CN110945733A - Method for protecting components of a power electronics module of a starter-alternator system and system for implementing the method - Google Patents

Method for protecting components of a power electronics module of a starter-alternator system and system for implementing the method Download PDF

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CN110945733A
CN110945733A CN201880049797.0A CN201880049797A CN110945733A CN 110945733 A CN110945733 A CN 110945733A CN 201880049797 A CN201880049797 A CN 201880049797A CN 110945733 A CN110945733 A CN 110945733A
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temperature
power
starter
module
alternator
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CN110945733B (en
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B.吉耶尔姆
C.格兰齐拉
B.布隆德尔
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Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/10—Safety devices
    • F02N11/106—Safety devices for stopping or interrupting starter actuation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0816—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors concerning the starting sequence, e.g. limiting the number of starts per time unit, monitoring speed during starting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for protecting components of a power electronics module of a starter-alternator system of a vehicle, having a control module capable of controlling the power electronics module, wherein the supply current of the power electronics module is cut off when the temperature (Tjunction) of at least one component of the power electronics module during a starting phase of the vehicle is determined to be greater than a predefined threshold temperature value, the component temperature being determined by estimation using the following formula: tjunction ═ Tleadframe + Δ T, where Tleadframe is the temperature of the substrate on which the power electronic component is mounted, and Δ T is the temperature change in the power electronic component caused by the current flow in the component during the startup phase.

