CN110951955A - Low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery and production method thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110951955A CN110951955A CN201911096242.4A CN201911096242A CN110951955A CN 110951955 A CN110951955 A CN 110951955A CN 201911096242 A CN201911096242 A CN 201911096242A CN 110951955 A CN110951955 A CN 110951955A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The invention relates to low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: c: 0.06-0.08, Mn: 1.30 to 1.55, Nb: 0.020 to 0.030, Ti: 0.010 to 0.025, B: 0.0008-0.0016, Als is more than or equal to 0.015, and the balance of Fe and inevitable residual elements and impurities in the production process. The invention also provides a production method of the low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for the engineering machinery, in the heating procedure, the heating time of the plate blank in the heating furnace is 4-5 h, and the surface temperature of the plate blank at the end of heating is controlled within the range of 1080-1170 ℃; in the DQ + ACC cooling procedure, the start cooling temperature of the steel plate is more than or equal to 760 ℃, the final cooling temperature of the steel plate is 300-450 ℃, and the cooling time is 30-50 s. The invention can greatly reduce the production cost, obtain a fine and low-carbon mixed structure, have uniform and fine crystal grains and ensure the low-temperature toughness and high strength requirements of Q460 MD.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-strength steel plate and a production method thereof, in particular to low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery and a production method thereof.
Background
The steel for engineering machinery is an assembly of equipment for mining and various engineering constructions, such as a drilling machine, an electric shovel, an electric wheel dump truck, an excavator, a loader, a bulldozer, various cranes, a coal mine hydraulic support and the like. In the construction machinery product cost composition, the steel material accounts for about 30% of the total cost, and the medium plate product accounts for about 45% of the steel material cost.
In engineering machinery products, the welded structural part accounts for about 50-70% of the weight of the whole machine. Since the structural member is subjected to complicated and variable cyclic loads, low cost, high strength, high toughness and easy weldability are the development directions of steel for engineering machinery, and the requirements for the performance are more outstanding as the engineering machinery is developed to be large-sized and light-weighted.
Under the background, the low-alloy structural steel Q460MD with good low-temperature toughness and high strength becomes the main steel for engineering machinery products, wherein the maximum steel plate with the thickness of 20-40 mm is used.
At present, the strength of a 460MPa grade high-strength steel for engineering machinery is increased by adding Nb and V alloys, and the strength of a 460MPa grade steel plate is ensured by the fine-grain strengthening effect of Nb and the precipitation strengthening effect of V; however, the Nb and V alloys are expensive, so that the production cost is high; the patent with the publication number of CN103602891A discloses a high-toughness steel plate with the yield strength of 460MPa and a production method thereof, wherein the good matching of mechanical properties is ensured by adding 0.04-0.06 wt% of Nb and 0.04-0.07 wt% of V, but on one hand, the production method has high alloy cost, the cost of per ton steel alloy is increased by nearly 600 yuan, in addition, the Nb content is high, the crack sensitivity of a casting blank is improved, and the casting blank is easy to crack.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery, which reduces the crack sensitivity and production cost of a casting blank by introducing a small amount of Nb and B elements; the invention also provides a production method of Q460MD, which obtains a fine low-carbon mixed structure by improving the production process and ensures the requirements of low-temperature toughness and high strength of Q460 MD.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery, the mass percentage of each element component in the steel satisfies: c: 0.06-0.08, Mn: 1.30 to 1.55, Nb: 0.020 to 0.030, Ti: 0.010 to 0.025, B: 0.0008-0.0016, Als is more than or equal to 0.015, and the balance of Fe and inevitable residual elements and impurities in the production process.
A low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery is produced by the following steps of molten iron pre-desulfurization, converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, heating, controlled rolling and DQ + ACC cooling, and the improvement is that: the mass percentages of the element components in the continuous casting billet satisfy: c: 0.06-0.08, Mn: 1.30 to 1.55, Nb: 0.020 to 0.030, Ti: 0.010 to 0.025, B: 0.0008-0.0016, Als is more than or equal to 0.015, and the balance of Fe and inevitable residual elements and impurities in the production process.
In the production method of the steel Q460MD for the low-cost high-strength engineering machinery, in the heating process, the heating time of the plate blank in the heating furnace is 4-5 h, and the surface temperature of the plate blank at the end of heating is controlled within the range of 1080-1170 ℃;
in the DQ + ACC cooling procedure, the start cooling temperature of the steel plate is more than or equal to 760 ℃, the final cooling temperature of the steel plate is 300-450 ℃, and the cooling time is 30-50 s.
