CN110943261A - Thermal runaway monitoring device and method for power lithium ion battery pack - Google Patents
Thermal runaway monitoring device and method for power lithium ion battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 121
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/371—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with remote indication, e.g. on external chargers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A thermal runaway monitoring device and method for a power lithium ion battery pack comprise a first unit, a second unit and a third unit which are sequentially connected; the first unit is used for acquiring voltage signals, temperature signals and current signals of the battery pack and transmitting the acquired voltage signals, temperature signals and current signals of the battery pack to the second unit; the second unit is used for monitoring the thermal runaway condition or risk of the battery pack in real time through a set algorithm according to the temperature signal, the voltage signal and the current signal of the battery pack, which are acquired by the first unit; the second unit is also used for periodically sending a voltage signal, a temperature signal and a current signal of the battery pack to the third unit through the communication bus. The defects that a power lithium battery management system in the prior art lacks a method and function for predicting and early warning thermal runaway of the battery in advance are effectively overcome by combining other structures or methods.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power lithium ion battery packs and thermal runaway monitoring, in particular to a thermal runaway monitoring device and method for a power lithium ion battery pack.
Background
A lithium ion battery is a secondary battery (rechargeable battery) that mainly operates by movement of lithium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. During charging and discharging, Li + is inserted and extracted back and forth between two electrodes: during charging, Li + is extracted from the positive electrode and is inserted into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; the opposite is true during discharge.
With the increasing use scale of power lithium ion battery packs in various fields, malignant accidents caused by combustion, ignition and explosion of lithium ion batteries in the power lithium ion battery packs frequently occur, most of the reasons for ignition are thermal runaway diffusion caused by serious internal short circuit of the lithium ion batteries, and a power lithium battery management system in the current market lacks a method and a function for predicting and early warning thermal runaway of the batteries in advance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a thermal runaway monitoring device and a thermal runaway monitoring method for a power lithium ion battery pack, which effectively overcome the defects that a power lithium battery management system in the prior art lacks a method and a function for predicting and early warning thermal runaway of a battery in advance.
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a thermal runaway monitoring device for a power lithium ion battery pack and a solution of the method thereof, and the thermal runaway monitoring device comprises the following specific steps:
a thermal runaway monitoring device for a power lithium ion battery pack comprises a first unit 1, a second unit 2 and a third unit 3 which are sequentially connected;
the first unit is used for acquiring voltage signals, temperature signals and current signals of the battery pack and transmitting the acquired voltage signals, temperature signals and current signals of the battery pack to the second unit;
the second unit is used for monitoring the thermal runaway condition or risk of the battery pack in real time through a set algorithm according to the temperature signal, the voltage signal and the current signal of the battery pack, which are acquired by the first unit;
the second unit is also used for periodically sending a voltage signal, a temperature signal and a current signal of the battery pack to the third unit through the communication bus; the second unit is also used for sending a thermal runaway early warning signal or a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit;
the third unit is used for uploading a thermal runaway early warning signal or a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the cloud server so as to give an alarm through the cloud server; the third unit is also used for periodically uploading a voltage signal, a temperature signal and a current signal of the battery pack to the cloud server.
The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device of the power lithium ion battery pack comprises the following steps:
during the constant-voltage constant-current charging of the battery pack, if the voltage of a certain battery in the battery pack is monitored to drop, namely dV/dt is less than 0, the situation that an internal short circuit occurs in the battery is shown, wherein V represents the charging voltage of the battery, and t represents the charging time, the second unit sends a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit.
During the constant-voltage constant-current charging of the battery pack, if the charging current of the battery pack is monitored to suddenly rise within a period of time, namely dI/dt is larger than 0, the second unit sends a thermal runaway early warning signal to the third unit.
The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device of the power lithium ion battery pack further comprises the following steps:
if the temperature of a certain battery of the battery pack is monitored to be higher than 60 ℃, or when the temperature rise rate of the certain battery of the battery pack is too high, namely dT/dT is higher than 3-5, the second unit sends a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit.
