CN110940725A - Detection device and method for internal leakage channel of dike - Google Patents
Detection device and method for internal leakage channel of dike Download PDFInfo
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- CN110940725A CN110940725A CN201911076019.3A CN201911076019A CN110940725A CN 110940725 A CN110940725 A CN 110940725A CN 201911076019 A CN201911076019 A CN 201911076019A CN 110940725 A CN110940725 A CN 110940725A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for detecting an internal leakage channel of a dike, wherein the device comprises two power supply electrodes, a signal transmitter and a magnetic field measuring instrument, and the method comprises the following steps: one electrode is placed at the position of a leakage water gap on the inner side of the dike, the other electrode is placed in water which is at a certain distance away from the dike on the outer side of the dike, an excitation current is generated by a signal transmitter and is transmitted into the water by a power supply electrode, and a current loop is formed; the magnetic field measuring instrument measures the distribution of abnormal magnetic fields on the water surface, and obtains the position of a leakage water inlet through data inversion; then moving the power supply electrode at the outer side of the dike to the position of the seepage water inlet; and measuring the magnetic field distribution generated by the current in the water of the leakage channel inside the dike on the surface of the dike by using a magnetic field measuring instrument, and obtaining the distribution and the trend of the leakage channel through data inversion. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the water leakage inlet and the leakage channel inside the dike can be quickly and effectively positioned without damaging the dike and the surrounding environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dike hidden trouble detection, in particular to a device and a method for detecting a dike internal leakage channel.
Background
The dikes may be divided into river dikes, lake dikes, sea dikes, reservoirs, dykes in low-lying areas of stagnant and flooded areas, etc. according to the locations where the dikes are constructed. The side of the dike that has water is called the outside and the other side the inside. Piping is a common dangerous situation in embankment engineering, often causes damages to embankment foundation and dam foundation geotechnical structures, reduces strength, even forms cavities and subsidences, further causes embankment deformation, collapse and even burst, and causes serious flood disasters. The seepage ports of piping inside the dike are easier to find, but the distribution, course, depth, etc. of the seepage channels present inside the dike are not easy to detect. The method can be used for exploring the quality condition of the dykes in time, eliminating hidden dangers such as leakage channels and the like in the dykes, and is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in modern hydraulic engineering.
At present, the method for detecting the hidden danger of the dike can be roughly divided into three types: manual exploration, geological drilling and geophysical exploration, the first two methods cannot meet the requirements of rapid, accurate or nondestructive exploration, and the third geophysical exploration method has the advantages. Geophysical detection methods which can be used for detecting the hidden danger of the dike include a ground penetrating radar method, a resistivity method, a transient electromagnetic method, a three-dimensional seismic method, an induced polarization method, a flow field method and the like. The ground penetrating radar can be used for detecting the hidden danger of the dike, the hidden danger of the dike is detected by a method of transmitting electromagnetic waves to the underground, but the speed of the geomagnetic waves is easily influenced by the water content of a medium, and the detection effect of the dike with higher water content (such as the dike in a wet region in the south) is greatly reduced; the resistivity method is commonly used for the detection of groundwater by feeding direct current into the ground through a ground electrode, creating a stable artificial current field, and then observing and studying the electricityThe distribution rule of the flow field is used for searching underground water. For an embankment with poor grounding conditions, the resistivity method has limitations; transient electromagnetic methods, which measure the secondary magnetic field generated by subsurface eddy currents, have the advantage over the resistivity and other electrical methods described above that the measurement need not be grounded, but the measurement signals of the transient electromagnetic methods cannot be frequency-selected and filtered, the measures for suppressing interference are complicated, and the level of the measurement signals is small, e.g. up to 10-7The magnitude is high, and the measurement difficulty is high; compared with a resistivity method, an induced polarization Method (MIP) has the advantages that the MIP is less influenced by terrain changes, a secondary magnetic field generated by an induced polarization effect is observed by the MIP, a measurement signal of the secondary field is very small and is only dozens of pitts generally, the number of applied induced polarization parameters is large at present, and the parameters are selected to be related to different geologic bodies and different instruments, so that the MIP cannot meet the requirements on simplicity and rapidness when the induced polarization method is used for detecting the hidden danger of the dike dam; three-dimensional (3D) seismic methods have been proven to delineate the flow channels of underground bodies of water, however, for regions with steep terrain or high coverage of vegetation, the use of 3D seismic methods can greatly increase the cost and difficulty of detection; the method utilizes electrodes to measure the change of potential gradient in water, and reflects the change of current field in water through the change of potential gradient, and the current field at the leakage position is abnormally increased due to the existence of leakage, so that the potential gradient at the leakage position is also abnormally increased, and the position of the water leakage opening can be found, but the method can not be used for detecting the leakage channel in the dike.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a device and a method for detecting an internal leakage channel of a bank, which manually apply a current to the interior of the bank, measure the magnetic field on the water surface outside the bank and the surface of the bank, and identify the position of a water leakage inlet of the bank and the information such as the distribution, the trend and the depth of the internal leakage channel of the bank according to the information such as the distribution, the strength and the direction of the magnetic field.
