CN110938260A - Hybrid fiber composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hybrid fiber composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110938260A CN110938260A CN201911302245.9A CN201911302245A CN110938260A CN 110938260 A CN110938260 A CN 110938260A CN 201911302245 A CN201911302245 A CN 201911302245A CN 110938260 A CN110938260 A CN 110938260A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid fiber composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation raw materials comprise: sisal fiber, ternary polymerization fiber, carbon fiber, thermoplastic resin, aramid fiber and basalt fiber; heating, melting and mixing thermoplastic resin and sisal fiber, adding carbon fiber, ternary copolymer fiber and basalt fiber, raising the temperature, blending, feeding into a double-screw extruder through a main feeder, adding aramid fiber into a side feeding port of the double-screw extruder, and performing bracing, cooling, granulating and drying on the obtained substance to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material. The hybrid fiber composite material prepared by the invention combines the advantages of various fiber materials, has higher tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and other properties, and overcomes the technical problem of uneven material strength caused by hybrid fibers in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete materials, in particular to a preparation method, a product and application of a hybrid fiber composite material.
Background
Concrete is the most widely used building material in buildings and civil infrastructures, but has large brittleness, poor durability and poor high temperature resistance, when a fire disaster occurs or the concrete is exposed to an open fire, the original mechanical property of the concrete is gradually deteriorated along with the rise of the temperature, the structural bearing capacity is rapidly reduced, a concrete member directly exposed to the open fire is also likely to burst at high temperature, the internal concrete and steel bars thereof also rapidly lose strength, and the personal safety and the public property safety are seriously threatened.
In the research process of fiber concrete, it is found that adding one fiber into concrete has certain limitation, and only single performance of concrete can be improved, so that some scholars propose to add fibers with different characteristics into concrete materials, and realize the effect of improving the related performance of concrete on the whole by mixing and adding different fibers, and long-time research and verification prove that the mixed fiber can improve the mechanical performance of concrete materials better than the single-mixed fiber. However, when two or more fibers are mixed in the concrete, the mechanical properties of each part of the concrete are not uniform due to the uneven mixing of different fibers in the concrete, thereby causing a technical problem of local collapse in case of disaster.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a hybrid fiber composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the hybrid fiber composite material is prepared by blending and smelting carbon fibers, basalt fibers, sisal fibers, ternary copolymer fibers and thermoplastic resin and extruding the blended and smelted carbon fibers, aramid fibers and aramid fibers through a double-screw extruder, so that the technical problem of limitation of a single material on the improvement of the performance of concrete is solved, the technical problem of non-uniform mechanical properties caused by non-uniform mixing during fiber mixing and doping is also avoided, and various performances of the hybrid fiber are obviously improved.
In one of the technical schemes of the invention, the hybrid fiber composite material comprises the following components: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of sisal fiber, 1-5 parts of ternary copolymer fiber, 5-10 parts of carbon fiber, 50-80 parts of thermoplastic resin, 10-20 parts of aramid fiber and 20-40 parts of basalt fiber.
Preferably, the thermoplastic resin is one or more of polypropylene, polylactic acid, polyethylene and polyamide.
Preferably, the lengths of the sisal fibers, the ternary copolymer fibers, the carbon fibers and the basalt fibers are 3-5mm, and the length of the aramid fibers is 5-10 mm.
The second technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the hybrid fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio;
(2) placing the thermoplastic resin and the sisal fibers in a mixing container, heating, melting and mixing at the temperature of 170-200 ℃, and continuously stirring in the process;
(3) adding carbon fiber, ternary copolymer fiber and basalt fiber, heating to the temperature of 220-280 ℃, continuously heating, melting and mixing, and continuously stirring in the process;
(4) feeding the blending material obtained in the step (3) into a double-screw extruder through a main feeder, and adding aramid fibers into a side feeding port of the double-screw extruder;
(5) and (4) carrying out bracing, cooling, granulating and drying on the substance obtained in the step (4) to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material.
Preferably, the carbon fiber and the basalt fiber are further subjected to pretreatment of the following steps: coating silane coupling agent solution on the surfaces of carbon fibers and basalt fibers, and then drying.