The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device of the power lithium ion battery pack further comprises the following steps:
when the battery pack is subjected to discharge equalization, the method for monitoring thermal runaway comprises the following steps:
step 1-1: standing the battery pack to reach a set time requirement I;
step 1-2: when the battery pack is placed, the second switch unit starts a timer to time and judges whether the timing value of the timer reaches the set time requirement one, and if the timing value of the timer reaches the set time requirement one, the step 1-3 is executed;
step 1-3: the second switch unit obtains the current residual capacity of each battery of the battery pack through table lookup according to the function relation of SOC-OCV of each battery of the battery pack, and records the residual capacity as Qn;
step 1-4: the second switch unit starts an equalizing switch corresponding to each battery of the battery pack for equalization, synchronously starts a timer for timing, judges whether the timing value T1 of the timer reaches a set time requirement II, and calculates the equalizing electric quantity Q of each battery in real timebn；
Step 1-5: if the timing value T1 of the timer reaches the set time requirement two, executing the steps 1-6;
step 1-6: the second switch unit starts a timer to time while cutting off all the equalization switches, judges whether the timing value of the timer reaches a set time requirement III, and stands the battery pack to recover the voltage value of each battery of the battery pack to the OCV level;
step 1-7: if the timing value of the timer reaches the set time requirement three, executing the steps 1-8;
step 1-8: the second switch unit obtains the current residual capacity of each battery of the battery pack through table lookup according to the function relation of SOC-OCV of each battery of the battery pack, and the current residual capacity is recorded as Qn';
step 1-9: the second switch unit compares the capacity difference Q before and after each battery of the battery pack is balancedΔSaid capacity difference QΔThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
QΔ＝(Qn-Qn’)-Qbn；
step 1-10: the second switching unit judges whether Q is presentΔ≥n*QbnWhere n is the number of cells of the battery pack, if QΔ≥n*QbnGo to step 1-11, if QΔ<n*QbnDetermining that the battery pack does not have an in-cell short circuit condition;
step 1-11: and when the situation that the short circuit occurs in the power lithium ion battery pack is determined, the second unit sends a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit.
The constant-voltage constant-current charging is to perform constant-current charging firstly, and then to switch to constant-voltage charging after reaching a constant-voltage point, so that the charging current is continuously reduced, and when the current value of the charged battery pack is reduced to a set threshold value or the voltage value of the charged battery reaches the set threshold value, the charging is finished.
After the second unit monitors and judges that a short circuit fault occurs in a battery of the battery pack in the charging and discharging process, the second unit enters a fault processing mode, wherein the fault processing mode comprises the following steps:
step A-1: after the second unit monitors and judges that the short circuit fault occurs in the battery of the battery pack in the charging and discharging process, the second unit turns off the charging and discharging loop and sets a fault flag bit to indicate that the short circuit fault occurs in the battery of the battery pack;
step A-2: the second unit uploads the thermal runaway occurrence signal, the voltage signal, the temperature signal and the current signal of the battery pack at the moment to a cloud server through the third unit;
step A-3: and then the cloud server informs the manufacturer or the client of the battery pack.
