CN110937590A - Preparation method of porous carbon material and prepared porous carbon material - Google Patents
Preparation method of porous carbon material and prepared porous carbon material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110937590A CN110937590A CN201911316949.1A CN201911316949A CN110937590A CN 110937590 A CN110937590 A CN 110937590A CN 201911316949 A CN201911316949 A CN 201911316949A CN 110937590 A CN110937590 A CN 110937590A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a porous carbon material and the prepared porous carbon material, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of grinding river bottom sludge after freeze drying, and then pre-carbonizing the ground river bottom sludge under the protection of inert gas; adding a product obtained after pre-carbonization into a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, mixing and stirring for a certain time, washing the obtained mixed solution by using distilled water, and drying a solid product obtained after washing; adding the dried product and potassium hydroxide into distilled water, mixing and stirring for a certain time, drying the obtained mixed solution, and grinding the dried product; carbonizing the product obtained after grinding under the protection of inert gas; and soaking the carbonized carbon material in dilute hydrochloric acid, washing the obtained mixed solution by using distilled water, and drying the washed solid product to obtain the porous carbon material. The obtained porous carbon material has large specific surface area and reasonable pore size distribution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a porous carbon material and a prepared porous carbon material, and belongs to the technical field of porous carbon material manufacturing processes.
Background
With the development of socioeconomic in China, the living standard is improved, the attention to environmental problems is increased day by day, and the environment-friendly economy can be developed continuously to be the subject of future development. In recent years, the amount of river bottom sludge is increasing continuously, and how to realize reduction, resource utilization and stabilization of river bottom sludge is always a research hotspot. The research on the pyrolysis of the river bottom sludge focuses on the goals of reducing the treatment cost of the river bottom sludge, reducing energy consumption, realizing the stabilization of the river bottom sludge and the like, and the research on the resource utilization of the porous carbon material obtained after the pyrolysis of the river bottom sludge is not much.
The porous carbon material is a solid product prepared by carbonizing and pyrolyzing biomass with rich carbon, such as various plants, animal wastes, wood, urban and industrial wastes, forestry and agricultural wastes and the like. The river bottom sludge contains rich organic matters, and has huge amount and low price. The river bottom sludge is changed into 'waste' into valuable in active research and exploration in many countries, and abundant biomass energy in the river bottom sludge is developed and utilized to realize resource utilization of waste.
Therefore, providing a method for preparing a porous carbon material using river bottom sludge as a precursor and the porous carbon material prepared thereby have become technical problems to be solved in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above disadvantages and shortcomings, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a porous carbon material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a porous carbon material produced by the above method for producing a porous carbon material.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a porous carbon material, wherein the method for preparing a porous carbon material comprises:
(1) freeze-drying and grinding the river bottom sludge, and then carrying out pre-carbonization treatment on the ground river bottom sludge under the protection of inert gas;
(2) adding a product obtained after the pre-carbonization treatment into a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, mixing and stirring for a certain time, washing the obtained mixed solution by using distilled water, and drying a solid product obtained after washing;
(3) adding the dried product and potassium hydroxide into distilled water, mixing and stirring for a certain time, drying the obtained mixed solution, and grinding the dried product;
(4) carbonizing the product obtained after grinding under the protection of inert gas;
(5) and soaking the carbon material obtained after carbonization in dilute hydrochloric acid, washing the obtained mixed solution by using distilled water, and drying the solid product obtained after washing to obtain the porous carbon material.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, preferably, in the step (1), the freeze-drying of the river bottom sludge includes:
freezing river bottom sludge at-30 ℃ to-90 ℃ for not less than 30h to completely freeze the river bottom sludge;
and then, carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the completely frozen river bottom sludge at the temperature of between 50 ℃ below zero and 75 ℃ below zero for 24 to 72 hours.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, the freezing temperature ranges from-30 ℃ to-90 ℃, and when the freezing temperature is low, the time required for freezing can be appropriately shortened as long as it is ensured that the river bottom sludge can be completely frozen.