The invention provides a device for detecting an internal dike leakage channel, which comprises two power supply electrodes, a signal transmitter and a magnetic field measuring instrument, wherein the two power supply electrodes are respectively arranged on the inner side and the outer side of a dike and used for transmitting excitation current to water in the internal dike leakage channel; the signal transmitter is connected with the two power supply electrodes and is used for generating excitation current with certain frequency and amplitude; the magnetic field measuring instrument is arranged at each measuring point of the dike and is used for measuring a three-dimensional magnetic field generated by current in water and position information of the measuring point.
Further, the two power supply electrodes may be a single electrode or an electrode system composed of a plurality of electrodes, and the electrodes are made of a metal material with good electrical conductivity.
Further, the detection device further comprises a static magnetic field measuring instrument and a portable computer system, wherein the static magnetic field measuring instrument is used for measuring background magnetic field data, and the background magnetic field data is used for correcting the measurement result of the magnetic field measuring instrument; the portable computer system is used for running an application program for leakage channel detection, acquiring the measurement data of the magnetic field measuring instrument and the static magnetic field measuring instrument, and performing noise filtering, data correction, inversion, leakage channel modeling, result storage and display and man-machine interaction.
Further, the signal transmitter comprises a signal generator, a signal conditioning and voltage amplifying circuit, a power amplifying circuit, a microcontroller and a current monitoring circuit, wherein the microcontroller is used for setting the magnitude and frequency of an excitation current output by the power supply electrode, the microcontroller controls the signal generator to generate a sine wave signal with corresponding frequency according to the magnitude and frequency of the excitation current, and the sine wave signal is filtered and voltage amplified by the signal conditioning and voltage amplifying circuit, then power amplified by the power amplifying circuit and finally transmitted to the power supply electrode; the current monitoring circuit is connected with the microcontroller and used for monitoring the change of the excitation current in real time, the microcontroller receives and records the change data of the excitation current, and performs gain adjustment on the signal conditioning and voltage amplifying device and frequency adjustment on the signal generator according to the change data of the excitation current, so that the excitation current meets the setting requirement and keeps stable.
Further, the magnetic field measuring instrument comprises a GPS positioning device for measuring the position information of the measuring point.
Further, the magnetic field measuring instrument and the static magnetic field measuring instrument are in communication connection with the portable computer system.