The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device of the power lithium ion battery pack further comprises the following steps:
a determination method of an extension of charging time, a determination method of a charging efficiency lower than a set threshold, or a determination method of a charging capacity;
the method for judging the extension of the charging time comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a relation table of maximum charging time of a battery pack at different temperatures is established through charging tests of the battery pack, and the theoretical maximum charging time of the battery pack at the current temperature state is directly obtained by the second unit through inquiring the relation table;
when the ratio of the actual charging time to the theoretical maximum charging time of the battery pack is larger than a set threshold value, the problem of potential internal short circuit in the current lithium ion battery pack can be predicted in advance;
the method for judging whether the charging efficiency is lower than the set threshold value comprises the following steps:
a table of the minimum charging efficiency of the battery pack under different temperatures and charging multiplying factors needs to be established through testing, the second unit can determine the charging efficiency of the battery pack under the current state by checking the table, and if the charging efficiency of the battery pack is monitored to be smaller than the minimum charging efficiency of the battery pack, the situation that a potential internal short circuit exists in the battery pack can be judged;
the method for determining the charge capacity includes:
the second unit judges that if the charging capacity of the battery/[ (the initial charging of the battery-the end of charging of the battery) × the battery capacity ] > X, if the actual charging capacity is larger than the theoretical capacity, the excessive current is considered to be consumed on the internal impedance; wherein X is more than or equal to 1.2-1.3 and is a real number.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in a word, the invention monitors the use data (battery voltage, charging and discharging current, battery pack charge state, battery pack capacity, battery pack temperature and short circuit in the battery) of the power lithium ion battery pack in real time, and uploads the data to the cloud server in a timing manner by a wireless communication technology, so that the data can be backed up in different places, and the data analysis and the reason search are facilitated after thermal runaway occurs. The method can monitor and predict the internal short circuit of the battery pack in the charging process of the power lithium ion battery pack, the equalization of the battery pack or the standing of the battery pack, covers complete scenes and prevents false alarm and missing alarm. The device has the interface and the capability of remote communication, can realize remote early warning and remote control function before a fault occurs, has rich expandability, can realize remote video monitoring and access to a fire-fighting system through an external camera, can realize the application of safe and intelligent fire fighting of the lithium battery pack, and the like, and realizes higher social value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway monitoring device for a power lithium ion battery pack according to the present invention, wherein U1, U2 and Un represent the voltage of a first cell, the voltage of a second cell and the voltage of an nth cell of the power lithium ion battery pack, respectively, and T1, T2 and Tn represent the temperature of the first cell, the temperature of the second cell and the temperature of the nth cell of the power lithium ion battery pack, respectively, wherein n is the number of cells of the power lithium electronic battery pack.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of fault handling mode of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a trend graph of constant voltage and constant current charging of the battery pack according to the present invention, where IBat represents the charging current of the battery pack during charging, and VBat represents the charging voltage of the battery pack during charging.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the trend of the voltage drop of the present invention, wherein IBat represents the charging current of the battery pack during charging, and VBat represents the charging voltage of the battery pack during charging.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the trend of current ramp-up according to the present invention, where IBat represents the charging current of the battery pack during charging, and VBat represents the charging voltage of the battery pack during charging.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart for judging thermal runaway of a battery pack according to temperature according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the battery pack equalization of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The device and the method can monitor the safety problems such as short circuit in the power lithium ion battery pack in the full life cycle of the power lithium ion battery pack, and if the high risk of thermal runaway in the power lithium ion battery pack is detected, the device and the method can inform an owner and a manufacturer in advance through the wireless communication technology of the internet of things, eliminate potential safety hazards in advance and reduce safety risks. Meanwhile, the state and data of the full life cycle of the power lithium ion battery pack can be uploaded and stored in the cloud server, so that the analysis and responsibility confirmation of safety accident reasons are facilitated.