According to the production method of the low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for the engineering machinery, in the controlled rolling procedure, rolling is carried out in a CR mode, and the initial rolling temperature is 1030-1120 ℃; the finishing temperature of the first stage is more than 950 ℃; the initial rolling temperature of the second stage is less than or equal to 920 ℃, the thickness to be heated during the initial rolling of the second stage is more than 2.5 times of the thickness of a finished steel plate, the cumulative reduction rate of finish rolling is more than or equal to 60%, and the final rolling temperature is controlled within the range of 790-850 ℃.
In the production method of the low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for the engineering machinery, in the converter smelting process, the O content in the steel is controlled to be less than 600ppm, and the slag amount during tapping is controlled to be less than 0.01% of the molten steel amount, so that the cleanliness of the molten steel is ensured.
In the LF refining process, the refining time is controlled to be more than 35min, ferroniobium and ferrotitanium alloy are added for microalloying 10-15 min before refining is finished, and the grade sum of inclusions in the steel is effectively controlled not to exceed 1.5 grade.
In the production method of the steel Q460MD for the low-cost high-strength engineering machinery, in the continuous casting process, the overheating temperature of molten steel is controlled within the range of 10-35 ℃, and the drawing speed is controlled within the range of 0.75-0.95 m/min in the whole process; and (5) casting blank off-line stacking and slow cooling treatment.
The steel Q460MD for the low-cost high-strength engineering machinery is 20-40 mm in thickness.
A large number of researches show that the multiphase mixed structure obtained under the continuous cooling process comprises quasi-polygonal ferrite, acicular ferrite, bulk carbide and the like, wherein the quasi-polygonal ferrite and the acicular ferrite belong to non-equilibrium structures, and a large number of dislocation and excessive solid solution elements are accumulated in the quasi-polygonal ferrite and the acicular ferrite, so that the strength of the steel plate can be effectively improved.
According to the invention, the addition of Nb and V noble alloy is reduced, the crack sensitivity of the casting blank is reduced, the quality of the casting blank is ensured, in addition, the accumulated reduction of the second rolling process is ensured by low-temperature heating, a process route with high cooling speed and low final cooling temperature is adopted, a fine low-carbon mixed structure is obtained, the low-temperature toughness and high-strength requirements of Q460MD are ensured, the addition of Nb and V noble alloy is reduced on the premise of meeting the standard requirements, the low-cost production process of Q460MD is realized, and the method has very important significance.
In order to ensure that the mechanical properties of the steel plate meet the requirements of GB 1591-2018, the invention adopts the process flows of controlled rolling, ultra-fast cooling and accelerated cooling (DQ + ACC), and the parameter setting range of each process flow is mainly obtained by field tests on the basis of referring to the relevant metallurgical principle:
a. controlling the surface temperature of the plate blank heated by the heating furnace to be 1080-1170 ℃, so that the generation of iron scale in the heating process can be reduced, and descaling of a descaling box is facilitated; in the temperature range, the size of original austenite grains cannot grow rapidly, and grains are convenient to refine;
b. the rolling temperature of the first stage is controlled to be higher than 950 ℃ so as to ensure that the deformation of the steel plate is carried out in an austenite recrystallization temperature zone, and grains are refined through repeated recrystallization; the starting rolling temperature of the two stages is set below 920 ℃ so as to ensure that the deformation is carried out in a non-recrystallization temperature zone, thereby avoiding a part of recrystallization temperature zones and reducing the phenomenon of mixed crystals; the thickness of the steel plate in the two-stage rolling is controlled to be more than 2.5 times of the thickness of a finished product, so that the accumulated reduction rate is more than or equal to 60 percent, and sufficient phase change nucleation points (dislocation) and driving force (deformation energy) are obtained; the finish rolling temperature is controlled to be 790-850 ℃, so that the steel plate can be deformed at a lower temperature, and the phenomena of reduction of dislocation density such as recovery in a high-temperature stage are reduced; and the temperature of the steel plate entering the (DQ + ACC) equipment for controlled cooling under the finishing rolling temperature condition can be controlled to be more than or equal to 760 ℃ (about A of the steelr3Point +15 c) at which the structure of the steel sheet remains mainly austenitic, thereby ensuring that Q460MD forms a fine, low-carbon mixed structure.
c. Practical production shows that the final cooling temperature of the steel plate is controlled to be about 300-450 ℃ when the steel plate is subjected to ACC production, and at the moment, the undercooled austenite structure in the steel plate can be converted into a fine low-carbon mixed structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a small amount of Nb and B elements are introduced, so that the addition of noble alloy V is avoided, the production cost is greatly reduced, the crack sensitivity of the casting blank can be reduced by the small amount of Nb elements, and the quality of the casting blank is ensured; according to the invention, by adopting pure molten steel, optimized temperature-controlled rolling and DQ + ACC controlled cooling processes, a fine and dense low-carbon mixed structure is obtained, the crystal grains are uniform and fine, the requirements of low-temperature toughness and high strength of Q460MD are ensured, the mechanical properties meet the requirements of GB 1591-2018, and the method has a strong cost competitive advantage in similar enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 500 × micrograph of Q460MD produced in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a 500 × micrograph of Q460MD produced in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a 500 × micrograph of Q460MD produced in example 3;
FIG. 4 is a 500 × micrograph of Q460MD produced in example 4;
FIG. 5 is a 500 × micrograph of Q460MD produced in example 5;
fig. 6 is a 500 x microstructure of Q460MD produced in example 6.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: c = 0.06-0.08, Mn = 1.30-1.55, Nb = 0.020-0.030, Ti = 0.010-0.025, B = 0.0008-0.0016, Als is not less than 0.015, and the balance of Fe and inevitable residual elements and impurities in the production process.