The invention also provides a method for detecting the internal leakage channel of the dike, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing two power supply electrodes on two sides of the dike respectively, wherein one electrode is placed at the position of a leakage water gap on the inner side of the dike and is fully contacted with the leakage water, and the other electrode is placed in water at a certain distance from the dike on the outer side of the dike; fixedly placing the static magnetic field measuring instrument on the dike, and measuring the change of the background magnetic field;
s2, the signal transmitter generates excitation current, the excitation current is transmitted into water by the power supply electrode to form a current loop, a magnetic field is generated in the surrounding space, and magnetic field data and position information of corresponding measuring points are measured and recorded at each measuring point on the water surface by using the magnetic field measuring instrument;
s3, the portable computer system obtains the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument and the static magnetic field measuring instrument, corrects the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument, and performs data analysis and inversion by using the corrected data to find out the position of the leakage water inlet;
s4, stopping generating exciting current by the signal transmitter, moving the power supply electrode placed in the water outside the dike to the position of the seepage water inlet, restarting the signal transmitter to generate exciting current, and measuring and recording magnetic field data and position information of corresponding measuring points at each measuring point on the surface of the dike by using the magnetic field measuring instrument again;
and S5, the portable computer system acquires the data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument and the static magnetic field measuring instrument, corrects the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument, and performs data analysis and inversion by using the corrected data to finally obtain the two-dimensional distribution and trend of the leakage channel.
Further, the excitation current generated by the signal transmitter is a low frequency current signal having a frequency that is not equal to the frequency of the local power frequencies and their harmonic signals.
Further, the specific process of data correction in steps S3 and S5 is as follows: and subtracting the magnetic field change of the measuring point caused by the amplitude change of the exciting current, the magnetic field change of the measuring point caused by the change of the background magnetic field, the interference caused by the human facilities in the embankment, the interference magnetic field generated by a lead and an electrode for transmitting the exciting current and the error introduced by the topographic change of the measuring point from the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument.
Further, the specific processes of data analysis and inversion in steps S3 and S5 are as follows: connecting the measuring points with the same magnetic field component along the trend direction of the dike into a line on the map by using the corrected magnetic field data and the position information of the corresponding measuring points, and drawing a magnetic field contour map; in the first magnetic field contour map obtained in the step S3, the projection of the leakage water inlet on the water surface is located at the maximum magnetic field component, and then the position of the leakage water inlet is determined according to the water depth; in the second magnetic field contour map obtained in step S5, the two-dimensional distribution and trend of the internal dike leak paths are determined by connecting the long axis end points of the approximate ellipse formed by the magnetic field components in the map.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the invention can quickly and effectively position the water leakage inlet and the leakage channel inside the dike without damaging the dike and the surrounding environment; (2) according to the invention, the leakage water inlet is determined firstly, and then the electrode is directly placed on the leakage water inlet, so that the current injected into the leakage channel is more concentrated, and the magnetic field measurement result of the surface of the embankment is enhanced; (3) compared with the traditional embankment leakage detection technology, the technology can obviously reduce the detection time and cost and improve the accuracy of embankment leakage detection; (4) the technology observes that the magnetic field data directly excited by current has more stable and reliable measurement results compared with the traditional induced polarization method and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a first schematic diagram of a method for detecting a dyke internal leakage channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic diagram illustrating a method for detecting a dyke internal leakage channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural view of a signal transmitter of the detection device for the internal dike leakage path according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structural view of a magnetic field measuring instrument of the detection device of the internal dike leakage passage provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a static magnetic field measuring instrument of the detection device for the internal dike leakage channel provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for detecting an internal dike leak path according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the current-carrying straight wire in the method for detecting a leakage channel inside a bank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a characteristic of a magnetic field generated by a current-carrying straight wire in the method for detecting a dyke internal leakage path according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a contour map of the horizontal component of the magnetic field on the water surface in the inversion process of step S3 of the method for detecting a dyke internal leakage path according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a contour map of horizontal components of the magnetic field on the surface of the bank during the inversion process of step S5 of the method for detecting a leak path inside the bank according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for detecting an internal leakage channel of a dike, including a power supply electrode 1, a power supply electrode 2, a signal transmitter 3, and a magnetic field measuring apparatus 4, where the power supply electrode 1 and the power supply electrode 2 may be a single electrode or an electrode system composed of multiple electrodes, and the electrodes are made of metal materials with good electrical conductivity, such as copper and aluminum. When the detection is started, the power supply electrode 1 is firstly placed in water which is at a certain distance from the dike at the outer side of the dike, the power supply electrode 2 is placed at the position of a leakage water gap at the inner side of the dike and is fully contacted with the leakage water, if a plurality of leakage water gaps exist in practical application, one electrode can be placed at each water gap, and then the electrodes are connected in parallel by using a lead to form an electrode system; the signal transmitter 3 is connected with the power supply electrode 1 and the power supply electrode 2 through leads, the signal transmitter 3 generates excitation current with certain frequency and amplitude, and the excitation current is transmitted into water through the power supply electrode 1; when a leakage channel 7 exists inside the dike, the excitation current flows through the leakage water inlet 6, the leakage channel 7 and the power supply electrode 2 and returns to the signal transmitter 3 to form a current loop.
