CN110948440B - Press fitting tool and press fitting method - Google Patents
Press fitting tool and press fitting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110948440B CN110948440B CN201911168557.5A CN201911168557A CN110948440B CN 110948440 B CN110948440 B CN 110948440B CN 201911168557 A CN201911168557 A CN 201911168557A CN 110948440 B CN110948440 B CN 110948440B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
- B25B27/02—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for connecting objects by press fit or detaching same
- B25B27/023—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for connecting objects by press fit or detaching same using screws
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical cooperation, and discloses a press-fitting tool which is used for pressing a shaft into a hole in a body and comprises a bottom plate, wherein a first bolt sleeve and a second bolt sleeve are arranged on the same surface of the bottom plate, the height of the second bolt sleeve is smaller than that of the first bolt sleeve, a first bolt and a second bolt are respectively arranged in the first bolt sleeve and the second bolt sleeve, and the first bolt is used for being matched with a threaded hole in the body; and one side of the pressure plate is abutted against the tail end of the second bolt, and the other side of the pressure plate is abutted against the shaft so as to press the shaft into the hole under the abutting of the second bolt. According to the invention, the press plate is matched with the bottom plate, and the first bolt sleeve and the second bolt are arranged on the press plate, so that interference fit press mounting between shaft holes with different interference magnitude can be realized; the device is particularly suitable for the power machinery matching of any alloy or casting needing interference fit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical cooperation, in particular to a press fitting tool and a press fitting method.
Background
Interference fit between the bore and shaft is a common problem in the mechanical field. For example, in the cylinder block of a large displacement engine, such as a cylinder block with 6 cylinders in a straight line or V-shaped or even a cylinder block with more cylinders, in view of reducing the casting rejection rate in combination with the current status of the casting process, a press-in type cylinder liner is mostly adopted, and the press-in type cylinder liner and a press-fitting bottom hole of the cylinder block are in interference fit and need to be installed by adopting corresponding tools.
However, as the explosion pressure of the engine rises, the interference between the press-in cylinder liner and the cylinder block needs to be increased to avoid the situation of cylinder liner separation under the extreme working condition of the maximum explosion pressure. However, with the increase of interference, the difficulty of the cylinder sleeve in the assembling process is increased sharply. At present, cold pressing technology is adopted mostly at home and abroad, namely, after a cylinder block is heated or a cylinder sleeve is cooled by liquid nitrogen, the cylinder sleeve is placed into the cylinder block and cooled to room temperature, and interference mounting is realized. When the interference magnitude is large and is at the upper limit (maximum interference) of the design, larger friction force needs to be overcome during press mounting, so that the problem of improper press mounting can occur, the problem of sinking of the cylinder sleeve can be caused after the final engine is operated, and the cylinder gasket is failed after the cylinder sleeve sinks seriously, so that the engine fails.
Therefore, a press-fitting tool is needed to achieve an interference fit type press-fitting between the hole shafts.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a press-fitting tool to address the problem of interference fit between the bore and the shaft.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
it is an object of the present invention to provide a press-fitting tool comprising:
the bolt comprises a base plate, a first bolt sleeve and a second bolt sleeve are arranged on the same surface of the base plate, the height of the second bolt sleeve is smaller than that of the first bolt sleeve, a first bolt and a second bolt are respectively arranged in the first bolt sleeve and the second bolt sleeve, and the first bolt is used for being matched with a threaded hole in the body;
and one side of the pressure plate is abutted against the tail end of the second bolt, and the other side of the pressure plate is abutted against the shaft so as to press the shaft into the hole under the abutting of the second bolt.
Optionally, the pressing plate is a circular plate, and a concave pit is formed in the center of the upper surface of the pressing plate and matched with the tail end of the second bolt.
Optionally, the lower surface of the pressure plate has a convex surface, and the outer diameter of the convex surface is smaller than the outer diameter of the upper surface of the pressure plate.
Optionally, the first and second bolt sleeves are welded to the base plate or are integrally formed with the base plate.
Optionally, the first bolt sleeve and the second bolt sleeve are arranged on both sides of the bottom plate.
Optionally, the end of the second bolt is provided with a spherical tip.