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
The thermal runaway monitoring device for the power lithium ion battery pack comprises a first unit 1, a second unit 2 and a third unit 3 which are sequentially connected as shown in fig. 1; the first unit and the second unit are connected through a communication interface; the first unit comprises a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor and a current sensor; the second unit can be a processor, a controller or a PLC; the second unit is connected with the third unit through a communication bus. The first unit is used for acquiring voltage signals, temperature signals and current signals of the power lithium ion battery pack and transmitting the acquired voltage signals, temperature signals and current signals of the power lithium ion battery pack to the second unit through the communication interface; the second unit is used for monitoring the thermal runaway condition or risk of the power lithium ion battery pack in real time through a set algorithm according to the temperature signal, the voltage signal and the current signal of the power lithium ion battery pack, which are acquired by the first unit; the second unit can predict or judge the risk or condition of thermal runaway of the power lithium ion battery pack by monitoring the short circuit condition in the battery cell of the battery in the power lithium ion battery pack under different scenes of the power lithium ion battery pack, is responsible for calculating the temperature signal, the voltage signal and the current signal of the power lithium ion battery pack and operating the diagnosis and prediction algorithm of the thermal runaway of the battery pack, and finds the risk of the short circuit in the battery of the power lithium ion battery pack in advance; the second unit is also used for periodically sending a voltage signal, a temperature signal and a current signal of the power lithium ion battery pack to the third unit through a communication bus; the second unit is also used for sending a thermal runaway early warning signal or a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit; the third unit is a wireless communication module, which can be a GPRS, 3G, 4G, 5G, NB-IoT or other wireless communication module, and is configured to upload a thermal runaway early warning signal or a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the cloud server, so as to alarm through the cloud server; the third unit is also used for periodically uploading voltage signals, temperature signals and current signals of the power lithium ion battery pack to the cloud server, so that the purpose of remote monitoring is achieved. The thermal runaway early warning signal is a signal representing the risk of thermal runaway of the power lithium ion battery pack when the risk of thermal runaway of the power lithium ion battery pack is monitored, and the thermal runaway occurrence signal is a signal representing the occurrence of thermal runaway of the power lithium ion battery pack when the thermal runaway of the power lithium ion battery pack is monitored. The third unit is in communication connection with the cloud server. The voltage signal of the power lithium ion battery pack comprises a voltage signal of each battery in the power lithium ion battery pack. The temperature signals of the power lithium ion battery pack comprise temperature signals of each battery in the power lithium ion battery pack.
The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device of the power lithium ion battery pack comprises the following steps:
during the constant-voltage constant-current charging of the power lithium ion battery pack, under normal conditions, the battery voltage of the power lithium ion battery pack is in the rising process in the whole charging process, and the battery voltage of the power lithium ion battery pack begins to fall back in the standing stage after a charging loop is cut off until the charging cut-off state is reached. However, in the charging process, in the constant-current constant-voltage charging stage, the charging current I of the power lithium ion battery pack is normally setChgIf a voltage signal of the power lithium ion battery pack sent from the voltage sensor of the first unit is monitored, as shown in fig. 4, if a certain battery in the power lithium ion battery pack, that is, a voltage drop of a certain single cell, is detected, that is, dV/dt is less than 0, it is indicated that an internal short circuit condition occurs in the battery, where V represents a charging voltage of the battery, t represents a charging time, the second unit monitors and judges that an internal short circuit fault occurs in the battery of the power lithium ion battery pack in a charging and discharging process, and sends a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit.
During the constant voltage and constant current charging of the power lithium ion battery pack, under the normal condition, the constant voltage and constant current charging is performed firstly, after the constant voltage point is reached, then, the constant voltage charging is carried out, so that the charging current continuously drops, the second unit is used for charging the lithium ion battery pack in a constant voltage stage according to the current signal of the power lithium ion battery pack sent by the current sensor of the first unit, as shown in fig. 5, if it is monitored that the charging current of the power lithium ion battery pack suddenly rises for a period of time, i.e., dI/dt > 0, as shown in fig. 5, where I represents the charging current of the power lithium ion battery pack, t represents the charging time, the period of time may be set to 1s-2s, the second unit may send a warning signal of thermal runaway to the third unit, considering that there is a potential risk of internal short circuit of the kinetic lithium ions.
The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device of the power lithium ion battery pack further comprises the following steps:
when the short circuit occurs in the power lithium ion battery pack and is in the middle and later stages of the short circuit, the power lithium ion battery pack can have the condition of overhigh temperature or overhigh temperature rise rate in the short time of the power lithium ion battery pack in the process of charging, discharging and even standing, so that the middle and later stages of the short circuit in the power lithium ion battery pack can be predicted in advance according to the application characteristic and the phenomenon.
