CN110948181A - Method for accurately controlling size of conical variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component - Google Patents
Method for accurately controlling size of conical variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for accurately controlling the size of a conical variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component, which comprises the steps of cutting, soft mold shaping, oil bath treatment and the like, so that the conical variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component is high in size precision, good in geometric symmetry, low in stress value, small in size change in the using and long-storage processes, and capable of remarkably improving comprehensive use performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal heat treatment, and particularly relates to a method for accurately controlling the size of a conical variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component.
Background
At present, the materials for manufacturing the tapered wall thickness-variable thin-wall component mainly comprise: copper, iron, depleted uranium, copper alloys, etc., wherein the pure copper material has a high density (8.93 g/cm)3) The material has good plasticity (the elongation is more than or equal to 50 percent), large sound velocity (4700m/s), high melting point (1083 ℃), good forming performance (the plastic deformation limit is more than 95 percent), rich storage and low price, and can meet the commercial use requirements.
The existing plastic forming process of the conical wall-thickness-variable thin-wall component mainly comprises stamping, spinning and warm extrusion, and the processes have the following defects: firstly, the stamping process belongs to local loading forming, the anisotropy of the plate is serious, mixed crystal tissues exist in a deformation weak area, the angle deviation reaches +/-10', and the straightness of the inner conical wall surface and the outer conical wall surface ranges from 0.04mm to 0.09 mm; secondly, the spinning texture is asymmetric (the polar density value reaches 10), the texture is uneven, the fitting degree of an inner cone and a core die is not high, the out-of-roundness reaches 0.1mm, and the spinning trace is 0.04 mm-0.1 mm; thirdly, the process of warm extrusion and cutting process, the internal crystal grains grow up rapidly along with the rise of temperature, the surface oxidation is serious, and the parts are obtained through cutting process, the inner surface quality is not high (the roughness is more than 3.2 mu m), the tool mark is serious (reaching 0.1mm), and the key of influencing the comprehensive use performance is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for accurately controlling the size of a conical variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component, which comprises the steps of cutting, soft mold shaping, oil bath treatment and the like, so that the conical variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component is high in size accuracy, good in geometric symmetry, low in stress value, small in size change in the using and long-storage processes, and capable of remarkably improving the comprehensive use performance.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for accurately controlling the dimension of a conical variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component is realized by the following process steps:
(1) preparation of the conical shell part: the copper conical shell member formed by multi-pass cold extrusion has a single-conical, double-conical and eccentric sub-hemispherical structure, and is precisely shaped by recrystallization heat treatment and cold extrusion, and a typical conical component is shown in figure 1.
By adopting a modern material testing method, the average grain size of the copper cone is 5-8 mu m, the roughness Ra (0.04-0.2) mu m of the inner cone surface and the angle deviation of the inner cone is less than or equal to 2'.
(2) Semi-precision cutting machining: clamping the copper cone obtained in the step (1) on a cutting machining tool shown in figure 2, and performing semi-precision cutting machining by taking the inner molded surface of the cone as a positioning reference, wherein the rotating speed of a numerical control lathe is 500 r/min-800 r/min, the feed amount is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm, and the wall thickness of the cone is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm (figure 3).
(3) Soft mold shaping: and (3) placing the blank obtained in the step (2) into a shaping soft die shown in figure 4, and performing multi-pass soft die shaping under the action of certain pressure.
(4) Oil bath treatment: and (3) placing the blank obtained in the step (3) into a constant-temperature oil bath pool at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, wherein the vibration frequency of the conical piece in the oil bath pool is 400-1000 Hz, and the treatment time is 2-6 hours.
(5) Precision cutting machining: and (3) clamping the blank obtained in the step (4) on a cutting machining tool shown in figure 2, and performing precise cutting machining by taking the inner molded surface of the conical piece as a positioning reference, wherein the rotating speed of a numerical control lathe is 800 r/min-1200 r/min, and the feed amount is 0.03 mm-0.1 mm, as shown in figure 5.
And (3) reserving the precision cutting allowance of 0.1-0.3 mm of the conical surface wall thickness allowance in the step (2) according to the shape, the structure and the size, and preparing for subsequent soft die shaping and precision cutting processing steps.