In the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum freeze-drying can be carried out in a vacuum freeze-drying apparatus, the temperature of the vacuum freeze-drying is-50 to-75 ℃, and the time is 24 to 72 hours, so that the water content of the river bottom sludge after the vacuum freeze-drying is as small as possible. In one embodiment of the present invention, the vacuum freeze-drying time may be, for example, 24 hours, 48 hours, and the like.
The invention has the advantages that the freeze drying is carried out on the river bottom sludge: most of water in the river bottom sludge can be removed under the condition of maintaining the original river bottom sludge pore structure basically unchanged; the pore structure retained during freeze-drying can act as a template, promoting the formation of a more developed pore structure during carbonization.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, it is preferable that, in the step (1), the particle size of the product (the river bottom sludge after grinding) obtained after grinding is not more than 80 mesh.
Wherein, the grinding can be carried out in an agate mortar or a clean quartz mortar so as to prevent new impurities from being mixed; removing macroscopic impurities such as ceramics, plastics and the like in the river bottom sludge before grinding after freeze drying; the grain size of the ground river bottom sludge is not more than 80 meshes, and the ground river bottom sludge is subpackaged in sealing bags; the sealed bag containing the ground river bottom sludge is then placed in a dry environment (e.g., a desiccator) for use.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, the preliminary carbonization treatment may be performed in a tube furnace.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, preferably, in step (1), the inert gas includes argon or nitrogen. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inert gas is nitrogen, since nitrogen is the easiest to purchase and the least expensive.
In the above-described method for preparing a porous carbon material, the temperature and time of the pre-carbonization are related to the composition of the river bottom sludge, and the pre-carbonization time and temperature of the river bottom sludge of different compositions are slightly different; preferably, in the step (1), the temperature of the pre-carbonization treatment is 300-400 ℃, and the time is 2-3 h.
In the above-described method for preparing a porous carbon material, before the pre-carbonization starts, nitrogen gas needs to be introduced into the tube furnace for a certain time (e.g., 30min), and then the pre-carbonization procedure is started; the purpose of introducing nitrogen for a certain time is as follows: oxygen is removed from the tube furnace to prevent combustion of the river bottom sludge during the pre-carbonization process.
In the above preparation method of the porous carbon material, in the step (1), neither the temperature increase rate in the pre-carbonization process nor the cooling rate after the pre-carbonization process is completed may be too fast, and when the temperature increase rate and/or the cooling rate are too fast and the temperature change is too rapid, river bottom sludge may be collapsed in a pore structure generated in the pre-carbonization process; therefore, the temperature increase rate during the pre-carbonization treatment and the cooling rate after the pre-carbonization treatment are preferably 3 to 5 ℃/min.
In the above preparation method of the porous carbon material, in the step (2), the river bottom sludge contains more sand, the main component of the sand is silicon dioxide, and hydrofluoric acid is an effective reagent for removing silicon dioxide; the silicon dioxide in the river bottom sludge can be regarded as a built-in template of the finally obtained carbon material; adding the product obtained after the pre-carbonization treatment into a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, mixing and stirring for a certain time, wherein the hydrofluoric acid can remove silicon dioxide in the river bottom sludge, and the process is a process for removing the built-in template in the material, and the process for removing the built-in template is an important step for the development of the pore structure of the obtained carbon material.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, it is preferable that in the step (2), the hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution has a mass fraction of 5 to 15% based on the total weight of the aqueous solution. In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution may have a mass fraction of, for example, 5%, 10%, 15%, or the like.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, preferably, in the step (2), the mixing and stirring are performed under heating conditions of a water bath having a temperature of 50 to 80 ℃.
In the above-described step (2) of the method for producing a porous carbon material, when hydrofluoric acid is used in a relatively low mass fraction, the mixing and stirring time can be suitably prolonged; when hydrofluoric acid with higher mass fraction is adopted, the mixing and stirring time can be properly shortened; in the step (2), the mixing and stirring time is 3-6 h. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mixing and stirring time may be, for example, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and the like.