According to the empirical data and the characteristics of different batteries, the second unit sends a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit according to the temperature signal of the power lithium ion battery pack sent from the temperature sensor of the first unit, as shown in fig. 6, if the temperature of a certain battery of the power lithium ion battery pack is monitored to be higher than 60 ℃, or when the short-time temperature rise rate of the certain battery of the battery pack is too high, namely dT/dT is higher than 3-5, the situation that an irreversible internal short circuit condition exists inside the power lithium ion battery pack can be determined, and at the moment, the battery pack immediately enters a Fail-Safe state (Fail-Safe).
The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device of the power lithium ion battery pack further comprises the following steps:
when the power lithium ion battery pack performs discharge equalization, the method for monitoring thermal runaway comprises the following steps: fig. 7 shows an equivalent circuit model for performing discharge equalization on the power lithium ion battery pack, wherein an equivalent resistor R4 of each battery Uoc of the power lithium ion battery pack comprises a contact resistor R1 and a polarization resistor, the polarization resistor can be equivalently represented by a second resistor R2 and a first capacitor C1 which are connected in parallel, two ends of each battery are connected with a series circuit, the series circuit comprises a second electrically controlled switch serving as an equalization switch and an equalization resistor R5 which are connected in series, and the series circuit is equivalently connected with an equivalent resistor R4 in parallel.
Step 1-1: standing the power lithium ion battery pack to reach a set time requirement I; therefore, the virtual high voltage of the power lithium ion battery pack after charging is reduced to the open-circuit voltage, namely, the normal working voltage. The time requirement is usually set to 30min-40 min.
Step 1-2: when the power lithium ion battery pack is started to be placed, the second switch unit starts a timer to time and judges whether the timing value of the timer reaches the set time requirement one, if so, the steps 1-3 are executed and the timer is reset;
step 1-3: the second switch unit obtains the current residual capacity of each battery of the power lithium ion battery pack by looking up a table according to the function relation of SOC-OCV of each battery of the power lithium ion battery pack, and records the residual capacity as Qn;
step 1-4: the second switch unit starts an equalizing switch corresponding to each battery of the power lithium ion battery pack for equalization, synchronously starts a timer for timing, judges whether the timing value T1 of the timer reaches a set time requirement two, and calculates the equalizing electric quantity Q of each battery in real timebn(ii) a The second time is usually set to 30-40 min.
Step 1-5: if the timing value T1 of the timer reaches the set time requirement two, executing the steps 1-6 and resetting the timer;
step 1-6: the second switch unit starts a timer to time while cutting off all the balance switches, judges whether the timing value of the timer reaches a set time requirement III, and stands the power lithium ion battery pack to recover the voltage value of each battery of the power lithium ion battery pack to the level of OCV; the set time is usually 30min-40 min.
Step 1-7: if the timing value of the timer reaches the set time requirement three, executing the steps 1-8 and resetting the timer;
step 1-8: the second switch unit obtains the current residual capacity of each battery of the power lithium ion battery pack by looking up a table according to the function relation of SOC-OCV of each battery of the power lithium ion battery pack and records the residual capacity as Qn';
step 1-9: the second switch unit compares the capacity difference Q before and after each battery of the power lithium ion battery pack is balancedΔSaid capacity difference QΔThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
QΔ＝(Qn-Qn’)-Qbn；
step 1-10: the second switching unit judges whether Q is presentΔ≥n*QbnWherein n is the number of cells of the power lithium ion battery pack, if QΔ≥n*QbnGo to step 1-11, if QΔ<n*QbnDetermining that the power lithium ion battery pack does not have the condition of short circuit in the battery;
step 1-11: and the second unit monitors and judges that the short circuit fault in the battery of the power lithium ion battery pack occurs in the charging and discharging process and sends a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit.