The invention also provides a production method of the low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for the engineering machinery, which adopts the technical steps of molten iron pre-desulfurization, converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, heating by a heating furnace, controlled rolling and DQ + ACC cooling, wherein:
in the converter smelting process, the O content in steel is controlled to be below 600ppm, and the slag amount of tapping is controlled to be below 0.01% of the molten steel amount, so that the cleanliness of the molten steel is ensured;
in the LF refining process, the refining time is controlled to be more than 35min, ferroniobium and ferrotitanium are added for microalloying 10-15 min before refining is finished, and the grade sum of inclusions in steel is effectively controlled not to exceed 1.5 grade;
in the continuous casting process, the overheating temperature of molten steel is controlled within the range of 10-35 ℃, and the drawing speed is controlled within the range of 0.75-0.95 m/min in the whole process; casting blank off-line stacking and slow cooling treatment;
the heating time of the plate blank in the heating furnace is 4-5 h, and the surface temperature at the end of heating is controlled within the range of 1080-1170 ℃;
rolling in a CR mode in a rolling process is controlled, and the initial rolling temperature of a billet is 1030-1120 ℃; the initial rolling temperature of the second stage is less than or equal to 920 ℃, the thickness to be heated during the initial rolling of the second stage is more than 2.5 times of the thickness of a finished steel plate, the cumulative reduction rate of finish rolling is more than or equal to 60%, and the final rolling temperature is controlled within the range of 790-850 ℃;
and (DQ + ACC) cooling is adopted to control cooling, the starting cooling temperature of the steel plate is more than or equal to 760 ℃, the final cooling temperature of the steel plate is 300-450 ℃, and the cooling time is 30-50 s.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples 1 to 6:
in the embodiments 1-6, a 260mm large-section continuous casting billet is selected to ensure a compression ratio, Q460MD finished steel with the thickness specification of 20-40 mm is produced, the refining time is controlled to be more than 35min in the LF refining process, and the nitrogen absorption of the molten steel is prevented by the whole micro-positive pressure operation; lime, aluminum wires, aluminum particles and the like are adopted to make white slag for desulfurization, slag is rapidly formed, the gas flow is reasonably controlled in the desulfurization process, and large-gas stirring is strictly forbidden; ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, aluminum wires and ferrotitanium are adopted for component adjustment, Als adjustment is carried out after white slag formation and desulfurization in the later period of LF, ferroniobium and ferrotitanium are added for microalloying 10-15 min before refining is finished, and soft blowing time is not less than 3min before sampling after component adjustment is finished; s is less than or equal to 0.010wt% when the steel is out of the station, Ca is more than or equal to 25ppm, and the grade sum of the inclusions in the steel is effectively controlled not to exceed 1.5 grade; in the continuous casting process, the whole process of protective casting is carried out, electromagnetic stirring and dynamic soft reduction in a secondary cooling area are used, the overheating temperature of molten steel is stably controlled within the range of 10-35 ℃, and the whole process of drawing speed is controlled within the range of 0.75-0.95 m/min; and (5) stacking and slow cooling the casting blank off the line, wherein the cooling time is longer than 24 h.
Examples 1 to 6 were conducted to produce Q460MD finished steels with thicknesses of 20, 22, 25, 30, 35, and 40mm, respectively,
the continuous casting process and chemical composition are shown in table 1, the rolling and cooling process is shown in table 2, and the mechanical property test results are shown in table 3.
Table 1 continuous casting process and chemical composition for examples 1-6
TABLE 2 controlled Rolling + (DQ + ACC) Process of examples 1-6
TABLE 3 mechanical properties of the examples
Table 3 shows that the mechanical properties of 6 examples completely meet the requirements of GB 1591-2018; as shown in the figures 1-6 of the drawings,
aiming at 6 embodiments with different thickness specifications, a corresponding appropriate production process is adopted, a similar structure can be obtained, the structure is polygonal ferrite, quasi-polygonal ferrite and acicular ferrite, wherein the quasi-polygonal ferrite and the acicular ferrite are metastable structures, a large amount of dislocation and supersaturated alloy elements are contained in the metastable structures, the strength of the steel plate can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the appropriate amount of polygonal ferrite can ensure the plasticity of the steel plate, and finally the steel plate meets the standard requirements of GB/T1591 + 2018.
