CN110955954A - Optimal load reduction method for layered decoupling electric and thermal comprehensive energy system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for reducing optimal load of an electrical and thermal comprehensive energy system by layered decoupling, which is technically characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1: inputting data of the comprehensive energy system, and setting and initializing relevant parameters of the model; step 2: solving the scheduling optimization result of the energy hub in the outer layer of the hierarchical decoupling optimization model, and further correcting the load of each energy subsystem in the inner layer of the model; and step 3: respectively calculating the optimal load reduction amount of the electric heating subsystem, and correcting the input upper limit of the energy concentrator in the outer layer model based on the optimal load reduction amount; and 4, step 4: and (5) circularly iterating the steps 2 and 3 until the result converges or the maximum iteration number is reached. According to the invention, the existing mature optimal power flow solving method is utilized to independently solve each energy subsystem, and then the energy coupling equation is solved based on the energy concentrator, so that the optimal load reduction problem of the comprehensive energy system is converted into the optimal power flow problem of a single system, the complexity of the original problem is greatly reduced, and the calculation efficiency, the stability and the practicability are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for calculating the optimal load reduction of a comprehensive energy system. In particular to an optimal load reduction method of an electrical and thermal comprehensive energy system based on hierarchical decoupling.
Background
With the increasing severity of environmental pollution and climate change, the world Energy field is developing the deepest and most extensive revolution, the traditional power System is difficult to adapt to the new Energy supply and demand pattern and development trend, and the Integrated Energy System (IES) with the power System as the core becomes the main bearing form of the future human social Energy. The comprehensive energy system is coupled with various energy subsystems, and processes of generation, transmission, conversion, distribution and the like of various energy sources are planned and scheduled in a unified mode, so that diversified requirements of a demand side are met, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the flexibility of energy supply is enhanced. Compared with the traditional power system, the comprehensive energy system is faced with more uncertain factors in planning design and optimization operation process, such as new equipment of an air source heat pump, a gas turbine, an energy storage type electric heater and the like, the uncertain factors greatly increase the coupling degree of a power grid, a heat grid and an air grid, the system planning and operation work is more complicated and difficult, and great challenges are brought to the safe and stable operation of the system.
The objective function of the optimal load reduction algorithm of the comprehensive energy system is that the load reduction of the system is the lowest, the minimum loss load of the system under the conditions of element faults, overhaul and the like is obtained by utilizing an optimization method through combining equality constraint and inequality constraint conditions, the algorithm can be used for analyzing the influence of various uncertain factors such as element faults, distributed energy output change, load fluctuation and the like of the comprehensive energy system on energy supply abundance and safety, and corresponding promotion measures are provided. Therefore, the efficient and accurate optimal load reduction calculation method of the electric and thermal integrated energy system has very important significance on the processes of system planning, operation, scheduling and the like.
The optimal load reduction algorithm can be used for quantitatively calculating the optimal load reduction condition in the fault state of the comprehensive energy system, the current research mostly adopts a unified solution to synthesize the tidal current process and the energy conversion process of each subsystem to establish an optimal load reduction model, but the equation of the model is usually non-convex, the Jacobian matrix is singular, the algorithm is difficult to converge, and the calculation result is difficult to ensure the global optimization. Therefore, how to research a calculation method for optimal load reduction of an electric and thermal comprehensive energy system with efficient solution and easy convergence is a technical problem to be solved by researchers in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a layered decoupling optimal load reduction algorithm for an electric and thermal integrated energy system, which can efficiently and accurately solve the optimal load reduction of the electric and thermal integrated energy system in various fault states.
The invention solves the practical problem by adopting the following technical scheme:
a hierarchical decoupling optimal load reduction method for an electric and thermal comprehensive energy system comprises an electric power system, a natural and thermal gas system, a thermodynamic system and an energy concentrator; establishing a layered decoupling model, and carrying out optimization solution on the optimal load reduction of the comprehensive energy system, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: inputting reference data of each system in the comprehensive energy system into a hierarchical decoupling optimization model;
step 2: setting convergence threshold value delta and maximum iteration number N of hierarchical decoupling optimization modelHDOF(ii) a Making an initialization iteration number calculator n equal to 1;
and step 3: solving the energy hub at the outer layer of the layered decoupling model by adopting linear programming to achieve a scheduling optimization result, and taking the lowest load reduction as a target function:
in the formula: n is a radical ofEHThe number of coupling nodes, i.e. the number of energy concentrators; i is the energy concentrator label; e. g and h are three energy sources of electricity, gas and heat respectively; Δ Le,i、ΔLg,iAnd Δ Lh,iThe power load reduction amount, the air load reduction amount and the heat load reduction amount of the ith energy hub are respectively.
