓能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of flexible lithium battery |
| CN112151875A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2020-12-29 | 深圳聚锂能源有限公司 | Current collector-free battery core, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
| CN115000418A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-02 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | Uncoated composite current collector, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
| CN115051112A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-13 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | Composite diaphragm and application thereof |
| WO2022214095A1 (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-10-13 | 上海恩捷新材料科技有限公司 | Battery separator for energy storage device, preparation process thereof, preparation system therefor, and energy storage device |
| CN115810759A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-03-17 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Flexible composite current collector, preparation method thereof, pole piece and battery |
| CN117438638A (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-01-23 | 汉朔科技股份有限公司 | Lithium titanate button secondary battery and electronic price tag |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2022214095A1 (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-10-13 | 上海恩捷新材料科技有限公司 | Battery separator for energy storage device, preparation process thereof, preparation system therefor, and energy storage device |
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| CN117438638A (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-01-23 | 汉朔科技股份有限公司 | Lithium titanate button secondary battery and electronic price tag |
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Application publication date: 20200403 |