Preferably, the silane coupling agent solution is obtained by dissolving the silane coupling agent in an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is one or more of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and isobutanol.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the silane coupling agent in the silane coupling agent solution is 12 to 14%.
Preferably, the aramid fiber is further subjected to pretreatment as follows: placing the aramid fiber in a liquid nitrogen environment at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ to minus 60 ℃ for 8-16h, heating to room temperature, taking out and drying.
Preferably, in the step (4), the main feeding rotating speed is 50-80 r.p.m, the side feeding rotating speed is 20-40 r.p.m, the rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is 200-300 r.p.m, and the temperature of each section of the double-screw extruder is 200-250 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention takes relatively cheap fibers such as carbon fiber, basalt fiber, sisal fiber, ternary polymerization fiber and the like as main materials, the fibers are mixed and smelted with thermoplastic resin to prepare the hybrid reinforced fiber composite raw material, and then the hybrid reinforced fiber composite raw material and aramid fiber are extruded and cooled, granulated and dried by a double screw extruder to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material.
The reinforcing fiber and the thermoplastic resin are tightly combined together, so that the flowing distance of the resin in the impregnation process is greatly reduced, and the difficulty of the impregnation of the thermoplastic resin matrix is overcome. Meanwhile, the wrapping effect of the resin slows down and reduces the degree of corrosion and degradation of the carbon fiber, the sisal fiber and the like to a great extent, so that the mechanical property of the hybrid fiber is well maintained.
The pretreatment step before blending of the carbon fiber and the basalt fiber can protect functional groups on the surfaces of the carbon fiber and the basalt fiber, so that the technical problem that interface adhesive force is greatly reduced due to the fact that unstable groups and carbon chains contained on the surfaces of the carbon fiber and the basalt fiber are decomposed to generate gas at a high processing temperature of thermoplastic resin is solved to a great extent, and the binding capacity of the carbon fiber and the basalt fiber with the resin is improved.
The ductility and toughness of the composite material can be improved by doping the ternary copolymer fibers, and the composite material has high stability and dispersibility, and the addition of a small amount of the ternary copolymer fibers is also beneficial to uniform dispersion of the carbon fibers and the basalt fibers in the resin.
The friction resistance and the tensile property of the aramid fiber are obviously improved after the cryogenic treatment, the surface is roughened, and the contact area of the aramid fiber and the hybrid reinforced fiber composite material is obviously increased, so that the aramid fiber hybrid reinforced fiber composite material is favorable for forming a good bonding interface, and the comprehensive performance of the hybrid fiber composite material is improved.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
Weighing the following raw materials: 5 parts of sisal fibers, 3 parts of ternary copolymer fibers, 8 parts of carbon fibers, 75 parts of polypropylene, 15 parts of aramid fibers and 35 parts of basalt fibers, wherein the lengths of the sisal fibers, the ternary copolymer fibers, the carbon fibers and the basalt fibers are 3-5mm, and the length of the aramid fibers is 5-10 mm; placing polypropylene and sisal fibers in a mixing container, heating at 180 ℃, melting and mixing, and continuously stirring in the process; adding carbon fiber, ternary copolymer fiber and basalt fiber, heating to 230 ℃, continuously heating, melting and mixing, and continuously stirring in the process; feeding the obtained blending material into a double-screw extruder through a main feeder, adding aramid fiber into a side feeding port of the double-screw extruder, controlling the main feeding rotating speed to be 60r.p.m, the side feeding rotating speed to be 20r.p.m, the rotating speed of the double-screw extruder to be 220r.p.m, and the temperatures of the double-screw extruder from the feeding port to a machine head to be 220 ℃, 220 ℃, 230 ℃, 230 ℃, 240 ℃, 240 ℃, 245 ℃, 245 ℃ and 240 ℃; the mixture is subjected to composite treatment such as shearing, melting and the like in a double-screw extruder, and the obtained substance is subjected to bracing, cooling, granulating and drying treatment to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the carbon fiber and the basalt fiber are coated with a 12% silane coupling agent solution (ethanol as a solvent) before being mixed and then dried.
Example 3
The difference from example 2 is that the aramid fiber is further subjected to pretreatment as follows: and (3) placing the aramid fiber in a liquid nitrogen environment at 60 ℃ below zero for 12h, heating to room temperature, taking out and drying.
Example 4
The difference from example 3 is that no terpolymer fibers were added.