In the step (3), the acting force between the shaping paths of the soft mold is determined according to the surface area (the general size is 5 decimeters)2About 20 decimeters2) The unit area pressure is determined to be 2MPa to 8 MPa.
And (3) performing multi-pass soft die shaping in the step (3), wherein according to the wall thickness of 1-4 mm, the more soft die shaping passes are performed when the wall thickness is larger, and the shaping is generally performed for (4-12) times.
And (4) controlling the treatment temperature of the oil bath in the step (4) to be 80-120 ℃, and enabling the conical piece to vibrate in the oil bath and to collide and impact with the liquid oil to eliminate the surface stress.
And (5) precisely cutting, wherein the feed amount is 0.03-0.1 mm, and 3-5 times of precise cutting are determined according to the wall thickness and the size of the conical body.
The multi-pass cold extrusion forming comprises 1-pass forward extrusion forming, 4-pass backward extrusion forming and 1-pass final forming; the recrystallization heat treatment is a nitrogen atmosphere protective furnace, the heat treatment process is carried out at 350 ℃ for 1 hour, and water is cooled; the wall thickness of the cold extrusion precise shaping wall is reduced by 0.02 mm-0.05 mm.
The formula of the oil bath is (40-60)% cottonseed oil + (20-40)% soybean oil + (10-20)% dimethyl silicone oil.
The method of the invention has the following obvious advantages: the invention adopts semi-precision cutting processing to eliminate the wall thickness difference and symmetry of the cold extrusion forming component; the soft die shaping method is adopted, and the dimensional accuracy of the inner surface of the conical part is improved through automatic yielding of the soft die in the shaping process; the oil bath treatment is adopted, so that the compressive stress and the residual stress of different parts in the semi-precision cutting and soft die shaping processes are effectively removed; and finally, obtaining the component with high dimensional precision and surface quality by precision cutting. The method has the advantages of uniform and fine equiaxed crystal structure, low stress value of different parts, uniformity, high dimensional precision, good surface quality and good dimensional stability, and provides a new preparation method for developing high-performance fine-grain copper conical thin-wall components. The invention overcomes the technical problems of low dimensional precision, easy deformation in the long-term storage process, poor surface quality and the like of the component obtained by the conventional preparation method, and has the advantages of high production efficiency, good process stability, easy realization of industrial production and the like.
(1) The product size precision is high. The coaxiality of the product prepared by the method is less than or equal to 0.025mm, the roundness is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and the cone angle deviation is less than or equal to 1'.
(2) The product has good dimensional stability. The product prepared by the method is stored in a natural environment for 6 months, the change rate of the coaxiality is less than 1 percent, and the change rate of the roundness of the inner cone is less than 1 percent; the storage period is 24 months, the change rate of the coaxiality is less than 1 percent, and the change rate of the roundness of the inner cone is less than 1 percent.
(3) The product performance is good. The inner shape of the conical component is not processed, and the technical problems of poor ductility fluidity and poor ductility of the processing cutting marks under the action of high temperature and high pressure are solved.
(4) The product quality is effectively controlled. The required organization structure and surface quality are obtained by controlling narrow specifications of process parameters, the roughness of the inner surface is less than Ra0.2 mu m, the effective control of the product quality of parts is realized, and the stability and consistency of the product are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 Cone blank
FIG. 2 cutting work
FIG. 3 semi-finished blank
Figure 4 plastic soft mold
FIG. 5 Cone product
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of the conical shell part: a single-cone copper component (with an inner cone angle of 60 degrees) formed by multi-pass cold extrusion is precisely shaped by recrystallization heat treatment and cold extrusion (figure 1); the detection shows that the average grain size of the copper cone is 5-8 μm, the roughness Ra (0.04-0.2) of the inner cone surface is 0.04-0.2 μm, and the deviation of the inner cone angle is-0.4 '-1.1'.
(2) Semi-precision cutting machining: clamping the copper cone piece obtained in the step (1) on a cutting machining tool shown in figure 2, and performing semi-precision cutting machining by taking the inner molded surface of the cone piece as a positioning reference; the thickness of a conical piece blank is 4mm, the maximum thickness of a part is 3mm, the allowance for precision cutting machining is 0.2mm after semi-precision cutting machining, and the minimum machining allowance is 0.8 mm; the rotation speed of the numerical control lathe is 600r/min, the semi-precision cutting machining is carried out for 3 times, the feed amount is respectively 0.5mm, 0.2mm and 0.1mm, and the wall thickness allowance of the conical surface is 0.2 mm. (FIG. 3).