And the constant-voltage constant-current charging is to perform constant-current charging firstly, and then to switch to constant-voltage charging after reaching a constant-voltage point, so that the charging current is continuously reduced, and when the current value of the charged power lithium ion battery pack is reduced to a set threshold value or the voltage value of the charged battery of the power lithium ion battery pack reaches the set threshold value, the charging is finished. The current value of the power lithium ion battery pack or the battery voltage value of the charged power lithium ion battery pack is acquired by the current sensor and the voltage sensor of the first unit respectively and is sent to the second unit, and the second unit finishes charging when the current value of the charged power lithium ion battery pack is reduced to a set threshold value or the battery voltage value of the charged power lithium ion battery pack reaches the set threshold value, as shown in fig. 3.
After the second unit monitors and determines that a short circuit fault occurs in the battery of the power lithium ion battery pack in the charging and discharging process, the second unit enters a fault processing mode, as shown in fig. 2, where the fault processing mode includes:
step A-1: after the second unit monitors and judges that the short circuit fault occurs in the battery of the power lithium ion battery pack in the charging and discharging process, the second unit turns off a charging and discharging loop and sets a fault flag bit to indicate that the short circuit fault occurs in the battery of the power lithium ion battery pack; in the charging and discharging process, the power lithium ion battery pack is connected with the charging and discharging loop through the closed first electric control switch, the first electric control switch is connected with the second unit, and the charging and discharging loop can be turned off when the second unit controls the first electric control switch to be turned off.
Step A-2: the second unit uploads the thermal runaway occurrence signal serving as fault alarm information, and the voltage signal, the temperature signal and the current signal of the power lithium ion battery pack at the moment to a cloud server through the third unit;
step A-3: and then the cloud server informs a manufacturer or a client of the power lithium ion battery pack. The cloud server notifies manufacturers or customers of the power lithium ion battery pack in the following manner: the cloud server is in communication connection with an intelligent terminal of a manufacturer or a client of the power lithium ion battery pack, and the intelligent terminal can be a PDA (personal digital assistant), a tablet personal computer or a smart phone, so that the cloud server can send a thermal runaway occurrence signal serving as fault alarm information to the intelligent terminal, and a voltage signal, a temperature signal and a current signal of the power lithium ion battery pack at the moment to play a role in informing.
The device and the method have the following advantages in the solution of the safety monitoring of the power lithium ion battery pack in the full life cycle:
the device provided by the invention can be used for monitoring the use data (battery voltage, charging and discharging current, battery pack charge state, battery pack capacity, battery pack temperature and short circuit in the battery) of the power lithium ion battery pack in real time, and uploading the data to the cloud server at regular time through a wireless communication technology, so that remote backup of the data is realized, and after thermal runaway occurs, data analysis and reason search are facilitated.
The method can monitor and predict the internal short circuit of the battery pack in the charging process of the power lithium ion battery pack, the equalization of the battery pack or the standing of the battery pack, covers complete scenes and prevents false alarm and missing alarm.
The device has the interface and the capability of remote communication, can realize remote early warning and remote control function before a fault occurs, has rich expandability, can realize remote video monitoring and access to a fire-fighting system through an external camera, can realize the application of safe and intelligent fire fighting of the lithium battery pack, and the like, and realizes higher social value.
The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device of the power lithium ion battery pack further comprises the following steps:
a determination method of an extension of charging time, a determination method of a charging efficiency lower than a set threshold, or a determination method of a charging capacity;
the method for judging the extension of the charging time comprises the following steps:
the second unit directly obtains the theoretical maximum charging time of the power lithium ion battery pack under the current temperature state by inquiring the relation table;
when the ratio of the actual charging time to the theoretical maximum charging time of the power lithium ion battery pack is larger than a set threshold value, the problem of potential internal short circuit in the current lithium ion battery pack can be predicted in advance; the set threshold can be set to 1.5.