Example 5
The difference from example 3 is that the aramid fiber and other fiber raw materials are added into polypropylene together, and then the mixture is extruded, pulled into strips, cooled, cut into particles and dried to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material.
Example 6
The difference from example 3 is that the fiber lengths are 3 to 5 mm.
Example 7
The difference from example 3 is that the fiber lengths are 5 to 10 mm.
The mechanical properties of the carbon fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber and the hybrid fiber composite material prepared in examples 1 to 7 were measured, and the test piece size was: the thickness is 2mm, the width is 15mm, the interval is 130mm, and the clamping length is 50 mm. The test was divided into 21 groups of 3 specimens each. The test selects a DNS100 tensile testing machine (the accuracy grade is 0.5) and a CRIMS extensometer (the gauge length is 50mm), the mode of continuously loading until a test piece is damaged is adopted, the loading mechanism is displacement control, the loading speed is 2mm/min, and a computer automatically records the maximum load, the displacement change between the gauge lengths of the extensometers and a load-displacement curve. The results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Through the embodiment, the mechanical property of the composite material can be obviously improved by pretreating the fibers before melt blending, and meanwhile, the fiber length and the adding sequence also have obvious influence on the mechanical property of the prepared hybrid fiber composite material.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The hybrid fiber composite material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of sisal fiber, 1-5 parts of ternary copolymer fiber, 5-10 parts of carbon fiber, 50-80 parts of thermoplastic resin, 10-20 parts of aramid fiber and 20-40 parts of basalt fiber.
2. Hybrid fiber composite according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermoplastic resin is one or more of polypropylene, polylactic acid, polyethylene, polyamide.
3. The hybrid fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein the sisal fibers, the terpolymeric fibers, the carbon fibers and the basalt fibers have a length of 3-5mm, and the aramid fibers have a length of 5-10 mm.
4. A method for preparing a hybrid fiber composite according to any of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio;
(2) placing the thermoplastic resin and the sisal fibers in a mixing container, heating, melting and mixing at the temperature of 170-200 ℃, and continuously stirring in the process;
(3) adding carbon fiber, ternary copolymer fiber and basalt fiber, heating to the temperature of 220-280 ℃, continuously heating, melting and mixing, and continuously stirring in the process;
(4) feeding the blending material obtained in the step (3) into a double-screw extruder through a main feeder, and adding aramid fibers into a side feeding port of the double-screw extruder;
(5) and (4) bracing, cooling, granulating and drying the material obtained in the step (4) to obtain the hybrid fiber composite material.
5. The method for preparing the hybrid fiber composite material according to claim 4, wherein the carbon fiber and the basalt fiber are further subjected to pretreatment of the following steps: coating silane coupling agent solution on the surfaces of carbon fibers and basalt fibers, and then drying.
6. The method of preparing a hybrid fiber composite according to claim 5, wherein the silane coupling agent solution is obtained by dissolving the silane coupling agent in an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is one or more of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and isobutanol.
7. The method for preparing a hybrid fiber composite material according to claim 6, wherein the mass concentration of the silane coupling agent in the silane coupling agent solution is 12 to 14%.
8. The method for preparing the hybrid fiber composite material according to claim 4, wherein the aramid fiber is further subjected to a pretreatment comprising the following steps: placing the aramid fiber in a liquid nitrogen environment at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ to minus 60 ℃ for 8-16h, heating to room temperature, taking out and drying.
9. The preparation method of the hybrid fiber composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the main feeding rotation speed in step (4) is 50-80 r.p.m, the side feeding rotation speed is 20-40 r.p.m, the rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder is 200-300 r.p.m, and the temperature of each section of the twin-screw extruder is 200-250 ℃.
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Cited By (3)
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CN111892751A (en) * | 2020-07-04 | 2020-11-06 | 湖南瑞亚高科集团有限公司 | Sisal fiber and carbon fiber composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN113174077A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-07-27 | 青岛科技大学 | Preparation method of heat insulation material |
CN116005308A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-04-25 | 常熟市亚细亚纺织装饰有限公司 | High-fastness fiber and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
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CN116005308A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-04-25 | 常熟市亚细亚纺织装饰有限公司 | High-fastness fiber and preparation method thereof |
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