(3) Soft mold shaping: putting the blank obtained in the step (2) into a soft shaping die shown in figure 4, wherein the surface area of the conical part is 12 decimeters2The thickness is 3mm, the shaping pressure of the shaping pass is 8 times, the shaping pressure of the 1 st and 2 nd passes is 7MPa, the shaping pressure of the 3 rd and 4 th passes is 5MPa, the shaping pressure of the 5 th and 6 th passes is 4MPa, and the shaping pressure of the 7 th and 8 th passes is 2 MPa.
(4) Oil bath treatment: and (4) placing the blank obtained in the step (3) into a constant-temperature oil bath at 100 ℃, wherein the vibration frequency of the conical piece in the oil bath is 800Hz, and the treatment time is 4 hours.
(5) Precision cutting machining: clamping the blank obtained in the step (4) on a turning machining tool shown in fig. 2, performing precision cutting machining by taking the inner molded surface of the conical piece as a positioning reference, and dividing the rotation speed of a numerical control lathe into 3 passes of machining, wherein the 1 st pass of cutting depth is 0.08mm, the 2 nd pass of cutting depth is 0.08mm, and the 3 rd pass of cutting depth is 0.04mm, and the obtained product is shown in fig. 5.
The obtained product was tested for coaxiality, cone angle, and inner cone roundness using a three-coordinate measuring apparatus, and was stored in a natural environment for 6 months and 24 months, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 storage of dimensional change values at different times
Through a comprehensive use performance test, compared with a tapered variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component in the traditional process (the same structure, size and test conditions), the stretching length of the tapered variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component reaches 12-14 times D (D is the outer diameter value of the mouth part of the component and is increased by more than 30%), the penetration depth reaches 11 times D (is increased by more than 20%), and the penetration depth jumping quantity is 0.5 times D (the jumping quantity is reduced by more than 1 time); the aperture of the outlet is larger than 0.2 times D (the effective aperture is increased by more than 1 time) when the target plate with the same thickness is penetrated.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of the conical shell part: a biconical copper component (a small cone angle of 40 degrees and a large cone angle of 60 degrees) formed by multi-pass cold extrusion is subjected to recrystallization heat treatment and cold extrusion precise shaping; the detection shows that the average grain size of the copper cone is 10-15 mu m, the surface roughness Ra (0.032-0.12) mu m of the inner cone and the angle deviation of the inner cone is-0.6 '-0.9'.
(2) Semi-precision cutting machining: clamping the copper cone obtained in the step (1) on a double-cone cutting machining tool, and performing semi-precision cutting machining by taking the inner molded surface of the cone-shaped piece as a positioning reference; the thickness of the conical blank is 4.2mm, the maximum thickness of the part is 2.8mm, the allowance for the semi-precision cutting is 0.3mm, and the minimum machining allowance is 1.1 mm; the rotation speed of the numerical control lathe is 800r/min, the semi-precision cutting machining is carried out for 4 times, the feed amount is respectively 0.5mm, 0.3mm, 0.2mm and 0.1mm, and the wall thickness allowance of the conical surface is 0.3 mm.
(3) Soft mold shaping: and (3) placing the blank obtained in the step (2) into a double-cone shaping soft die, wherein the surface area of the conical piece is 15 decimeter & lt 2 & gt, the wall thickness is 3.1mm, the shaping pass is 10 times, the shaping pressure of the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 th and 4 th passes is 8MPa, the shaping pressure of the 5 th and 6 th passes is 6MPa, the shaping pressure of the 7 th and 8 th passes is 3MPa, and the shaping pressure of the 9 th and 10 th passes is 2 MPa.
(4) Oil bath treatment: and (4) placing the blank obtained in the step (3) into a constant-temperature oil bath at 110 ℃, and treating for 5 hours by using the cone-shaped piece with the vibration frequency of 600Hz in the oil bath.
(5) Precision cutting machining: and (4) clamping the blank obtained in the step (4) on a double-cone cutting machining tool, performing precision cutting machining by taking the inner molded surface of the conical piece as a positioning reference, and performing 4-pass machining at the rotating speed of 1000r/min of a numerical control lathe, wherein the 1 st-pass cutting feed is 0.1mm, the 2 nd-pass cutting feed is 0.08mm, the 3 rd-pass cutting feed is 0.08mm, and the 4 th-pass cutting feed is 0.04mm to obtain a conical piece product.