The method for judging whether the charging efficiency is lower than the set threshold value comprises the following steps:
the method is based on the fact that when the internal short circuit occurs in the power lithium ion battery pack, in the battery charging and discharging process of the power lithium ion battery pack, the internal resistance of the battery consumes larger energy, so that when the battery is charged, the calculated charging capacity is larger than the actual charging capacity of the battery pack, and when the battery is discharged in the same way, the calculated discharging capacity of the battery pack is larger than the actual discharging capacity, so that the situation that the short circuit exists in the battery can be predicted in the same way by monitoring the charging efficiency (the charging efficiency is the discharging capacity/the charging capacity). The method needs to establish a table of the minimum charging efficiency of the battery pack under different temperatures and charging multiplying factors through testing, the second unit can determine the charging efficiency of the battery pack under the current state by checking the table, and if the charging efficiency of the battery pack is monitored to be smaller than the minimum charging efficiency of the battery pack, the situation that a potential internal short circuit exists in the battery pack can be judged;
the method for determining the charge capacity includes:
similarly, when there is an internal short circuit inside the battery pack, the charging capacity of the battery pack is greater than the actual capacity of the battery pack because more current is consumed by the internal short circuit resistor. The second unit judges that if the charging capacity of the battery pack/[ (the initial SOC of charging the battery-the SOC of the end of charging the battery) × the battery capacity ] > X, if the actual charging capacity is larger than the theoretical capacity, it is considered that the excessive current is consumed on the internal impedance; according to theoretical and empirical data, the value X is more than or equal to 1.2-1.3, and X is a real number.
The present invention has been described in an illustrative manner by the embodiments, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is capable of various changes, modifications and substitutions without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A thermal runaway monitoring device for a power lithium ion battery pack is characterized by comprising a first unit, a second unit and a third unit which are sequentially connected;
the first unit is used for acquiring voltage signals, temperature signals and current signals of the battery pack and transmitting the acquired voltage signals, temperature signals and current signals of the battery pack to the second unit;
the second unit is used for monitoring the thermal runaway condition or risk of the battery pack in real time through a set algorithm according to the temperature signal, the voltage signal and the current signal of the battery pack, which are acquired by the first unit;
the second unit is also used for periodically sending a voltage signal, a temperature signal and a current signal of the battery pack to the third unit through the communication bus; the second unit is also used for sending a thermal runaway early warning signal or a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit;
the third unit is used for uploading a thermal runaway early warning signal or a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the cloud server so as to give an alarm through the cloud server; the third unit is also used for periodically uploading a voltage signal, a temperature signal and a current signal of the battery pack to the cloud server.
2. A method for a thermal runaway monitoring device for a power lithium ion battery pack, comprising:
during the constant-voltage constant-current charging of the battery pack, if the voltage of a certain battery in the battery pack is monitored to drop, namely dV/dt is less than 0, the situation that an internal short circuit occurs in the battery is shown, wherein V represents the charging voltage of the battery, and t represents the charging time, the second unit sends a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second unit sends a thermal runaway pre-warning signal to the third unit if a sudden rise in battery pack charging current over a period of time, i.e., dI/dt > 0, is monitored during constant voltage and constant current charging of the battery pack.
4. The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device for the power lithium ion battery pack of claim 2, further comprising:
if the temperature of a certain battery of the battery pack is monitored to be higher than 60 ℃, or when the temperature rise rate of the certain battery of the battery pack is too high, namely dT/dT is higher than 3-5, the second unit sends a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit.