And 4, step 4: correcting the load of each energy subsystem in the inner layer in the hierarchical decoupling optimization model according to the scheduling optimization result of the energy concentrator system in the step 3;
and 5: calculating the optimal load flow of the load reduction of the power system to obtain the optimal load reduction of the power system;
step 6: calculating the optimal load flow of the load reduction of the natural gas system to obtain the optimal load reduction of the natural gas system;
and 7: calculating the optimal load flow of the thermodynamic system load reduction to obtain the optimal load reduction of the thermodynamic system;
and 8: correcting the upper limit value P input by the energy concentrator in the outer layer model according to the optimal load reduction of the electric power system, the natural gas system and the thermodynamic system which are respectively obtainedmax；
And step 9: calculating a difference vector delta of the layer decoupling optimization model according to the optimal load reduction of the electric heating subsystem in the steps 5, 6 and 7max；
Step 10: if deltamax<δ, go to step 12, otherwise, go to the next step;
step 11: iteration counter n is n +1, if n<NHDOFTurning to the step 3, otherwise, the model is not converged and exits;
step 12: and outputting the optimal load reduction amount of the comprehensive energy system.
Establishing an energy hub model according to the structure type and equipment parameters of the energy hub input in the step 1, and accurately describing the conversion and distribution of various equipment in the comprehensive energy system to energy such as electricity, heat, gas and the like by using a coupling matrix:
in the formula: l, C and P vectors represent the input, coupling matrix and output of the energy hub, respectively; cij represents the efficiency of energy transfer from the ith input energy source to the jth output energy source.
The constraint conditions of the energy concentrator optimization objective function in the step 3 are as follows:
in the formula: l, C and P represent the output, input and coupling matrix of the energy hub, respectively; pminAnd PmaxThe lower limit value and the upper limit value of P; delta L is the reduction of the electrical/gas/thermal output load of the energy concentrator; l is0Is the electric/gas/heat output load of the energy concentrator.
Correcting the load of each energy subsystem in the inner layer in the hierarchical decoupling optimization model in the step 4:
in the formula: l ise,i、Lg,jAnd Lh,kLoad reduction of a power system node i, a natural gas system node j and a thermodynamic system node k are respectively carried out; pe,i、Pg,jAnd Ph,kRespectively calculating tidal volumes obtained by the power system node i, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k in the step 3); i belongs to EH, j belongs to EH and k belongs to EH, and respectively represents that a power system node i, a natural gas system node j and a thermodynamic system node k are connected with an energy hub EH;
and
respectively representing nodes of an electric power systemi. The natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k are not connected with the energy hub EH; i is as large as NeRepresenting node i as a power system node; j is as large as NgRepresenting that the node j is a natural gas system node; k is as large as NhIndicating node k as a thermodynamic system node.
The optimal power flow model for the load reduction of the power system in the step 5 is as follows:
the optimal load reduction model of the power system is based on the optimal power flow, and the lowest load reduction is taken as a target function:
in the formula: n is a radical ofeThe number of nodes of the power system; Δ Le,iAnd reducing the load of the power system node i. The constraints of the corresponding model are:
in the formula: Δ LeLoad reduction of the power system nodes is carried out; l iseLoading the nodes of the power system; peIs the power system node flow; p, Q, V and theta are respectively the active power flow, the reactive power flow, the voltage and the phase angle of the power system, and the upper and lower limits of the value are respectively expressed by the corresponding four formulas; equation feFor a node power equation of the relation between the grid node injection power and the node voltage, a power balance equation in a polar coordinate form is as follows:
in the formula: piAnd QiActive and reactive power, U, injected separately for node iiAnd UjVoltages at nodes i and j, GijAnd BijConductance and susceptance, theta, respectively, of the nodal admittance matrixijIs the voltage phase angle difference between nodes i and j, θij＝θi–θj. The natural gas in the step 6The optimal power flow model for system load reduction is as follows:
in the formula: n is a radical ofgThe number of nodes of the natural gas system; Δ Lg,jAnd reducing the load of the natural gas system node j. The constraints of the corresponding model are:
in the formula: Δ LgLoad reduction of natural gas system nodes is carried out; l isgLoading a natural gas system node; pgIs the natural gas system node trend; fmn、HcAnd pi is the branch flow of the natural gas network, the compressor power and the node air pressure respectively, and the upper limit and the lower limit of the value are respectively expressed by corresponding three formulas; equation fgIs a natural gas system trend equation:
AFmn+S-L-GFc＝0 (10)
in the formula: a is a topological matrix of the system, which represents the incidence relation between nodes and branches, and the branches comprise compressors and pipelines; s is the output of an air source node; l is the load node demand; g is an incidence matrix of the compressor and the nodes; if the compressor is driven by a gas turbine, i.e. the compressor needs to consume a certain amount of natural gas, FcConsumption of gas amount for compressor:
in the formula: a isc、bcAnd ccIs a fitting coefficient; hcIs the compressor power.