Optionally, the first sleeve of bolts is evenly distributed around the second sleeve of bolts.
Optionally, the first bolt sleeves are uniformly distributed on the bottom plate, or the first bolt sleeves have different distribution densities in different areas of the bottom plate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a press-fitting method for solving the problem of interference fit between a cylinder liner and a cylinder block, the press-fitting method including the steps of:
s1, placing the cylinder sleeve into a bottom hole opening of the cylinder block;
s2, placing the pressure plate on the cylinder sleeve;
s3, placing the bottom plate on the top surface of the cylinder block so that each of the second bolt sleeves on the bottom plate is positioned opposite to the cylinder liner, placing the first bolt sleeves on both sides of the bottom hole on the cylinder block, screwing the first bolt into the threaded hole on the cylinder block, and screwing the first bolt to fix the bottom plate to the cylinder block;
and S4, twisting the second bolt to apply proper torque to press the pressure plate so as to press the cylinder sleeve into the cylinder block.
Optionally, before the step S1, a step S0 is further included: the cylinder block is heated and held in a heating furnace for a certain period of time, and then the cylinder block is taken out of the heating furnace.
In step S4, the second bolt is spun onto the upper surface of the pressure plate, and the spherical top end of the head of the second bolt corresponds to the position of the concave pit on the pressure plate, so as to be centered adaptively, so that the axial force pressing on the pressure plate is enough to ensure that the cylinder sleeve is pressed to an ideal position after being cooled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the press-fitting tool, the press plate is matched with the bottom plate, the shaft is pressed into the hole in the body by applying axial force to the shaft, and interference fit press-fitting between shaft holes with different interference magnitude can be realized; the device is particularly suitable for the power machinery matching of any alloy or casting needing interference fit.
(2) According to the press fitting tool, the first bolt sleeve and the second bolt sleeve are arranged, so that the second bolt can apply enough axial force to the shaft, the first bolt can reliably connect the press fitting tool, accurate interference fit between shaft holes is achieved, and an ideal position is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a press-fitting tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a press-fitting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention for press-fitting of a cylinder liner and a cylinder block;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a base plate with a peripheral bolt sleeve and a central bolt sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of FIG. 3;
fig. 5A is a bottom view of a press plate structure in a press-fitting tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5B is a top view of a press plate structure in the press-fitting tool according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5C is a side view of a press plate structure in the press-fitting tool provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5D is an enlarged view of a portion of area A of FIG. 5C;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second bolt in the press-fitting tool according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a cylinder liner; a cylinder block; 3, pressing a plate; 4, a bottom plate;
5. a first bolt sleeve; a second bolt sleeve; a first bolt; a second bolt;
301. a pit; convex round surface 302; spherical tip 801.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
Example one
The present embodiment provides a press-fitting tool particularly suitable for press-fitting of an interference fit of a hole and a shaft. In interference fit, the difference obtained by reducing the maximum limit size of the hole from the minimum limit size of the shaft is the minimum interference, and the maximum interference is the loosest state of the fit of the hole and the shaft; the difference value obtained by reducing the minimum limit size of the hole from the maximum limit size of the shaft is the maximum interference, and the hole and the shaft are in the tightest fit state.
The hole and the shaft in the present embodiment are described by taking an interference fit between a cylinder and a cylinder liner in an engine as an example, but the press-fitting tool in the present embodiment is not limited to press-fitting between a cylinder block and a cylinder liner. In this embodiment, the cylinder block can select for the aluminum alloy material, and the cylinder jacket can select for cast iron material, carries out interference fit between the two, realizes tightest installation to avoid appearing the sunken condition of cylinder jacket under the extreme operating mode of maximum burst pressure.
As shown in fig. 1, the press-fitting tool provided in this embodiment includes a bottom plate 4, and a first bolt socket 5 and a second bolt socket 6 distributed on the bottom plate 4, and a first bolt 7 is disposed in the first bolt socket 5. As shown in fig. 2, a first bolt 7 may be fixedly coupled with the cylinder block 2 to be fitted to fix the press-fitting tool of the present embodiment to the cylinder block 2. The press-fitting tool provided in this embodiment further includes a pressing plate 3. The second bolt housing 6 is provided therein with a second bolt 8, as shown in fig. 2, the second bolt 8 may press against the pressure plate 3 to press the cylinder liner 1 to be fitted into the cylinder block 2. As shown in fig. 2, the cylinder block 2 may be a block of a V-type, L-type, 4-cylinder, 6-cylinder or 12-cylinder engine.