Description

Method for protecting components of a power electronics module of a starter-alternator system and system for implementing the method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for protecting components of a power electronics module of a starter-alternator system. The invention also relates to a system for implementing the method. The invention finds application in the field of rotating electrical machines for motor vehicles, in particular in the field of reversible electrical machines that can operate in alternator mode and in drive mode.
Background
Today, for economic and ecological reasons, automobile manufacturers seek to equip their vehicles with automatic start/stop systems, known by the ozle-saxon as "stop".
Such "stop-and-go" systems are typically used on a reversible electric machine or a starter-alternator coupled to an internal combustion engine. In some cases, the use of a starter-alternator in a "stop-and-go" system involves, in some cases, causing the internal combustion engine to come to a complete stop after the vehicle itself has stopped, and then to restart the internal combustion engine, for example, after the driver's actions have shifted his or her desire to restart the vehicle. To this end, the "stop-and-go" system uses information representative of the vehicle operating conditions, information from vehicle sensors (such as sensors for detecting the position of the clutch pedal), information read on a data communication bus (such as the speed of the vehicle or the rotational speed of the engine).
However, continued restarting can result in overheating of the starter-alternator, exceeding the thermal limits of the power electronics. In fact, although the duration of the restart phase is short, it requires a large amount of power, and therefore high currents capable of reaching 600 to 1000A are required among the components of the power electronic module, in particular among the MOSFET transistors that control the current in the stator of the starter-alternator. However, power electronics are designed to reach limited temperatures, for example on the order of 200 ℃ for MOSFET transistors.
Another way to limit the operating current is to stop the start-up by protecting the power electronics by switching off the power supply once the temperature of at least one component reaches a predefined threshold. This protection requires an accurate determination of the temperature of the power electronics, in particular of the MOSFET transistors.
For this purpose, it is conceivable to replace the conventional power electronics with intelligent components equipped with sensors. However, such intelligent components are expensive. Such a solution is not only expensive, but also cumbersome, considering that it would require many connections and additional components to handle the measurements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of the risk of overheating the power electronic components during the starting of the vehicle described in detail above, the applicant has proposed a method for protecting the components in which the temperature of the components is estimated and compared with a temperature threshold value, so that the starter-alternator system is stopped as soon as the estimated temperature exceeds the temperature threshold value, so that in the starter mode the vehicle stops starting and in the alternator mode the system stops generating electricity.
According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for protecting components of a power electronic module of a vehicle starter-alternator system comprising a control module able to control the power electronic module. The method is characterized in that the supply current to the power electronic module is cut off when the temperature Tjunction of at least one component of the power electronic module is determined to be greater than a predefined threshold temperature value, the component temperature being determined by evaluation using the following formula:
Tjunction＝Tleadframe+ΔT，
wherein Tleadframe is the temperature of the substrate on which the power electronic component is mounted and Δ T is the temperature change in the power electronic component caused by current flow in the component during the start-up phase.
The advantage of this method is that the power electronics are protected from any overheating due to the increase in power in the starter-alternator during the starting or restarting phases of the vehicle or during the torque assistance phases, without increasing the manufacturing costs of said starter-alternator.
Advantageously, when the temperature Tjunction of the components of the power electronic module is determined to be lower than or equal to a threshold temperature value, the supply current to the power electronic module is cut off if the temperature variation Δ T reaches an increased threshold. In this way, the power electronic component can be protected not only in the case of high temperature but also in the case of a rapid temperature rise.
According to some embodiments, the temperature of the substrate is estimated using the following formula:
Figure BDA0002378583790000021
where Tchip is the temperature of the control module, TStator is the temperature of the stator of the starter-alternator, and Th _ gain is a predefined parameter related to the gain that correlates the temperature of the stator with the temperature of the control module. This embodiment makes it possible to determine the temperature of the base plate without causing any increase in the manufacturing cost of the starter-alternator.
According to other embodiments, the temperature of the substrate, Tleadframe, is measured by a sensor located on the substrate.
In certain alternatives, the temperature of the control module and the temperature of the stator are measured by sensors.
In certain embodiments, the temperature change Δ T is determined as a function of at least one rotational speed of the starter-alternator, a temperature of the control module, and a current circulating in the power electronics module. The advantage of this temperature variation is that it can be calculated using measured data or data approximated by measured values in the starter-alternator.
The temperature change Δ T may be determined using the following discrete formula:
ΔT(n)＝K1(Speed,Tchip,Idc)–K2(ΔT(n-1))+ΔT(n-1)
where K is a parameter determined according to heat capacity and loss caused by current in the power electronic component, K1 is determined in step n, and K2 is determined in step n-1.
According to some alternatives, the current circulating in the power electronics module is estimated from a measurement of the current received upon entering the starter-alternator.
According to certain other alternatives, the current circulating in the power electronics module is measured at each stage of the starter-alternator system.
According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a vehicle starter-alternator system comprising a rotor/stator assembly, a power electronics module and a control module, characterized in that said control module implements the above-mentioned method.
Advantageously, the control module comprises an integrated circuit capable of determining at least an estimate of the temperature of the component.
According to some embodiments, the power electronics module comprises a plurality of MOSFET transistors that are protected from overheating caused by current flow when the starter-alternator is in a starting phase or in a torque-assist phase.
Drawings
Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent upon reading the description which is illustrated by the drawings in which:
figure 1 represents a functional diagram of a starter-alternator system according to the present invention;
figure 2 represents a schematic example of a temperature profile estimated by the MOSFET transistor of the power module of the starter-alternator of figure 1; and
figure 3 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Detailed Description
An example of a starter-alternator system in which the method for protecting power electronic components according to the present invention is implemented is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This example illustrates the features and advantages of the present invention. It is to be reminded, however, that the invention is not limited to this example.