As hydrofluoric acid is very easy to corrode glass, in the step (2), a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker is needed in the mixing process; when mixing and stirring, firstly, mixing a product obtained after the pre-carbonization treatment with a proper amount of distilled water to obtain a mixed solution, then, dripping a hydrofluoric acid water solution into the mixed solution, placing a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker containing the mixed solution on a heatable stirrer to carry out water bath heating, wherein the temperature value range of the water bath heating is 50-80 ℃; and in the mixing and stirring process, the product obtained after the pre-carbonization treatment can react with hydrofluoric acid to generate silicon tetrafluoride which is extremely unstable in a heated state and is easy to separate from the mixed liquid so as to realize removal.
In addition, hydrofluoric acid is very easy to corrode human bones, and no effective treatment means exists at present; the human body cannot inhale hydrofluoric acid and cannot directly contact the hydrofluoric acid, the operation step needs to be carried out in a fume cupboard, and the protection work needs to be done, such as wearing experimental clothes, wearing goggles, wearing double-layer latex gloves and the like.
In the above-described production method of the porous carbon material, in step (2), the operation steps at the time of washing are as follows: putting a proper amount of mixed solution obtained by stirring and mixing into a plastic centrifuge tube, adding sufficient distilled water, fully shaking and mixing, and centrifuging; removing the centrifuged supernatant, adding distilled water again, fully shaking and centrifuging again; this was repeated until the pH of the supernatant was about 7.
In the above method for preparing a porous carbon material, preferably, in the step (2), the drying temperature is 60 to 80 ℃ and the time is 24 to 36 hours. And (3) drying the solid product obtained after washing in the step (2) in a clean vacuum drying oven.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, it is preferable that in the step (3), the mass ratio of the product obtained after drying to potassium hydroxide is 1:1 to 1: 3.
In the above preparation method of the porous carbon material, in the step (3), the mixing and stirring time is 24-36h, so that the product obtained after drying is in more uniform mixing contact with potassium hydroxide.
In the above method for preparing a porous carbon material, preferably, in the step (3), the drying temperature is 60 to 80 ℃ and the time is 24 to 36 hours. In the specific embodiment of the present invention, before drying, a part of water in the mixed solution obtained in step (3) may be removed by heating in a water bath.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, preferably, in step (3), the particle size of the product obtained after grinding is not more than 80 mesh. Wherein, in the step (3), the grinding can prevent the caking of the dried product.
In the above preparation method of the porous carbon material, when the carbonization temperature exceeds 400 ℃, K in the potassium hydroxide may chemically react with carbon atoms in the product obtained after the pre-carbonization treatment, so that the pore structure in the original carbon material is eroded again, thereby obtaining a more developed pore structure and a larger comparative area. The invention adopts potassium hydroxide rather than other potassium salts, because the product generated by the chemical reaction between K and carbon can be removed in the subsequent diluted hydrochloric acid washing process, and the introduction of new impurity ions in the carbon material can be avoided.
In the above-described method for preparing a porous carbon material, it is preferable that the carbonization temperature in step (4) is 500-800 ℃ for 2-4 h.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the carbonization time may be, for example, 2h, 3h, 4h, or the like.
Wherein, when the carbonization temperature is higher, the carbonization time can be properly shortened; when the carbonization temperature is low, the carbonization time can be suitably prolonged.
In the above preparation method of the porous carbon material, in the step (4), both the temperature increase rate in the carbonization treatment process and the cooling rate after the carbonization treatment may not be too fast, and when the temperature increase rate and/or the cooling rate are too fast and the temperature change is too rapid, the river bottom sludge may collapse in the pore structure generated in the carbonization process; therefore, the temperature rise rate in the carbonization treatment process and the cooling rate after the carbonization treatment are 3-5 ℃/min.