The optimal power flow model for the thermal system load reduction in the step 7 is as follows:
in the formula: n is a radical ofhThe number of nodes of the natural gas system; Δ Lh,kLoad reduction is carried out on a thermodynamic system node k; the constraints of the corresponding model are:
in the formula: Δ LhLoad reduction is carried out on nodes of the thermodynamic system; l ishLoading thermodynamic system nodes; phIs the thermodynamic system node trend; m, Ts、TrRespectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the value of the pipeline flow, the supply temperature and the return temperature of the node corresponding to the three formulas; equation feThe power flow equation of the thermodynamic system is as follows:
in the formula: Φ is the thermal power consumed or supplied by the node.
The step 12 comprises: calculating the optimal load reduction amount delta L of the comprehensive energy systemΣ：
ΔLΣ＝ΔLe+ΔLg+ΔLh
In the formula:
and
respectively carrying out loads of the power system node, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k initially input in the step 1 and outputting loads of each energy concentrator; pe,i、Pg,jAnd Ph,kRespectively obtaining optimal power flow calculation results of the power system node i, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k obtained in the step 5 in the iteration; Δ Le、ΔLgAnd Δ LhRespectively the sum of the load reduction of the power system, the natural gas system and the thermodynamic system.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the calculation method for the optimal load reduction of the electrical and thermal comprehensive energy system based on hierarchical decoupling utilizes the existing mature power flow solving method to independently solve each energy subsystem, and then solves the energy coupling equation based on the energy hub, so that the solution is flexible and easy to converge. The whole algorithm model is divided into an outer layer and an inner layer, the inner layer is used for respectively carrying out Optimal Power Flow (OPF) calculation on an electric and heat energy subsystem with the aim of minimizing load reduction, the outer layer is used for carrying out overall optimal scheduling on three types of electric and heat energy in the comprehensive energy system by using an energy concentrator, so that the complementary transformation relation of the three types of energy is reflected, and a final convergence solution is obtained through continuous iterative solution of the inner layer model and the outer layer model. The model can convert the optimal load reduction problem of the comprehensive energy system into a single OPF problem, greatly reduces the complexity of the original problem, and obviously improves the calculation efficiency, the stability and the practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a calculation method for optimal load reduction of an electrical and thermal integrated energy system with layered decoupling;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an electrical and thermal integrated energy system hierarchical decoupling optimization model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an energy hub;
FIG. 4 is a detailed block diagram of an energy hub;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an integrated energy system test algorithm;
Detailed Description
The method for calculating the optimal load reduction of the electrical and thermal comprehensive energy system based on hierarchical decoupling is further detailed in the following steps by combining the embodiment and the attached drawings:
a calculation method for optimal load reduction of an electrical and thermal integrated energy system with Hierarchical Decoupling is disclosed, as shown in FIG. 1, and a Hierarchical Decoupling optimization model (HDOF) of the integrated energy system established by an algorithm is shown in FIG. 2, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: and inputting data of the comprehensive energy system, including an electric/gas/heat system, an energy hub and the like. The specific inputs are as follows: the system comprises a power transmission line, a natural gas pipeline, a heat distribution pipeline, a transformer, compressor parameters, load data, a topological structure, the structural type of an energy concentrator, equipment parameters of a transformer, an air conditioner, a cogeneration unit, a gas pipeline and a heat exchanger of an electricity/gas/heat system and the like;
wherein: the comprehensive energy system is coupled with multiple energy sources through the energy hub to realize the complementary conversion of the multiple energy sources, the energy hub is shown in figure 3, the whole model is divided into an input end L, a coupling matrix C and an output end P, and the coupling matrix accurately describes the conversion and distribution process of the energy sources such as electricity, heat, gas and the like. The specific structure of the energy concentrator in this embodiment is shown in fig. 4, and the energy concentrator model accurately describes the conversion and distribution of various devices in the integrated energy system to energy such as electricity, heat, gas, and the like by using a coupling matrix. The structure of the energy concentrator is shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the input and the output of the energy concentrator are electricity, gas and heat, and the trend direction in an electric heating system can be obviously seen. The energy hub comprises five devices: transformer (T), Air Conditioner (AC), natural gas line (GP), combined heat and power generation unit (CHP) and Heat Exchanger (HE), AC and CHP are coupling equipment, and the coupling matrix of energy concentrator is:
in the formula: l ise、Lg、Lh、Pe、PgAnd PhThree outputs of electric heat and three inputs of electric heat of the energy hub respectively, η is the efficiency of energy conversion of equipment, ηTη is the conversion efficiency of the transformerCHP-ePower generation efficiency of combined heat and power generation unit ηCHP-hη is the heat generating efficiency of the cogeneration unitACIs the air conditioning efficiency; v is a scheduling factor related to electrical thermal energy distribution; v. ofe,TA duty ratio assigned to the transformer for the electrical input; v. ofe,ACRatio, v, assigned to air conditioner for electric inpute,T+ve,AC＝1；vg,CHPThe gas input is distributed to the cogeneration unit.