In the drawings, like elements are illustrated with like reference numerals. For the legibility of the figures, the dimensional ratios between the elements illustrated are not observed.
The starter-alternator system of the present invention is a multiphase reversible electric machine, the functional diagram of which is shown in fig. 1, which is supplied by the on-board electrical network of the vehicle when it operates in starter mode, and which supplies electrical energy to this network when it operates in alternator mode.
The rotating electrical machine comprises a rotor 10 integral with a rotor shaft, a stator 20 mounted around the rotor, and a housing carrying the stator. The housing includes front and rear bearings at the ends of the stator to support and guide the rotor shaft, respectively.
The stator includes open recesses on its inner periphery (relative to the rotor) that accommodate the phase windings. These windings are delta or star connected multi-phase windings and their outputs are connected to the power electronics module 30. The power electronics module 30, referred to as power module for short, comprises a plurality of power electronics components, in particular power transistors, connected to form the control switches of the stator. Each of these power transistors is controlled by a control module 40, the control module 40 comprising a plurality of control components including a microcontroller, the function of which will be described below.
Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, a starter-alternator system according to the present disclosure includes a control module 40, a power module 30, and a battery 50. The battery 50 is connected on the one hand to the power module 30 and on the other hand to the control module 40. In addition, the control module 40 is directly connected to the power module 30. The power module 30 is capable of controlling the current in the stator 20. The control module 40 comprises an excitation circuit 45 of the rotor, which is able to control the current in the rotor. The control module 40 is also connected to at least one position sensor 12, the position sensor 12 being designed to detect the position of the target 11 connected to the rotor 10, and also to an engine control unit 60, the engine control unit 60 being designed to transmit data relating to the operation of the vehicle, such as data sent by various sensors.
The starter-alternator system of fig. 1 implements a method for protecting the power components of the power module 30 during a restart or start phase or a torque assist phase. In the following description, the method will be described in its application to vehicle launch, it being understood that the method may also be applied to the torque assist phase. Whatever the application, each of these power components (for example a power transistor of the MOSFET transistor type) is certified by the component manufacturer to reach a predefined temperature threshold VTS. For MOSFET transistors, this threshold temperature value VTS may be about 200 ℃. If this threshold temperature value VTS is exceeded, it is possible that the power components and therefore the power module are damaged, and more generally the lifetime of the power module may be greatly reduced.
Therefore, in order to protect the power components, it is important to determine the temperature of each power component of the power module during the start-up phase of the vehicle. The method of the invention proposes to estimate the temperature of these power components and, on the basis of this estimation, to determine that the estimated temperature of the power components does not exceed a threshold temperature value VTS.
The temperature of the power component is determined using the following equation:
Tjunction＝Tleadframe+ΔT (E1)
where Tjunction is the temperature of the power component to be estimated, Tleadframe is the temperature of the substrate on which the power component is mounted, and Δ T is the temperature change in the power component caused by the current flow in the component during the start-up phase.
According to certain embodiments, the temperature of the substrate, Tleadframe, is measured by a sensor located on the substrate on which the power components are mounted.
According to other embodiments, the temperature of the substrate, Tleadframe, is also determined by estimation. The temperature of the substrate is estimated using the following formula:
Figure BDA0002378583790000051
where Tchip is the temperature of the control module 40, TStator is the temperature of the stator 20 of the starter-alternator, and Th _ gain is a predefined parameter related to the gain that correlates the temperature of the stator 20 with the temperature of the control module 40. This parameter Th _ gain is constant; it is defined prior to the start of the starter-alternator during the thermal test.
The temperature Tchip of the control module 40 is determined by a sensor 42 located on a printed circuit board supporting the control module 40. The temperature TStator of the stator is determined by a sensor 22 located at the output of the stator. The temperature Tchip of the control module is the temperature in the environment of the power component, i.e. the relatively stable room temperature. In contrast, the temperature TStator of the stator is a very variable temperature, which varies depending on the current circulating in the stator. Thus, according to the method of the invention, the temperature of the substrate Tleadframe is considered to be the temperature of the control module adjusted according to the temperature of the stator.
In the formula E1, the temperature Tjunction of the power component depends on the temperature change Δ T. This temperature change Δ T is the increase/decrease of the temperature in the power component when current flows through the power component during the start-up phase. This temperature variation depends directly on the thermal conductivity of the power component and the losses caused by the current in the power component according to the following equation:
CthΔT/dt＝PMOSFET-GthΔT (E3)
wherein, CthIs the heat capacity, GthIs the thermal conductivity, PMOSFETIs the loss caused by the current in the power component.
Using euler transformation, equation E3 may be discretized with a sampling period Te to obtain the equation:
Cth(ΔT(n)-ΔT(n-1))/Te＝PMOSFET-GthΔT(n) (E4)
by simplification, it can become:
ΔT(n)＝K1(Speed,Tchip,Idc)–K2(ΔT(n-1))+ΔT(n-1)(E5)
wherein:
·K1＝[Te.PMOSFET(Speed,Tchip,Idc)]/Cthand an
·K2＝[Te.K(ΔT)]Cth
From equation E5, Δ T may be determined by knowing the Speed of the rotor, the temperature Tchip of the control module, and the value of the current flowing through the power component(n). However, the current circulating in the power component can be estimated to be approximately equal to the Idc current entering (or leaving) the stator. The Idc current may be measured in the control module 40 by means of, for example, a hall effect sensor or a shunt. The Speed may be determined by the control module 40 based on data measured by the position sensor 12. And the temperature Tchip of the control module may be measured by the sensor 42 located on the printed circuit board supporting the control module 40 as previously described.
The temperature Tjunction of the power component may be estimated by equation E1 whenever the temperature change Δ T is determined, and whatever way the present embodiment chooses to determine the temperature of the substrate Tleadframe (either measured by a sensor or estimated by equation E2). According to the protection method of the invention, the estimated temperature Tjunction of the power component is compared with a predefined temperature threshold VTS. If the estimated temperature of the power component is less than or equal to the temperature threshold, the startup operation continues. Conversely, if the estimated temperature of the power component during the startup phase is greater than the temperature threshold, the supply current to the power module is cut off to stop the startup phase.