The device for detecting the internal leakage channel of the dike provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises a static magnetic field measuring instrument 10 and a portable computer system 11, wherein the static magnetic field measuring instrument 10 is used for measuring background magnetic field data, and the background magnetic field data is used for correcting the measurement result of the magnetic field measuring instrument 4; the portable computer system 11 is used for running an application program for leakage channel detection, acquiring measurement data of the magnetic field measurement instrument 4 and the static magnetic field measurement instrument 10, and performing noise filtering, data correction, inversion, leakage channel modeling, result storage and display, man-machine interaction and other work.
Referring to fig. 3, the signal transmitter 3 includes a signal generator 3.1, a signal conditioning and voltage amplifying circuit 3.2, a power amplifying circuit 3.3, a Microcontroller (MCU)3.4, and a current monitoring circuit 3.5, wherein an operator sets the magnitude and frequency of an excitation current output by the power supply electrode 1 through the MCU3.4, the MCU3.4 controls the signal generator 3.1 to generate a sine wave signal with a corresponding frequency according to the magnitude and frequency setting value of the excitation current, and the sine wave signal is filtered and voltage-amplified by the signal conditioning and voltage amplifying circuit 3.2, then power-amplified by the power amplifying circuit 3.3, and finally transmitted to the power supply electrode; the current monitoring circuit 3.5 is connected with the MCU3.4 and used for monitoring the change of the excitation current in real time, the MCU3.4 receives and records the change data of the excitation current, and carries out gain adjustment on the signal conditioning and voltage amplifying circuit 3.2 and frequency adjustment on the signal generator 3.1 according to the change data of the excitation current, so that the excitation current meets the setting requirement and keeps stable.
Referring to fig. 4, the magnetic field measuring instrument 4 includes a magnetic field sensor 4.1, a signal conditioning circuit 4.2, a phase-locked amplifying circuit 4.3, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 4.4, a digital signal processing circuit 4.5, and a GPS positioning device 4.6, wherein the magnetic field sensor 4.1 is used for measuring a three-dimensional magnetic field signal of a measuring point, the magnetic field signal is amplified and filtered by the signal conditioning circuit 4.2, and then phase-sensitive detection is performed by the phase-locked amplifying circuit 4.3, so as to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the magnetic field signal, and then the magnetic field signal is converted into a digitized magnetic field signal by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 4; the GPS positioning device 4.6 is used for providing position information of a measuring point; the digital signal processing circuit 4.5 analyzes and processes the digitized magnetic field signal and the position information of the measuring point and transmits the processed magnetic field signal and the position information to the portable computer system 11. The measuring coordinate system of the magnetic field sensor 4.1 comprises three axes x, y and z, and when the magnetic field measuring instrument 4 measures at each measuring point, the y axis is placed downwards along the trend of the dike and the z axis.
Referring to fig. 5, the static magnetic field measuring apparatus 10 includes a magnetic field sensor 10.1, a signal conditioning circuit 10.2, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 10.3, and a digital signal processing circuit 10.4, the static magnetic field measuring apparatus 10 is fixedly disposed on a dyke, a change process of a background magnetic field with time is monitored, and measured data is used for correcting a measurement result of the magnetic field measuring apparatus 4. The magnetic field signal measured by the magnetic field sensor 10.1 is amplified and filtered by the signal conditioning circuit 10.2, then is digitized by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 10.3, and finally is analyzed and processed by the digital signal processing circuit 10.4 and then is transmitted to the portable computer system 11.