Step 2: setting a convergence threshold value delta and a maximum iteration number N of a hierarchical decoupling optimization model of the comprehensive energy systemHDOF. Initializing an iteration number calculator n to be 1;
and step 3: solving an energy hub scheduling optimization result at the outer layer of the hierarchical decoupling model by adopting linear programming, and taking the minimum load reduction as a target function:
in the formula: n is a radical ofEHThe number of coupling nodes, i.e. the number of energy concentrators; i is the energy concentrator label; e. g and h are three energy sources of electricity, gas and heat respectively; Δ Le,i、ΔLg,iAnd Δ Lh,iThe power load reduction amount, the air load reduction amount and the heat load reduction amount of the ith energy hub are respectively. The constraint conditions are as follows:
in the formula: l, C and P represent the input, output and coupling matrix of the energy hub, respectively; pminAnd PmaxThe lower limit value and the upper limit value of P; delta L is the reduction of the electrical/gas/thermal output load of the energy concentrator; l is0Is the electric/gas/heat output load of the energy concentrator.
And 4, step 4: according to the scheduling optimization result of the energy concentrator in the step 3, correcting the load of each energy subsystem in the inner layer in the layered decoupling optimization model:
in the formula: l ise,i、Lg,jAnd Lh,kLoad reduction of a power system node i, a natural gas system node j and a thermodynamic system node k are respectively carried out; pe,i、Pg,jAnd Ph,kRespectively in step 3)Calculating tidal flow rates of the power system node i, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k; i belongs to EH, j belongs to EH and k belongs to EH, and respectively represents that a power system node i, a natural gas system node j and a thermodynamic system node k are connected with an energy hub EH;
and
respectively indicating that the power system node i, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k are not connected with the energy hub EH; i is as large as NeRepresenting node i as a power system node; j is as large as NgRepresenting that the node j is a natural gas system node; k is as large as NhIndicating node k as a thermodynamic system node.
In steps 5-7: and respectively solving the optimal load flow problem of the load reduction of the power system, the optimal load flow problem of the load reduction of the natural gas system and the optimal load flow problem of the load reduction of the thermodynamic system to obtain the optimal load reduction of the electricity \ gas \ heat energy subsystem.
The specific method of the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 5 comprises the optimal power flow problem of load reduction of the power system, the natural gas system and the thermodynamic system, and the specific model is as follows:
(1) the optimal load reduction model of the power system is based on the optimal power flow, and the lowest load reduction is taken as a target function:
in the formula: n is a radical ofeThe number of nodes of the power system; Δ Le,iAnd reducing the load of the power system node i. The constraints of the corresponding model are:
in the formula: Δ LeLoad reduction of the power system nodes is carried out; l iseLoading the nodes of the power system; peIs the power system node flow; p, Q, V and theta are respectively the active power flow, the reactive power flow, the voltage and the phase angle of the power system, and the upper and lower limits of the value are respectively expressed by the corresponding four formulas; equation feFor a node power equation of the relation between the grid node injection power and the node voltage, a power balance equation in a polar coordinate form is as follows:
in the formula: piAnd QiActive and reactive power, U, injected separately for node iiAnd UjVoltages at nodes i and j, GijAnd BijConductance and susceptance, theta, respectively, of the nodal admittance matrixijIs the voltage phase angle difference between nodes i and j, θij＝θi–θj。
In step 6, the natural gas system comprises a gas source, a gas transmission pipeline, a compressor, a load node and the like. The natural gas is supplied by the gas source node and is transmitted to the load node through the gas transmission pipeline, the gas turbine can convert the natural gas into electric energy and heat energy for users to use, and the compressor can increase the gas pressure in the natural gas transmission process to make up for the pressure loss in the transmission process. The optimal load reduction model of the natural gas system is as follows:
in the formula: n is a radical ofgThe number of nodes of the natural gas system; Δ Lg,jAnd reducing the load of the natural gas system node j. The constraints of the corresponding model are:
in the formula: Δ LgLoad reduction of natural gas system nodes is carried out; l isgLoading a natural gas system node; pgIs the natural gas system node trend; fmn、HcAnd pi is the branch flow of the natural gas network, the compressor power and the node air pressure respectively, and the upper limit and the lower limit of the value are respectively expressed by corresponding three formulas; equation fgIs a natural gas system trend equation:
AFmn+S-L-GFc＝0 (10)
in the formula: a is a topological matrix of the system, which represents the incidence relation between nodes and branches, and the branches comprise compressors and pipelines; s is the output of an air source node; l is the load node demand; g is an incidence matrix of the compressor and the nodes; if the compressor is driven by a gas turbine, i.e. the compressor needs to consume a certain amount of natural gas, FcConsumption of gas amount for compressor:
in the formula: a isc、bcAnd ccIs a fitting coefficient; hcIs the compressor power.