The obtained conical piece was measured for coaxiality, cone angle, and inner cone roundness by a three-coordinate measuring apparatus, and stored for 6 months and 24 months in comparison with the natural environment for dimensional changes, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 storage of dimensional change values at different times
Through a comprehensive use performance test, compared with a tapered variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component in the traditional process (the same structure, size and test conditions), the stretching length of the tapered variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component reaches 11-13 times D (increased by more than 25%), the penetration depth reaches 10 times D (increased by more than 12%), and the penetration jump quantity is 0.5 times D (decreased by more than 1 time); the target plate with the same thickness is penetrated, and the aperture of the outlet is larger than 0.2 times of the aperture (the effective aperture is increased by more than 1 time).
Example 3
(1) Preparation of the conical shell part: an eccentric sub-hemispherical copper component formed by multi-pass cold extrusion is subjected to recrystallization heat treatment and cold extrusion precise shaping; the detection shows that the average grain size of the copper cone is 8-10 mu m, the roughness Ra (0.014-0.1) of the inner cone surface is 0.014-0.1) mu m, and the profile deviation of the inner profile surface is 0.006-0.015 mm.
(2) Semi-precision cutting machining: clamping the copper cone obtained in the step (1) on a turning tool, and performing semi-precision cutting by taking the inner molded surface of the eccentric sub-hemispherical copper component as a positioning reference; the thickness of a blank is 5.3mm, the maximum thickness of a part is 4.1mm, the precision cutting allowance is 0.25mm after semi-precision cutting, and the minimum machining allowance of the semi-precision cutting is 0.95 mm; the rotation speed of the numerical control lathe is 1200r/min, the semi-precision cutting machining is carried out for 4 times, the feed amount is respectively 0.4mm, 0.3mm, 0.15mm and 0.1mm, and the wall thickness allowance of the conical surface is 0.25 mm.
(3) Soft mold shaping: putting the blank obtained in the step (2) into a double-cone shaping soft die, wherein the surface area is 20 decimeters2The thickness is 4.35mm, the shaping pressure of the shaping pass is 12 times, the shaping pressure of the shaping pass is 8MPa, the shaping pressure of the shaping pass is 6MPa, the shaping pressure of the shaping pass is 4MPa, the shaping pressure of the shaping pass is 9, 10, 11, 12, 2 MPa.
(4) Oil bath treatment: and (4) placing the blank obtained in the step (3) into a constant-temperature oil bath at 120 ℃, and treating for 6 hours while the conical piece is in the oil bath at the vibration frequency of 1000 Hz.
(5) Precision cutting machining: and (4) clamping the blank obtained in the step (4) on a double-cone cutting machining tool, performing precision cutting machining by taking the inner molded surface of the conical piece as a positioning reference, and performing 3-pass machining at the rotating speed of 1200r/min of a numerical control lathe, wherein the 1 st-pass cutting feed is 0.1mm, the 2 nd-pass cutting feed is 0.1mm, and the 3 rd-pass cutting feed is 0.05mm to obtain a product.
The obtained product was tested for coaxiality, profile, and inner cone roundness using a three-coordinate measuring apparatus, and stored for 6 months and 24 months in comparison with the natural environment for dimensional changes, as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 storage of dimensional change values at different times
Through a comprehensive use performance test, compared with a tapered variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component in the traditional process (the same structure, size and test conditions), the stretching length of the tapered variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component reaches 7-10 times D (increased by more than 20%), the penetration depth reaches 5 times D (increased by more than 20%), and the penetration jump quantity is 0.5 times D (decreased by more than 1 time); the aperture of the outlet is larger than 0.5 times D (the effective aperture is increased by more than 30 percent) when the target plate with the same thickness is penetrated.