The portable computer system 11 may be a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a palm computer or a self-designed upper computer, and the portable computer system 11 runs a corresponding leakage channel detection application program, receives the measurement data of the magnetic field measurement instrument 4 and the static magnetic field measurement instrument 10, and performs operations such as noise filtering, data correction, inversion, leakage channel modeling, result storage and display, human-computer interaction and the like.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 6, the present embodiment further provides a method for detecting an internal dike leakage channel by using the above-mentioned detection device, which includes the following steps:
s1, placing the power supply electrode 1 in water outside the dike at a certain distance from the dike, placing the power supply electrode 2 at the position of the seepage water gap inside the dike, and fully contacting the seepage water; the power supply electrode 1 placed in the water outside the dike should be at a distance from the dike so that the current density near the seepage water inlet is significantly greater than elsewhere in the water.
S2, the signal transmitter 3 generates excitation current, the excitation current is transmitted into water by the power supply electrode to form a current loop, a magnetic field is generated in the surrounding space, and the magnetic field data and the position information of the corresponding measuring point are measured and recorded at each measuring point on the water surface by using the magnetic field measuring instrument 4;
river water, lake water and most of underground water contain a large amount of ions, so that the conductivity is good, current injected into the water can flow along water waves, and the current mainly flows along the leakage channels due to the fact that the leakage channels exist inside the dikes and the resistivity of the water is lower than that of the dikes; the flowing alternating current will generate a magnetic field in its surrounding space. It should be noted that the excitation current is a low-frequency current signal, and since common power supply frequencies of the alternating current have 50Hz and 60Hz, in order to avoid power frequency interference, the frequency of the low-frequency current signal is selected to be unequal to the frequencies of the 50Hz, 60Hz and their harmonic signals, for example, 80Hz, 280Hz, or 380Hz, and the excitation current, after signal conditioning, can be used as a reference signal for later-stage data processing, such as correlation detection.
S3, the portable computer system 11 obtains the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument 4 and the static magnetic field measuring instrument 10, corrects the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument 4, and performs data analysis and inversion by using the corrected data to find out the position of the leakage water inlet 6;
specifically, the specific process of the data correction is as follows: the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument 4 is subtracted with the magnetic field change of the measuring point caused by the amplitude change of the exciting current, the magnetic field change of the measuring point caused by the change of the background magnetic field, the interference caused by the human facilities such as the cable and the like in the embankment, the interference magnetic field generated by the lead and the electrode for transmitting the exciting current and the error caused by the topographic change of the measuring point.
The principle of data inversion is as follows: when a leakage channel exists inside the dikes, the leakage channel becomes a 'wire' for current transmission, and for the convenience of analysis, the 'wire' is regarded as being formed by connecting a plurality of sections of finite long current-carrying straight wires, wherein each section of straight wire is as shown in fig. 7. According to the Biot-Savart law, the current element
Excited element magnetic field
Can be represented by the following formula (in international systems of units):
wherein r represents a current element
The distance (seen as being at one point) to the field point P,
representing slave current cells
Unit vector, mu, pointing to field point P0Denotes the magnetic permeability, μ, of a vacuum0＝4π×10-7N/A2. The magnetic field follows the principle of superposition, so that the magnetic field excited by a wire with any shape and carrying a constant current can be obtained by integrating the above expression.
For a straight wire as shown in fig. 7, the element magnetic field generated by any current element on the wire at any field point P has the same direction, so the magnitude of the magnetic field at point P can be obtained by scalar integration:
where θ represents a unit vector as shown in fig. 7
Angle with current direction in the wire, l represents current element
Along the length coordinate of the straight wire (with the point P to the foot of the wire as the zero point and the direction of current flow in the wire as positive), θ can be determined from the perpendicular distance α from the point P to the wire and the length L, and L represents the total length of the wire.