In step 7: the optimal load reduction model of the thermodynamic system is as follows:
in the formula: n is a radical ofhThe number of nodes of the natural gas system; Δ Lh,kThe load of the thermodynamic system node k is reduced. The constraints of the corresponding model are:
in the formula: Δ LhLoad reduction is carried out on nodes of the thermodynamic system; l ishLoading thermodynamic system nodes; phIs the thermodynamic system node trend; m, Ts、TrRespectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the value of the pipeline flow, the supply temperature and the return temperature of the node corresponding to the three formulas; equation feThe power flow equation of the thermodynamic system is as follows:
in the formula: Φ is the thermal power consumed or supplied by the node.
And 8: correcting the upper limit value P of the input P of the energy concentrator in the outer layer model according to the optimal load reduction amount of each energy subsystem calculated in the step 5-7max：
In the formula: pemax,i、Pgmax,jAnd Phmax,kRespectively representing the upper limit values of the electrical and thermal input of the energy concentrator connected with the power system node i, the natural gas system node j and the thermal system node k; pe,i、Pg,jAnd Ph,kRespectively representing the electrical/pneumatic/thermal energy input of the energy hub at the corresponding node; i is as large as NeRepresenting that the node i is a power system node, and representing that the power system node i is connected with the energy hub by the i belonging to the EH; j is as large as NgThe node j is represented as a natural gas system node, and j belongs to EH and represents that the natural gas system node j is connected with the energy concentrator; k is as large as NhThe node k is represented as a thermodynamic system node, and k ∈ EH represents that the thermodynamic system node k is connected with the energy source concentrator.
And step 9: calculating delta for judging whether the model converges according to the optimal load reduction amount of the electric thermal subsystem obtained in the step 5-7max：
δmax＝max(δi,...,δj,...,δk,...)
In the formula: Δ Le,iLoad reduction of the power system node i is carried out; Δ Lg,jLoad reduction of a natural gas system node j is realized; Δ Lh,kThe load of the thermodynamic system node k is reduced.
Step 10: if deltamax<δ, go to step 10, otherwise, go to step 9;
step 11: iteration counter n is n +1, if n<NHDOFTurning to the step 3, otherwise, the model is not converged and exits;
step 12: calculating the optimal load reduction amount delta L of the comprehensive energy systemΣ：
ΔLΣ＝ΔLe+ΔLg+ΔLh
In the formula:
and
respectively carrying out loads of the power system node, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k initially input in the step 1 and outputting loads of each energy concentrator; pe,i、Pg,jAnd Ph,kRespectively obtaining the load flow calculation results of the power system node i, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k obtained in the step 5 in the iteration; Δ Le、ΔLgAnd Δ LhRespectively the sum of the load reduction of the power system, the natural gas system and the thermodynamic system.
The calculation method for the optimal load reduction of the electrical and thermal comprehensive energy system based on the hierarchical decoupling realizes the optimal load reduction calculation of the electrical and thermal comprehensive energy system under the fault condition, and can be used for reliability evaluation of the electrical and thermal comprehensive energy system.