The carbonization process can also be carried out in a tubular furnace, in the carbonization process, the combined water in the river bottom sludge can be gasified, and the gas can generate a new pore structure when breaking through the carbon layer structure. In addition, river bottom sludge contains abundant biomass, organic substances such as fat, protein and sugar in the biomass can generate various reactions such as condensation polymerization and cracking in the carbonization process, and generate gaseous substances such as carbon dioxide and methane, and when the gaseous substances break through the carbon layer structure, the further development of the pore structure of the carbon material can be greatly promoted.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, it is preferable that in the step (5), the mass fraction of hydrochloric acid is 3 to 10% based on the total weight of the diluted hydrochloric acid. In the embodiment of the present invention, the mass fraction of hydrochloric acid may be, for example, 3%, 5%, 8%, or the like.
In the above-described preparation method of the porous carbon material, in step (5), the soaking time may be 6 to 10 hours. In one embodiment of the present invention, the soaking time may be 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, and the like.
In the above-described production method of the porous carbon material, in step (5), the operation steps at the time of washing are as follows: putting a proper amount of the obtained mixed solution into a plastic centrifuge tube, adding sufficient distilled water, fully shaking and mixing, and then centrifuging; removing the centrifuged supernatant, adding distilled water again, fully shaking and centrifuging again; this was repeated until the pH of the supernatant was about 7.
In the step (5) of the preparation method of the porous carbon material, the solid product obtained after washing needs to be dried in a clean vacuum drying oven; preferably, the drying temperature can be 50-80 ℃ and the drying time can be 24-36 h.
In the above method for preparing a porous carbon material, preferably, in the step (2) and the step (3), the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃ and the time is 24-36 h;
in the step (5), the drying temperature is 50-80 ℃ and the drying time is 24-36 h.
In the above-described method for producing a porous carbon material, it is preferable that the content of organic matter in the river bottom sludge is not less than 20% by mass based on the total weight of the river bottom sludge.
On the other hand, the invention also provides the porous carbon material prepared by the preparation method of the porous carbon material.
Preferably, the specific surface area of the porous carbon material is in the range of 300-1000m2In the range of 2-11nm in pore size, where the frequency distribution is highest.
The preparation method of the porous carbon material provided by the invention is a preparation method of the porous carbon material by taking river bottom sludge as a precursor, the used river bottom sludge is common urban solid waste, the river bottom sludge contains rich biomass carbon resources, the source is wide, the price is low, the recovery and the resource recycling of the river bottom sludge are realized, the social and environmental benefits are high, and the preparation method has great significance for realizing green sustainable development; in addition, the river bottom sludge is doped with K, Al, N, Cu, Fe, Zn and other elements, so that the specific surface area and the pore size distribution of the carbon material are improved;
the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, easiness in operation, greenness, environmental protection and lower cost, has important social, economic and environmental benefits, and provides an effective way for obtaining the porous carbon material with excellent performance.
The porous carbon material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has large specific surface area and reasonable pore size distribution.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention will be made with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a porous carbon material, wherein the preparation method of the porous carbon material comprises the following steps:
(1) freezing river bottom sludge (the mass content of organic matters in the river bottom sludge is 35%) at-80 ℃ for 48 hours to completely freeze the river bottom sludge; then, the completely frozen river bottom sludge is subjected to vacuum freeze drying in a vacuum freeze drying instrument (conventional equipment in the field), wherein the temperature of the vacuum freeze drying is between 50 ℃ below zero and 75 ℃ below zero, and the time is 72 hours; grinding the product obtained after vacuum freeze drying in an agate mortar or a clean quartz mortar, wherein the grain size of the ground river bottom sludge is not more than 80 meshes;
then, pre-carbonizing the ground river bottom sludge for 3 hours at 300 ℃ in a tubular furnace under the protection of nitrogen; the heating rate in the pre-carbonization process and the cooling rate after the pre-carbonization process are both 3 ℃/min;
(2) adding a product obtained after the pre-carbonization treatment into a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution (the mass fraction is 5%), mixing and stirring for 5 hours, then filling a mixed solution obtained by stirring and mixing into a plastic centrifuge tube, adding sufficient distilled water, fully shaking and mixing, and then centrifuging; removing the centrifuged supernatant, adding distilled water again, fully shaking and centrifuging again; repeating the steps until the pH value of the supernatant is about 7, and drying the solid product obtained after washing at 60 ℃ for 32 hours;
(3) adding the dried product and potassium hydroxide into distilled water according to the mass ratio of 1:2, mixing and stirring for 36h, drying the obtained mixed solution at 60 ℃ for 32h, grinding the dried product, and enabling the particle size of the ground product to be not more than 80 meshes;
(4) carbonizing the product obtained after grinding at 700 ℃ for 3h under the protection of nitrogen; the heating rate in the carbonization treatment process and the cooling rate after the carbonization treatment are both 3 ℃/min;
(5) soaking the carbon material obtained after carbonization treatment in dilute hydrochloric acid (mass fraction is 5%) for a period of time (such as 6 hours), then putting the obtained mixed solution into a plastic centrifuge tube, adding sufficient distilled water, fully shaking and mixing, and then centrifuging; removing the centrifuged supernatant, adding distilled water again, fully shaking and centrifuging again; repeating the steps until the pH value of the supernatant is about 7, and drying the solid product obtained after washing at 60 ℃ for 32h to obtain the porous carbon material.