The magnetic field generated by the current-carrying straight conductor in the surrounding space is shown in fig. 8, and according to the above formula, the magnetic field has the following characteristics: (1) directly above the wire, the horizontal component of the magnetic field strength reaches a maximum value, while the vertical component is 0; (2) at a position horizontally adjacent to the wire, the vertical component of the magnetic field strength reaches a maximum value, while the horizontal component is 0. And determining the current flow direction in the leakage channel by utilizing the distribution characteristics of the magnetic field intensity.
Specifically, the magnetic field sensor 4.1 can measure three-dimensional magnetic field data, and obtain magnetic field components of the magnetic field intensity at different positions on the water surface outside the dike on three axes of x, y and z. The magnetic field measuring instrument 4 is placed with the y-axis along the bank trend and the z-axis downward, so that a contour map of the y-component of the magnetic field on the water surface outside the bank can be drawn, as shown in fig. 9, the contour map of the y-component of the magnetic field is formed by connecting the measuring points on the water surface where the y-component of the magnetic field is the same in magnitude, and the values in fig. 9 represent the magnitude (in gauss) of the y-component of the magnetic field generated by the current in water. The magnetic field contour map can simply and intuitively reflect the relative size of the magnetic field of each observation point, wherein the position with the maximum y component of the magnetic field is positioned right above the water leakage inlet, inversion is carried out, the projection position of the water leakage inlet on the water surface is determined, and the accurate position of the water leakage inlet can be obtained according to the water depth.
S4, the signal transmitter 3 stops generating the excitation current, and moves the power supply electrode 1 to the position of the leakage water inlet 6, so that the current 5 injected into the leakage channel 7 is more concentrated, thereby enhancing the accuracy of measuring the magnetic field on the surface of the dike; the signal transmitter 3 is restarted to generate exciting current, and magnetic field data and position information of corresponding measuring points are measured and recorded at each measuring point on the surface of the dike by using the magnetic field measuring instrument 4 again;
s5, the portable computer system 11 obtains the data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument 4 and the static magnetic field measuring instrument 10, corrects the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument 4, and performs data analysis and inversion by using the corrected data to finally obtain the two-dimensional distribution and trend of the leakage channel 7.
Specifically, the data correction, analysis and inversion processes are the same as step S3, and the measurement points with the same size of the y component of the magnetic field on the surface of the dike are connected on the map by using the corrected magnetic field data and the position information of the measurement points, so as to obtain the magnetic field contour map as shown in fig. 10, wherein the values in fig. 10 represent the relative size of the y component of the magnetic field, the contour line in fig. 10 can be approximately regarded as an ellipse, and the long axis end point of the ellipse contour line in fig. 10, namely the diagram midpoint A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, is smoothly connected, so as to obtain the two-dimensional distribution and trend of the internal leakage channel 7 of the dike.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The device for detecting the internal leakage channel of the dike is characterized by comprising two power supply electrodes, a signal transmitter and a magnetic field measuring instrument, wherein the two power supply electrodes are respectively arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the dike and used for transmitting excitation current to water in the internal leakage channel of the dike; the signal transmitter is connected with the two power supply electrodes and is used for generating excitation current with certain frequency and amplitude; the magnetic field measuring instrument is arranged at each measuring point of the dike and is used for measuring a three-dimensional magnetic field generated by current in water and position information of the measuring point.
2. The apparatus for detecting the internal leakage paths of a bank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two power supply electrodes can be a single electrode or an electrode system consisting of a plurality of electrodes, and the electrodes are made of a metal material with good electrical conductivity.
3. A detection device for internal dike leakage paths according to claim 1, wherein the detection device further comprises a static magnetic field measuring instrument and a portable computer system, wherein the static magnetic field measuring instrument is used for measuring background magnetic field data, and the background magnetic field data is used for correcting the measurement result of the magnetic field measuring instrument; the portable computer system is used for running an application program for leakage channel detection, acquiring the measurement data of the magnetic field measuring instrument and the static magnetic field measuring instrument, and performing noise filtering, data correction, inversion, leakage channel modeling, result storage and display and man-machine interaction.