In this embodiment, after the first bolt 7 fixedly connects the bottom plate 4 with the cylinder block 2, the second bolt 8 presses against the cylinder sleeve 1, and by using the principle of acting force and reaction force, as long as the strength of the press-fitting tool is ensured to be high enough, the press-fitting tool can realize the press-fitting with any large force on the premise of not damaging the bottom holes of the cylinder sleeve 1 and the cylinder block 2. After press fitting is completed, the press fitting tool can be detached from the cylinder block 2. Alternatively, after press fitting is completed, the press fitting tool may not be removed from the cylinder block 2, but may remain on the cylinder block 2 to ensure that the cylinder liner 1 does not slip.
For example, for a V-type 6 cylinder engine, there are six bottom holes in each cylinder block 2, one for each second bolt sleeve 6. In the present embodiment, two press-fitting tools are used for assembly, and three second bolt bushes 6 are provided on each press-fitting tool. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, at least four first bolt sleeves 5 are arranged around each second bolt sleeve 6 to ensure that the reverse thrust of any one second bolt 8 is completely balanced, so as to prevent the bottom plate 4 from deforming and failing. Each base plate 4 now has three second bolt sockets 6 and eight first bolt sockets 5. Of course, it is also possible to use one base plate 4 for assembly, with six second bolt sockets 6 and twelve peripheral bolt sockets 5 per base plate 4.
Before press fitting, the height of the first bolt sleeve 5 is greater than the sum of the heights of the second bolt sleeve 6 and the pressure plate 3, so that the second bolt 8 can be ensured to have enough pressing space, and enough abutting pressure is applied to the pressure plate 3.
The upper and lower surfaces of the pressure plate 3 and the bottom plate 4 ensure strict flatness and parallelism, so that stable axial force is generated during the tightening process of the first bolts 7 and the second bolts 8.
The purpose of arranging the first bolt sleeve 5 and the second bolt sleeve 6 is to increase the screwing length of the threads of the first bolt 7 and the second bolt 8 so as to enable the second bolt 8 to obtain a larger axial force to press the pressure plate 3, so that the cylinder sleeve 1 can be pressed in place. Therefore, the first bolt sleeve 5 and the second bolt sleeve 6 are welded with the bottom plate 4 and then are internally threaded together with the bottom plate 4. If the bottom plate 4 is produced by casting, a plurality of bulges can be directly cast on the bottom plate 4, and the plurality of bulges and the bottom plate 4 are machined with internal threads corresponding to the plurality of first bolt sleeves 5 and the plurality of second bolt sleeves 6, so that enough spiral screwing length can be obtained.
The first and second bolt pockets 5 and 6 may be provided on a single side of the bottom plate 4, or may be provided on both sides of the bottom plate 4.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the first and second bolt pockets 5 and 6 are uniformly distributed on the bottom plate 4 to balance the resisting force. Further alternatively, the first bolt pockets 5 may be unevenly distributed on the bottom plate 4, at least divided into a first distribution area and a second distribution area, the density of the first bolt pockets 5 in the first distribution area being greater than the density of the first bolt pockets 5 in the second distribution area. Since the edge of the cylinder block 2 is more likely to fail due to thermal effects, external impact effects, and the like, fewer screw holes should be provided here, thereby reducing the number of first bolt bushes 5. Further optionally, the position distribution of the first bolt sleeves 5 corresponds to the position of a threaded hole for installing a cylinder head on the cylinder block 2, so that the fixing of the press-fitting tool is realized.