While the supply current to the power module is thus cut off, the power components of the module are protected from overheating during the start-up phase. Furthermore, the fact that the power supply is cut off when the estimated temperature of at least one power component exceeds the threshold temperature value VTS makes it possible to maintain the maximum starting capacity as long as possible, thereby helping to avoid overheating of the power components at start-up.
An example of the estimated temperature of a MOSFET transistor is shown in a schematic way in fig. 2. Curve C1 represents an example of an estimated temperature when the current circulating in the MOSFET transistor is about 300A. Curve C2 represents an example of an estimated temperature when the current circulating in the MOSFET transistor is approximately 600A. These graphs C1 and C2 show a start-up phase of about 150ms and then a standby phase during the following 250ms, which is activated after the supply current is switched off at the instant t 1. As shown by graphs C1 and C2, in the example of fig. 2, the threshold temperature value VTS1 is about 200 ℃ for curve C1 and the threshold temperature value VTS2 is about 240 ℃ for curve C2.
According to some embodiments, the protection method may comprise a further operation in which the temperature change Δ T is compared with a maximum increased temperature value VES to protect the power component from an excessively steep temperature rise. In fact, a sharp increase in the temperature of the power component, i.e. a rapid change in the temperature level to a higher temperature level, can have a detrimental effect on the brazing of the component. An embodiment of the method of the invention proposes to check whether the temperature rise of the power component is not greater than a predefined increased threshold (e.g. 100 ℃) until the supply current to the power module is switched off. In other words, if the estimated temperature Tjunction of the power component does not reach the temperature threshold VTS, the temperature change Δ T is compared with the increased threshold VES. And if the increase in temperature reaches the increased threshold VES, the supply current to the power module is cut off, although the temperature of the power component does not reach the predefined temperature threshold.
Figure 3 shows an example of a functional diagram relating to these embodiments. As shown in fig. 3, when starting is initiated (step 100), the temperature Tjunction of each power component is determined by estimation in step 110, according to the method described above. The temperature Tjunction of each power component is compared with a threshold temperature value VTS, and if the temperature of only one (or more) power component(s) exceeds the threshold temperature value VTS (step 120), the starting of the starter-alternator is stopped. If the temperature of any of the power components does not exceed the threshold temperature value VTS, the method continues to step 130, where the temperature change Δ T is compared to an increased threshold VES (step 130). If the temperature change Δ T reaches the increased threshold VES, the start is stopped (step 140).
The temperature of the power components, such as the power module 30 just described, is estimated by an integrated circuit, such as a microcontroller integrated in the control module 40. The microcontroller, for example an ASIC, can calculate an estimate of the temperature of the power component and a comparison between the estimated temperature of the power component and a threshold temperature value VTS and a comparison between the temperature change Δ T and an increased threshold value VES. Whenever the microcontroller determines that a threshold temperature value or an increased threshold value is reached, the control module 40 controls the power components, in particular the power transistors, so that no current is supplied to the stator anymore. Then, the start-up phase is stopped. The on-board computer can send out an advisory message to inform the driver of the reason for this stop in the start-up phase.
While described with a certain number of examples, alternatives, and embodiments, the method for protecting power components of a power module of a starter-alternator system in accordance with the present disclosure includes various alternatives, modifications, and improvements that will be apparent to those skilled in the art, with the understanding that such alternatives, modifications, and improvements are part of the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. A method for protecting components of a power electronic module (30) of a vehicle starter-alternator system comprising a control module (40) able to control said power electronic module (30), characterized in that when the temperature (Tjunction) of at least one component of said power electronic module is determined to be greater than a predefined threshold temperature Value (VTS), the supply current to said power electronic module (30) is cut off, said component temperature being determined by estimation using the following formula:
Tjunction＝Tleadframe+ΔT，
wherein Tleadframe is the temperature of a substrate on which the power electronic components are mounted, and Δ T is the temperature change in the power electronic components caused by current flow in the components during a startup phase.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that when the temperature (Tjunction) of the components of the power electronic module is determined to be lower than or equal to the threshold temperature Value (VTS), the supply current to the power electronic module is cut off if the temperature variation Δ Τ reaches an increasing threshold Value (VES).
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the substrate is estimated using the following formula:
Figure FDA0002378583780000011
wherein Tchip is the temperature of the control module, TStat is the temperature of the stator of the starter-alternator, and Th _ gain is a predefined parameter related to a gain that correlates the temperature of the stator and the temperature of the control module.
4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature (Tleadframe) of the substrate is measured by means of a sensor located on the substrate.
5. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the temperature of the control module and the temperature of the stator are measured by sensors.
6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said temperature variation Δ T is determined as a function of at least one rotation Speed (Speed) of the starter-alternator, the temperature (Tchip) of the control module and the current circulating in the power electronics module.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the temperature change Δ T is determined using the discrete formula:
ΔT(n)＝K1(Speed,Tchip,Idc)–K2(ΔT(n-1))+ΔT(n-1)
where K is a parameter determined according to a heat capacity and a loss caused by a current in the power electronic component, K1 is determined in step n, and K2 is determined in step n-1.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the current circulating in the power electronic module is estimated from the measurement of the current (Idc) received upon entering the starter-alternator.
9. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the current circulating in the power electronics module is measured at each stage of the starter-alternator system.
10. A vehicle starter-alternator system comprising a rotor/stator (10/20) assembly, a power electronics module (30) and a control module (40), characterized in that the control module implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
11. The system of claim 9, wherein the control module (40) comprises an integrated circuit capable of determining at least an estimate of the component temperature.
12. The system of claim 9 or 10, wherein the power electronics module comprises a plurality of MOSFET transistors that are protected from overheating caused by current flow when the starter-alternator is in a starting phase.
CN201880049797.0A 2017-06-28 2018-06-27 Method for protecting components of a power electronics module of a starter-alternator system and system for implementing the method Active CN110945733B (en)