For the embodiment of the invention, the arithmetic example is composed of an IEEE 33 node power system, a 32 node thermal power system and a 14 node natural gas system, as shown in FIG. 5. The power output capacity of the IEEE 33 node system is 9MW, the peak load is 3.175MW, the power output capacity of the thermal system of the 32 node is 4.5MW, and the peak load is 2.164 MW. The output capacity of the 14-node natural gas system is 1.9MW, and the peak load is 0.285 MW. The compressor is driven by the gas turbine, and the tap position is the gas injection pipeline end. The parameter input comprises the following steps: the type, active load, reactive load, reference voltage and upper and lower voltage limits of nodes in an IEEE 33 node system; the position of the generator, the upper and lower limits of active power output and the upper and lower limits of reactive power output; the node topological relation, the resistance, the reactance, the tidal current limit and the like of the power line are shown in tables 1-3. The type, load power, upper and lower limits of air supply power and upper and lower limits of node air pressure of a 14-node natural gas system are determined; the node topological relation and the pipeline coefficient of the natural gas pipeline; the node topological relation, the characteristic constant, the maximum compression ratio and the minimum compression ratio of the compressor are shown in tables 4-6. Node load, upper limit of heat source output and upper and lower limits of temperature of node water supply and return in the 32-node thermodynamic system; the thermal pipeline's nodal topology, length, diameter, pipeline heat transfer coefficient, roughness, forward flow limit and reverse flow limit are shown in tables 7 and 8. The topological relation and the structure of the four energy concentrators are shown in fig. 4, the maximum limit of electricity/gas/heat input of the energy concentrator is equal to 1.5 times of the corresponding load of the access node, the electric heat load of the output side is equal to the corresponding load of the access node, and the transmission efficiency and the conversion efficiency parameters of equipment such as a transformer, an air conditioner, a cogeneration unit, a natural gas pipeline, a heat exchanger and the like are shown in a table 9.
The computer hardware configuration of the embodiment of the invention comprises Core i5-6500 CPU (3.20GHz), 8GB memory; the operating system is a Windows 10 operating system and the emulation software is MATLAB2018 a.
In the embodiment of the invention, the method for calculating the optimal load reduction of the electrical and thermal comprehensive energy system based on hierarchical decoupling is applied to reliability evaluation, the reliability level of the system in a line fault state is solved and analyzed, the reliability evaluation method is a state enumeration method, the index is EENS, the state enumeration order is 2, the unavailability of a power line, a natural gas pipeline and a thermal pipeline is 0.1%, the convergence threshold value delta of the comprehensive energy system hierarchical decoupling optimization model is 0.001, and the maximum iteration number N isHDOF＝100。
The embodiment of the invention is provided with 4 energy concentrators, the embodiment is taken as a basic embodiment A1, the internal structure of the energy concentrator is changed, elements with coupling action in the energy concentrator are an Air Conditioner (AC) and a combined heat and power generation unit (CHP), the air conditioner has electric-thermal coupling action, the combined heat and power generation unit has electric-thermal coupling action, and the change of the internal structure of the energy concentrator is completed by adding and deleting the three elements to form the embodiment. Example a2 a cogeneration unit was deleted on the basis of example a1, and only the electric heating coupling element air conditioner was retained; example A3, the air conditioner was deleted on the basis of example a1, and only the electric and thermal coupling element cogeneration unit was retained; example a4 energy hub only preserves the components transformers, natural gas pipeline, and heat exchanger, the electrical/gas/thermal subsystems are completely decoupled. The reliability analysis was performed on the sample A1-4, and the results are shown in Table 10.
Table 10 shows that the coupling element has a significant impact on system reliability. The energy concentrator in the coupling link has different structural settings, different coupling relations among subsystems of the comprehensive energy system, different transfer and conversion processes among corresponding different energy sources and different influences on reliability. Table 11 shows the energy subsystem coupling relationships corresponding to the energy hub in the examples of table 10, where the arrows indicate the energy flow directions. The impact of different energy hub configurations on electrical/thermal reliability was obtained and ranked according to tables 10 and 11, see table 12.
Table 12 ranks the reliability impact capabilities of the energy concentrator structures, with a positive sign "(+)" in parentheses indicating that the reliability impact is positive, i.e., increasing reliability, a negative sign "(-) -in parentheses indicating that the reliability impact is negative, i.e., decreasing reliability, and 0" (0) "in parentheses indicating that the reliability impact is zero, i.e., constant reliability. It can be seen that since CHP and AC can convert electricity and gas into heat, the introduction of an energy hub architecture, coupled with an electrical, natural gas and thermal system, provides a significant improvement in thermal reliability. But at the same time may also lead to a certain reduction in the gas or electrical reliability.