As shown in fig. 5A to 5D, the platen 3 is a circular plate having a circular depression 301 in the center of the upper surface. The recess 301 cooperates with the second bolt 8 such that the second bolt 8 is centered in the recess 301 and can press the pressure plate 3 against the cylinder liner 1. The lower surface of clamp plate 3 has convex surface 302, and the external diameter of convex surface 302 is less than the internal diameter of cylinder jacket 1, and during the pressure equipment, convex surface 302 is located cylinder jacket 1, guarantees that second bolt 8 pushes down the in-process axial force and is located the axis of cylinder jacket 1.
In the press mounting process, the pressure plate 3 is arranged on the end surface of the cylinder sleeve 1, the convex surface 302 is positioned in the cylinder sleeve 1, and the pressure plate 3 is only contacted with the cylinder sleeve 1 for press mounting in a matching way, but not contacted with the cylinder block 2, so that the problem that the cylinder sleeve 1 is not pressed in place is solved.
As shown in fig. 6, the head of the second bolt 8 is provided with a spherical top 801, and the second bolt 8 is turned to press against the pressure plate 3 sufficiently to ensure that the cylinder liner 1 is pressed to a desired position after the temperature is cooled, for example, the shoulder of the cylinder liner 1 is attached to the end surface of the cylinder block 2.
Example two
The embodiment provides a press fitting method for interference fit between a cylinder sleeve and a cylinder block, which uses the press fitting tool and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the cylinder liner 1 into the bottom hole opening of the cylinder block 2;
s2, placing the pressure plate 3 on the cylinder liner 1;
s3, placing the bottom plate 4 on the top surface of the cylinder block 2 such that each second bolt bushing 6 on the bottom plate 4 is located opposite to the cylinder liner 1 and the first bolt bushings 5 are located on both sides of the cylinder hole on the cylinder block 2, then screwing the first bolts 7 into the threaded holes on the cylinder block 2, and screwing the first bolts 7 to fix the bottom plate 4 on the cylinder block 2;
s4, the second bolt 8 is turned to apply a suitable torque against the pressure plate 3 to press-fit the cylinder liner 1 into the cylinder block 2.
Optionally, before the step S1, a step S0 may be further included: the cylinder block 2 is heated and held in the heating furnace for a certain period of time. The purpose is to make the press-fitting bottom hole of the machined cylinder block 2 fully expanded, and then take the cylinder block 2 out of the heating furnace. The bottom press-fitting hole refers to a cylinder hole on the cylinder block 2 for installing the cylinder sleeve 1.
Specifically, in step S4, the second bolt 8 is spun onto the upper surface of the pressure plate 3, and the spherical top 801 of the head of the second bolt 8 corresponds to the position of the concave pit 301 on the pressure plate 3, so as to be centered adaptively; the spinning moment is determined by taking the bottom hole as a moment without being damaged; the axial force pressing on the pressure plate 3 is enough to ensure that the cylinder sleeve 1 is pressed to an ideal position after the temperature is cooled, namely, the circular bead of the cylinder sleeve 1 is attached to the end face of the cylinder hole of the cylinder block 2.
Alternatively, after the cylinder block 2 is completely cooled, the platen 3 and the base plate 4 are removed. Or alternatively, the platen 3 and the base plate 4 are not removed.
In the press fitting process, the boss surface 302 of the pressure plate 3 can be completely pressed on the top of the cylinder sleeve 1 and cannot be deviated to the outside, and the pressure plate 3 cannot be contacted with the cylinder block 2 in the press fitting process, so that the condition that the pressure of the cylinder sleeve 1 is not in place due to the blocking of the top end of the cylinder block 2 is avoided.
The above embodiment has been described in detail with the interference fit between the cylinder liner 1 and the cylinder block 2, and the press-fitting tool can be applied to the entire process of press-fitting and pressure holding, so that the press-fitting efficiency can be greatly shortened.