4. The apparatus for detecting the internal leakage channel of an embankment according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmitter comprises a signal generator, a signal conditioning and voltage amplifying circuit, a power amplifying circuit, a microcontroller and a current monitoring circuit, wherein the microcontroller is configured to set the magnitude and frequency of the excitation current output by the power supply electrode, the microcontroller controls the signal generator to generate a sine wave signal with a corresponding frequency according to the magnitude and frequency of the excitation current, and the sine wave signal is filtered and voltage-amplified by the signal conditioning and voltage amplifying circuit, then power-amplified by the power amplifying circuit, and finally transmitted to the power supply electrode; the current monitoring circuit is connected with the microcontroller and used for monitoring the change of the excitation current in real time, the microcontroller receives and records the change data of the excitation current, and performs gain adjustment on the signal conditioning and voltage amplifying device and frequency adjustment on the signal generator according to the change data of the excitation current, so that the excitation current meets the setting requirement and keeps stable.
5. The apparatus for detecting the internal leakage path of a bank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic field measuring instrument comprises a GPS positioning device for measuring the position information of the measuring point.
6. A detection apparatus for internal dike leakage paths according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the magnetic field measuring apparatus and the static magnetic field measuring apparatus are communicatively connected with the portable computer system.
7. A method of detecting a dyke internal leak path using a detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, placing two power supply electrodes on two sides of the dike respectively, wherein one electrode is placed at the position of a leakage water gap on the inner side of the dike and is fully contacted with the leakage water, and the other electrode is placed in water at a certain distance from the dike on the outer side of the dike; fixedly placing the static magnetic field measuring instrument on the dike, and measuring the change of the background magnetic field;
s2, the signal transmitter generates excitation current, the excitation current is transmitted into water by the power supply electrode to form a current loop, a magnetic field is generated in the surrounding space, and magnetic field data and position information of corresponding measuring points are measured and recorded at each measuring point on the water surface by using the magnetic field measuring instrument;
s3, the portable computer system obtains the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument and the static magnetic field measuring instrument, corrects the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument, and performs data analysis and inversion by using the corrected data to find out the position of the leakage water inlet;
s4, stopping generating exciting current by the signal transmitter, moving the power supply electrode placed in the water outside the dike to the position of the seepage water inlet, restarting the signal transmitter to generate exciting current, and measuring and recording magnetic field data and position information of corresponding measuring points at each measuring point on the surface of the dike by using the magnetic field measuring instrument again;
and S5, the portable computer system acquires the data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument and the static magnetic field measuring instrument, corrects the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument, and performs data analysis and inversion by using the corrected data to finally obtain the two-dimensional distribution and trend of the leakage channel.
8. A method of detecting a dyke internal leak channel according to claim 7, wherein the excitation current generated by the signal transmitter is a low frequency current signal having a frequency not equal to the frequency of the local power frequencies and their harmonics.
9. The method for detecting an embankment internal leakage channel according to claim 7, wherein the data correction in steps S3 and S5 comprises the following steps: and subtracting the magnetic field change of the measuring point caused by the amplitude change of the exciting current, the magnetic field change of the measuring point caused by the change of the background magnetic field, the interference caused by the human facilities in the embankment, the interference magnetic field generated by a lead and an electrode for transmitting the exciting current and the error introduced by the topographic change of the measuring point from the magnetic field data measured by the magnetic field measuring instrument.
10. The method for detecting the dyke internal leakage channel according to claim 7, wherein the specific processes of data analysis and inversion in the steps S3 and S5 are as follows: connecting the measuring points with the same magnetic field component along the trend direction of the dike into a line on the map by using the corrected magnetic field data and the position information of the corresponding measuring points, and drawing a magnetic field contour map; in the first magnetic field contour map obtained in the step S3, the projection of the leakage water inlet on the water surface is located at the maximum magnetic field component, and then the position of the leakage water inlet is determined according to the water depth; in the second magnetic field contour map obtained in step S5, the two-dimensional distribution and trend of the internal dike leak paths are determined by connecting the long axis end points of the approximate ellipse formed by the magnetic field components in the map.
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