It should be emphasized that the examples described herein are illustrative and not restrictive, and thus the present invention includes, but is not limited to, those examples described in this detailed description, as well as other embodiments that can be derived from the teachings of the present invention by those skilled in the art and that are within the scope of the present invention.
TABLE 1 IEEE 33 node System node parameters
Here, the node type 1 indicates a PQ node, 2 indicates a PV node, and 3 indicates a balance node.
TABLE 2 IEEE 33 node System Generator parameters
TABLE 3 IEEE 33 node System Power line parameters
Table 414 node natural gas system node parameters
Wherein, the node type 1 represents a load node, and the node type 2 represents an air source node.
Natural gas pipeline parameters of natural gas system with nodes in table 514
Table 614 node natural gas system compressor parameters
Table 732 node thermodynamic system node and heat source parameters
Wherein, the node type 1 represents a load node, and the node type 2 represents a heat source node.
Table 832 node thermodynamic system thermodynamic pipe parameters
TABLE 9 energy hub device parameters
TABLE 10 reliability evaluation results of different coupling links
TABLE 11 energy subsystem coupling relationships
TABLE 12 influence of coupling element on reliability
Claims (8)
1. A hierarchical decoupling optimal load reduction method for an electric and thermal comprehensive energy system comprises an electric power system, a natural and thermal gas system, a thermodynamic system and an energy concentrator; the method is characterized in that a layered decoupling model is established, and optimal solution is carried out on the optimal load reduction of the comprehensive energy system, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: inputting reference data of each system in the comprehensive energy system into a hierarchical decoupling optimization model;
step 2: setting convergence threshold value delta and maximum iteration number N of hierarchical decoupling optimization modelHDOF(ii) a Making an initialization iteration number calculator n equal to 1;
and step 3: solving the energy hub at the outer layer of the layered decoupling model by adopting linear programming to achieve a scheduling optimization result, and taking the lowest load reduction as a target function:
in the formula: n is a radical ofEHThe number of coupling nodes, i.e. the number of energy concentrators; i is the energy concentrator label; e. g and h are three energy sources of electricity, gas and heat respectively; Δ Le,i、ΔLg,iAnd Δ Lh,iThe power load reduction amount, the air load reduction amount and the heat load reduction amount of the ith energy hub are respectively.
And 4, step 4: correcting the load of each energy subsystem in the inner layer in the hierarchical decoupling optimization model according to the scheduling optimization result of the energy concentrator system in the step 3;
and 5: calculating the optimal load flow of the load reduction of the power system to obtain the optimal load reduction of the power system;
step 6: calculating the optimal load flow of the load reduction of the natural gas system to obtain the optimal load reduction of the natural gas system;
and 7: calculating the optimal load flow of the thermodynamic system load reduction to obtain the optimal load reduction of the thermodynamic system;
and 8: correcting the upper limit value P input by the energy concentrator in the outer layer model according to the optimal load reduction of the electric power system, the natural gas system and the thermodynamic system which are respectively obtainedmax；
And step 9: calculating a difference vector delta of the hierarchical decoupling optimization model according to the optimal load reduction amount of the electric heating subsystem in the steps 5, 6 and 7max；
Step 10: if deltamax<δ, go to step 12, otherwise, go to the next step;
step 11: iteration counter n is n +1, if n<NHDOFTurning to the step 3, otherwise, the model is not converged and exits;
step 12: and outputting the optimal load reduction amount of the comprehensive energy system.
2. The method for reducing the optimal load of the electrical and thermal comprehensive energy system based on hierarchical decoupling according to claim 1, wherein an energy hub model is established according to the structural type and device parameters of the energy hub input in step 1, and a coupling matrix is used to accurately describe the conversion and distribution of various devices in the comprehensive energy system to energy such as electricity, heat, gas and the like:
in the formula: l, C and P vectors represent the input, coupling matrix and output of the energy hub, respectively; c. CijRepresenting the efficiency of energy transfer from the ith input energy source to the jth output energy source.
3. The method for reducing the optimal load of the electrical and thermal integrated energy system based on hierarchical decoupling according to claim 1, wherein the constraint conditions of the energy concentrator optimization objective function in step 3 are as follows:
in the formula: l, C and P represent the output, input and coupling matrix of the energy hub, respectively; pminAnd PmaxThe lower limit value and the upper limit value of P; delta L is the reduction of the electrical/gas/thermal output load of the energy concentrator; l is0Is the electric/gas/heat output load of the energy concentrator.