Claims (8)
1. Low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery, its characterized in that: the steel comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: c: 0.06-0.08, Mn: 1.30 to 1.55, Nb: 0.020 to 0.030, Ti: 0.010 to 0.025, B: 0.0008-0.0016, Als is more than or equal to 0.015, and the balance of Fe and inevitable residual elements and impurities in the production process.
2. The production method of the low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for the engineering machinery comprises the working procedures of molten iron pre-desulfurization, converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, heating, controlled rolling and DQ + ACC cooling, and is characterized in that: the mass percentages of all elements in the continuous casting billet are as follows: c: 0.06-0.08, Mn: 1.30 to 1.55, Nb: 0.020 to 0.030, Ti: 0.010 to 0.025, B: 0.0008-0.0016, Als is more than or equal to 0.015, and the balance of Fe and inevitable residual elements and impurities in the production process.
3. The production method of the low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the heating procedure, the heating time of the plate blank in a heating furnace is 4-5 h, and the surface temperature of the plate blank at the end of heating is controlled within the range of 1080-1170 ℃;
in the DQ + ACC cooling procedure, the start cooling temperature of the steel plate is more than or equal to 760 ℃, the final cooling temperature of the steel plate is 300-450 ℃, and the cooling time is 30-50 s.
4. The production method of the low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the controlled rolling procedure, rolling is carried out in a CR mode, and the initial rolling temperature is 1030-1120 ℃; the finishing temperature of the first stage is more than 950 ℃; the initial rolling temperature of the second stage is less than or equal to 920 ℃, the thickness to be heated during the initial rolling of the second stage is more than 2.5 times of the thickness of a finished steel plate, the cumulative reduction rate of finish rolling is more than or equal to 60%, and the final rolling temperature is controlled within the range of 790-850 ℃.
5. The production method of the low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the converter smelting process, the O content in steel is controlled to be less than 600ppm, and the slag amount of tapping is controlled to be less than 0.01% of the molten steel amount, so that the cleanliness of the molten steel is ensured.
6. The production method of the low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the LF refining process, the refining time is controlled to be more than 35min, ferroniobium and ferrotitanium are added for microalloying 10-15 min before refining is finished, and the total level of inclusions in steel is effectively controlled not to exceed 1.5 level.
7. The production method of the low-cost high-strength steel Q460MD for engineering machinery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the continuous casting process, the overheating temperature of the molten steel is controlled within the range of 10-35 ℃, and the whole drawing speed is controlled within the range of 0.75-0.95 m/min; and (5) casting blank off-line stacking and slow cooling treatment.
8. The steel Q460MD for low-cost and high-strength engineering machinery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the steel for the high-strength engineering machinery is 20-40 mm.
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| US4530719A (en) * | 1983-04-12 | 1985-07-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Austenitic stainless steel for high temperature applications |
| CN101016600A (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2007-08-15 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | C-Mn-Ti-Nb series hot-rolled high strength high magnetic induction performance steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103510000A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2014-01-15 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Ship and marine engineering steel with characteristics of high toughness and low NDT temperature, and production process thereof |
| CN107475634A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-12-15 | 河钢股份有限公司邯郸分公司 | Inexpensive FH460 levels ship and offshore engineering structure steel and its production method |
| CN108330395A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-07-27 | 东南大学 | A kind of heat treatment process of low-alloy high-strength and high-ductility steel |
| CN109023064A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-18 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | With low-temperature flexibility structural steel for bridge Q345qE steel band and its production method |
| CN109182929A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-11 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Applied to the strong dual phase steel DP780 of engineering machinery overall height and its production method |
-
2019
- 2019-11-11 CN CN201911096242.4A patent/CN110951955A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4530719A (en) * | 1983-04-12 | 1985-07-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Austenitic stainless steel for high temperature applications |
| CN101016600A (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2007-08-15 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | C-Mn-Ti-Nb series hot-rolled high strength high magnetic induction performance steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103510000A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2014-01-15 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Ship and marine engineering steel with characteristics of high toughness and low NDT temperature, and production process thereof |
| CN107475634A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-12-15 | 河钢股份有限公司邯郸分公司 | Inexpensive FH460 levels ship and offshore engineering structure steel and its production method |
| CN108330395A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-07-27 | 东南大学 | A kind of heat treatment process of low-alloy high-strength and high-ductility steel |
| CN109023064A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-18 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | With low-temperature flexibility structural steel for bridge Q345qE steel band and its production method |
| CN109182929A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-11 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Applied to the strong dual phase steel DP780 of engineering machinery overall height and its production method |
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