By applying the press fitting tool and the press fitting method provided by the invention, the maximum interference fit between the cylinder sleeve 1 and the cylinder body 2 can be realized, and the normal and stable operation of an engine is further ensured. The invention can also be applied to other shaft hole assemblies needing the most interference fit. The shaft may be a solid shaft or a hollow shaft.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, adaptations and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A press fitting tool for pressing a shaft into a bore in a body, comprising:
the bolt structure comprises a base plate (4), wherein a first bolt sleeve (5) and a second bolt sleeve (6) are arranged on the same surface of the base plate (4), the height of the second bolt sleeve (6) is smaller than that of the first bolt sleeve (5), a first bolt (7) and a second bolt (8) are respectively arranged in the first bolt sleeve (5) and the second bolt sleeve (6), and the first bolt (7) is used for being matched with a threaded hole in the body;
the pressing plate (3) is abutted with the tail end of the second bolt (8) on one side, and the shaft is abutted with the other side of the pressing plate (3) so as to press the shaft into the hole under the abutting of the second bolt (8);
the first bolt sleeve (5) and the second bolt sleeve (6) are welded on the bottom plate (4) or integrally formed with the bottom plate (4), and the first bolt sleeve (5), the second bolt sleeve (6) and the bottom plate (4) are all provided with internal threads.
2. A press-fitting tool as set forth in claim 1, wherein said pressing plate (3) is a circular plate, and said pressing plate (3) has a recess (301) in the center of its upper surface, said recess (301) being fitted with the tip of said second bolt (8).
3. A press-fitting tool as set forth in claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the pressing plate (3) has a convex circular surface (302), and the convex circular surface (302) has an outer diameter smaller than that of the upper surface of the pressing plate (3).
4. A press-fitting tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second bolt bushes (5, 6) are provided on both sides of the bottom plate (4).
5. A press-fitting tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second bolt (8) is provided at its distal end with a spherical tip (801).
6. A press-fitting tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first sleeve (5) is uniformly distributed around said second sleeve (6).
7. A press-fitting tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first bolt pockets (5) are uniformly distributed on said bottom plate (4), or said first bolt pockets (5) have different distribution densities in different regions of said bottom plate (4).
8. A press-fitting method for an interference fit between a cylinder liner and a cylinder block, using the press-fitting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, placing the cylinder sleeve (1) into a bottom hole opening of the cylinder block (2);
s2, placing the pressure plate (3) on the cylinder sleeve (1);
s3, placing the bottom plate (4) on the top surface of the cylinder block (2) so that each second bolt sleeve (6) on the bottom plate (4) is opposite to the position of the cylinder liner (1), placing the first bolt sleeves (5) on both sides of the upper bottom hole of the cylinder block (2), screwing the first bolts (7) into the threaded holes on the cylinder block (2), screwing the first bolts (7), and fixing the bottom plate (4) on the cylinder block (2);
s4, the second bolt (8) is turned to apply proper torque to press the pressure plate (3) so as to press the cylinder sleeve (1) into the cylinder block (2).
9. A press-fitting method for interference fit between a cylinder liner and a cylinder block according to claim 8, further comprising, before step S1, step S0: heating and holding the cylinder block (2) in a heating furnace for a certain period of time, and then taking out the cylinder block (2) from the heating furnace;
in step S4, the second bolt (8) is spun onto the upper surface of the pressure plate (3), and the spherical top end (801) of the head of the second bolt (8) corresponds to the position of the concave pit (301) on the pressure plate (3) to realize adaptive centering, so that the axial force pressing on the pressure plate (3) is enough to ensure that the cylinder sleeve (1) is pressed to a desired position after temperature cooling.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911168557.5A CN110948440B (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2019-11-25 | Press fitting tool and press fitting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911168557.5A CN110948440B (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2019-11-25 | Press fitting tool and press fitting method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110948440A CN110948440A (en) | 2020-04-03 |
| CN110948440B true CN110948440B (en) | 2021-03-09 |
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| CN201911168557.5A Active CN110948440B (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2019-11-25 | Press fitting tool and press fitting method |
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Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5784783A (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 1998-07-28 | Carpenter; Donald L. | Method of removing an injector sleeve |
| CN201168953Y (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2008-12-24 | 童春辉 | Rapid detacher for cylinder jacket |
| CN204585129U (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-08-26 | 扬州恒星精密机械有限公司 | A kind of screw-thread bush press-loading device |
| CN207014290U (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2018-02-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of cylinder sleeve of engine not damaged press-in device |
| CN110170961A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-08-27 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Cylinder sleeve assembly tooling suitable for diesel engine |
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