4. The method for reducing the optimal load of the electrical and thermal comprehensive energy system based on hierarchical decoupling according to claim 1, wherein the load of each energy subsystem in the inner layer in the hierarchical decoupling optimization model is corrected in step 4:
in the formula: l ise,i、Lg,jAnd Lh,kLoad reduction of a power system node i, a natural gas system node j and a thermodynamic system node k are respectively carried out; pe,i、Pg,jAnd Ph,kRespectively calculating tidal volumes obtained by the power system node i, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k in the step 3); i belongs to EH, j belongs to EH and k belongs to EH, and respectively represents that a power system node i, a natural gas system node j and a thermodynamic system node k are connected with an energy hub EH;
and
respectively indicating that the power system node i, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k are not connected with the energy hub EH; i is as large as NeRepresenting node i as a power system node; j is as large as NgRepresenting that the node j is a natural gas system node; k is as large as NhIndicating node k as a thermodynamic system node.
5. The method for reducing the optimal load of the electrical and thermal integrated energy system based on the hierarchical decoupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimal power flow model for reducing the load of the power system in the step 5 is as follows:
the optimal load reduction model of the power system is based on the optimal power flow, and the lowest load reduction is taken as a target function:
in the formula: n is a radical ofeIs electric powerThe number of nodes of the system; Δ Le,iAnd reducing the load of the power system node i. The constraints of the corresponding model are:
in the formula: Δ LeLoad reduction of the power system nodes is carried out; l iseLoading the nodes of the power system; peIs the power system node flow; p, Q, V and theta are respectively the active power flow, the reactive power flow, the voltage and the phase angle of the power system, and the upper and lower limits of the value are respectively expressed by the corresponding four formulas; equation feFor a node power equation of the relation between the grid node injection power and the node voltage, a power balance equation in a polar coordinate form is as follows:
in the formula: piAnd QiActive and reactive power, U, injected separately for node iiAnd UjVoltages at nodes i and j, GijAnd BijConductance and susceptance, theta, respectively, of the nodal admittance matrixijIs the voltage phase angle difference between nodes i and j, θij＝θi–θj。
6. The method for reducing the optimal load of the electrical and thermal integrated energy system based on the hierarchical decoupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimal power flow model for the load reduction of the natural gas system in the step 6 is as follows:
in the formula: n is a radical ofgThe number of nodes of the natural gas system; Δ Lg,jAnd reducing the load of the natural gas system node j. The constraints of the corresponding model are:
in the formula: Δ LgLoad reduction of natural gas system nodes is carried out; l isgLoading a natural gas system node; pgIs the natural gas system node trend; fmn、HcAnd pi is the branch flow of the natural gas network, the compressor power and the node air pressure respectively, and the upper limit and the lower limit of the value are respectively expressed by corresponding three formulas; equation fgIs a natural gas system trend equation:
AFmn+S-L-GFc＝0 (10)
in the formula: a is a topological matrix of the system, which represents the incidence relation between nodes and branches, and the branches comprise compressors and pipelines; s is the output of an air source node; l is the load node demand; g is an incidence matrix of the compressor and the nodes; if the compressor is driven by a gas turbine, i.e. the compressor needs to consume a certain amount of natural gas, FcConsumption of gas amount for compressor:
in the formula: a isc、bcAnd ccIs a fitting coefficient; hcIs the compressor power.
7. The method for reducing the optimal load of the electrical and thermal integrated energy system based on the hierarchical decoupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimal power flow model for reducing the load of the thermal system in the step 7 is as follows:
in the formula: n is a radical ofhThe number of nodes of the natural gas system; Δ Lh,kLoad reduction is carried out on a thermodynamic system node k; the constraints of the corresponding model are:
in the formula: Δ LhLoad reduction is carried out on nodes of the thermodynamic system; l ishLoading thermodynamic system nodes; phIs the thermodynamic system node trend; m, Ts、TrRespectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the value of the pipeline flow, the supply temperature and the return temperature of the node corresponding to the three formulas; equation feThe power flow equation of the thermodynamic system is as follows:
in the formula: Φ is the thermal power consumed or supplied by the node.
8. The method for reducing the optimal load of the electrical and thermal integrated energy system based on the hierarchical decoupling technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 12 comprises: calculating the optimal load reduction amount delta L of the comprehensive energy systemΣ：
In the formula:
and
respectively carrying out loads of the power system node, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k initially input in the step 1 and outputting loads of each energy concentrator; pe,i、Pg,jAnd Ph,kRespectively obtaining optimal power flow calculation results of the power system node i, the natural gas system node j and the thermodynamic system node k obtained in the step 5 in the iteration; Δ Le、ΔLgAnd Δ LhRespectively the sum of the load reduction of the power system, the natural gas system and the thermodynamic system.
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