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FR1755924A FR3068528B1 (en) 2017-06-28 2017-06-28 PROCESS FOR PROTECTING THE COMPONENTS OF AN ELECTRONIC POWER MODULE OF AN ALTERNO-STARTER SYSTEM AND SYSTEM IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS
FR1755924 2017-06-28
PCT/EP2018/067313 WO2019002403A1 (en) 2017-06-28 2018-06-27 Method for protecting the components of a power electronics module of a starter-alternator system, and system implementing this method

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US6809428B1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2004-10-26 Dana Corporation Overheat protection of an electrical component of an I.C. engine
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CN106103973A (en) * 2014-03-17 2016-11-09 标致雪铁龙集团 For avoiding the method for the work of possible overheated management Thermal Motor starter during starting
CN106849011A (en) * 2016-12-30 2017-06-13 南京埃斯顿自动控制技术有限公司 A kind of servomotor method for excessive heating protection

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FR2797530B1 (en) * 1999-08-12 2001-11-02 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLE STARTER SWITCHING CONTROL
JP2016170126A (en) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-23 アイシン精機株式会社 Abnormality sensing unit

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6809428B1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2004-10-26 Dana Corporation Overheat protection of an electrical component of an I.C. engine
CN106103973A (en) * 2014-03-17 2016-11-09 标致雪铁龙集团 For avoiding the method for the work of possible overheated management Thermal Motor starter during starting
CN105490253A (en) * 2014-10-10 2016-04-13 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 Electromagnetic heating system, over-temperature protection method and device for power device of electromagnetic heating system
CN106849011A (en) * 2016-12-30 2017-06-13 南京埃斯顿自动控制技术有限公司 A kind of servomotor method for excessive heating protection

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EP3646426B1 (en) 2022-12-07

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