The results show that:
semi-precision cutting processing is adopted, the wall thickness difference of the cold extrusion forming conical piece is eliminated, and the geometric symmetry is improved; by adopting a soft die shaping method, the dimensional accuracy of the inner profile of the conical piece is improved by automatic abdication of the soft die in the shaping process; the oil bath treatment is adopted, so that the compressive stress and the residual stress of different parts in the semi-precision cutting and soft die shaping processes are effectively removed; and finally, obtaining the conical component with high dimensional precision and good surface quality by precision cutting. The method can obtain uniform and fine equiaxed crystal structure, has low and uniform stress values at different parts, and provides a new preparation method for the development of high-performance fine-grain copper conical components. The coaxiality of the prepared conical component is less than or equal to 0.025mm, the roundness is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and the deviation of the conical angle is less than or equal to 1'; through detection, the product is stored in a natural environment for 6 months, the change rate of the coaxiality is less than 1 percent, and the change rate of the roundness of the inner cone is less than 1 percent; after detection, the change rate of the coaxiality is less than 1 percent and the change rate of the roundness of the inner cone is less than 1 percent after the storage for 24 months.
Claims (6)
1. A method for accurately controlling the dimension of a conical variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component is realized by the following process steps:
(1) preparation of the conical shell part: the copper conical shell part formed by multi-pass cold extrusion has a single-conical, double-conical and eccentric sub-hemispherical structure, and is precisely shaped by recrystallization heat treatment and cold extrusion, and a typical conical shell part is shown in figure 1;
(2) semi-precision cutting machining: clamping and fixing the copper conical shell part obtained in the step (1) on a cutting tool, and performing semi-precision cutting by taking the inner molded surface of the conical part as a positioning reference, wherein the rotating speed of a numerical control lathe is 500 r/min-800 r/min, the feed amount is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm, and the wall thickness of the conical surface is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm;
(3) soft mold shaping: placing the blank obtained in the step (2) into a shaping soft die, and performing multi-pass soft die shaping under the action of certain pressure;
(4) oil bath treatment: putting the blank obtained in the step (3) into a constant-temperature oil bath pool at the temperature of 80-120 ℃, wherein the vibration frequency of the conical piece in the oil bath pool is 400-1000 Hz, and the treatment time is 2-6 hours;
(5) precision cutting machining: and (3) clamping the blank obtained in the step (4) on a cutting machining tool shown in figure 2, and performing precise cutting machining by taking the inner molded surface of the conical piece as a positioning reference, wherein the rotating speed of a numerical control lathe is 800 r/min-1200 r/min, and the feed amount is 0.03 mm-0.1 mm.
2. The method for precisely controlling the dimension of a tapered, variable-wall-thickness and thin-wall member as claimed in claim 1, wherein the force applied between the soft-mold shaping passes in step (3) depends on the surface area of the product (the general dimension is 5 dm)2About 20 decimeters2) The unit area pressure is determined to be 2MPa to 8 MPa.
3. The method for accurately controlling the dimension of the tapered variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (3), multi-pass soft die shaping is performed, and (4-12) times of shaping are performed according to the wall thickness of the tapered component being 1-4 mm.
4. The method for precisely controlling the dimensions of a tapered, wall-thickness-variable, thin-walled member as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature of the oil bath in said step (4) is 80 ℃ to 120 ℃ and the tapered member is subjected to vibration treatment in the oil bath.
5. The method for precisely controlling the dimension of the tapered variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (5), the precision cutting machining is performed, the feed amount is 0.03mm to 0.1mm, and the precision cutting machining is determined (3 to 5) times according to the wall thickness and the dimension of the tapered component.
6. The method for accurately controlling the dimension of the conical variable-wall-thickness thin-wall component as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the multi-pass cold extrusion forming comprises 1-pass positive extrusion forming, 4-pass reverse extrusion forming and 1-pass final extrusion forming; the recrystallization heat treatment is a nitrogen atmosphere protective furnace, the heat treatment process is carried out at 350 ℃ for 1 hour, and water is cooled; and the cold extrusion precise shaping is to clean the blank, and the wall thickness of the conical wall-thickness-variable thin-wall component is reduced by 0.02-0.05 mm.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105312858A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-10 | 无锡市爱德森机械有限公司 | Submersible sewage pump shell forming method and mold used for method |
| CN110303307A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-08 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of taper becomes the accurate size control method of wall thickness thin-wall part |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105312858A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-10 | 无锡市爱德森机械有限公司 | Submersible sewage pump shell forming method and mold used for method |
| CN110303307A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-08 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of taper becomes the accurate size control method of wall thickness thin-wall part |
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Application publication date: 20200403 |