5. The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device for the power lithium ion battery pack of claim 2, further comprising:
when the battery pack is subjected to discharge equalization, the method for monitoring thermal runaway comprises the following steps:
step 1-1: standing the battery pack to reach a set time requirement I;
step 1-2: when the battery pack is placed, the second switch unit starts a timer to time and judges whether the timing value of the timer reaches the set time requirement one, and if the timing value of the timer reaches the set time requirement one, the step 1-3 is executed;
step 1-3: the second switch unit obtains the current residual capacity of each battery of the battery pack through table lookup according to the function relation of SOC-OCV of each battery of the battery pack, and records the residual capacity as Qn;
step 1-4: the second switch unit starts an equalizing switch corresponding to each battery of the battery pack for equalization, synchronously starts a timer for timing, judges whether the timing value T1 of the timer reaches a set time requirement II, and calculates the equalizing electric quantity Q of each battery in real timebn；
Step 1-5: if the timing value T1 of the timer reaches the set time requirement two, executing the steps 1-6;
step 1-6: the second switch unit starts a timer to time while cutting off all the equalization switches, judges whether the timing value of the timer reaches a set time requirement III, and stands the battery pack to recover the voltage value of each battery of the battery pack to the OCV level;
step 1-7: if the timing value of the timer reaches the set time requirement three, executing the steps 1-8;
step 1-8: the second switch unit obtains the current residual capacity of each battery of the battery pack through table lookup according to the function relation of SOC-OCV of each battery of the battery pack, and the current residual capacity is recorded as Qn';
step 1-9: the second switch unit compares the capacity difference Q before and after each battery of the battery pack is balancedΔSaid capacity difference QΔThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
QΔ＝(Qn-Qn’)-Qbn；
step 1-10: the second switching unit judges whether Q is presentΔ≥n*QbnWhere n is the number of cells of the battery pack, if QΔ≥n*QbnGo to step 1-11, if QΔ<n*QbnDetermining that the battery pack does not have an in-cell short circuit condition;
step 1-11: and when the situation that the short circuit occurs in the power lithium ion battery pack is determined, the second unit sends a thermal runaway occurrence signal to the third unit.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the constant voltage and constant current charging is performed by performing constant current charging, and after reaching a constant voltage point, the constant voltage and constant current charging is performed, so that the charging current continuously decreases, and when the current value of the battery pack to be charged decreases to a set threshold value or the voltage value of the battery to be charged reaches a set threshold value, the charging is ended.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein after the second unit monitors and determines that an intra-cell short circuit fault of the battery pack occurs during charging and discharging, a fault handling mode is entered, and the fault handling mode comprises:
step A-1: after the second unit monitors and judges that the short circuit fault occurs in the battery of the battery pack in the charging and discharging process, the second unit turns off the charging and discharging loop and sets a fault flag bit to indicate that the short circuit fault occurs in the battery of the battery pack;
step A-2: the second unit uploads the thermal runaway occurrence signal, the voltage signal, the temperature signal and the current signal of the battery pack at the moment to a cloud server through the third unit;
step A-3: and then the cloud server informs the manufacturer or the client of the battery pack.
8. The method for the thermal runaway monitoring device for the power lithium ion battery pack of claim 2, further comprising:
a determination method of an extension of charging time, a determination method of a charging efficiency lower than a set threshold, or a determination method of a charging capacity;
the method for judging the extension of the charging time comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a relation table of maximum charging time of a battery pack at different temperatures is established through charging tests of the battery pack, and the theoretical maximum charging time of the battery pack at the current temperature state is directly obtained by the second unit through inquiring the relation table;
when the ratio of the actual charging time to the theoretical maximum charging time of the battery pack is larger than a set threshold value, the problem of potential internal short circuit in the current lithium ion battery pack can be predicted in advance;
the method for judging whether the charging efficiency is lower than the set threshold value comprises the following steps:
a table of the minimum charging efficiency of the battery pack under different temperatures and charging multiplying factors needs to be established through testing, the second unit can determine the charging efficiency of the battery pack under the current state by checking the table, and if the charging efficiency of the battery pack is monitored to be smaller than the minimum charging efficiency of the battery pack, the situation that a potential internal short circuit exists in the battery pack can be judged;
the method for determining the charge capacity includes:
the second unit judges that if the charging capacity of the battery/[ (the initial charging of the battery-the end of charging of the battery) × the battery capacity ] > X, if the actual charging capacity is larger than the theoretical capacity, the excessive current is considered to be consumed on the internal impedance; wherein X is more than or equal to 1.2-1.3 and is a real number.
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