The specific surface area of the porous carbon material obtained in example 1 was 974m2g-1The pore size at the highest frequency distribution was 3.24 nm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a porous carbon material, wherein the preparation method of the porous carbon material comprises the following steps:
(1) freezing river bottom sludge (the mass content of organic matters in the river bottom sludge is 20%) at-80 ℃ for 48 hours to completely freeze the river bottom sludge; then, the completely frozen river bottom sludge is subjected to vacuum freeze drying in a vacuum freeze drying instrument (conventional equipment in the field), wherein the temperature of the vacuum freeze drying is between 50 ℃ below zero and 75 ℃ below zero, and the time is 72 hours; grinding the product obtained after vacuum freeze drying in an agate mortar or a clean quartz mortar, wherein the grain size of the ground river bottom sludge is not more than 80 meshes;
then, pre-carbonizing the ground river bottom sludge for 2 hours at 400 ℃ in a tubular furnace under the protection of nitrogen; the heating rate in the pre-carbonization process and the cooling rate after the pre-carbonization process are both 3 ℃/min;
(2) adding a product obtained after the pre-carbonization treatment into a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution (the mass fraction is 15%), mixing and stirring for 3 hours, then putting a mixed solution obtained by stirring and mixing into a plastic centrifuge tube, adding sufficient distilled water, fully shaking and mixing, and then centrifuging; removing the centrifuged supernatant, adding distilled water again, fully shaking and centrifuging again; repeating the steps until the pH value of the supernatant is about 7, and drying the solid product obtained after washing at 80 ℃ for 24 hours;
(3) adding the dried product and potassium hydroxide into distilled water according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mixing and stirring for 24 hours, drying the obtained mixed solution at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, grinding the dried product, and enabling the particle size of the ground product to be not more than 80 meshes;
(4) carbonizing the product obtained after grinding at 600 ℃ for 4h under the protection of nitrogen; the heating rate in the carbonization treatment process and the cooling rate after the carbonization treatment are both 3 ℃/min;
(5) soaking the carbon material obtained after carbonization treatment in dilute hydrochloric acid (mass fraction is 8%) for a period of time (such as 6 hours), then putting the obtained mixed solution into a plastic centrifuge tube, adding sufficient distilled water, fully shaking and mixing, and then centrifuging; removing the centrifuged supernatant, adding distilled water again, fully shaking and centrifuging again; repeating the steps until the pH value of the supernatant is about 7, and drying the solid product obtained after washing at 80 ℃ for 24h to obtain the porous carbon material.
The specific surface area of the porous carbon material obtained in example 2 was 618m2g-1The pore size at the highest frequency distribution was 4.17 nm.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, so that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents of the embodiments described herein. In addition, the technical features and the technical inventions of the present invention, the technical features and the technical inventions, and the technical inventions can be freely combined and used.
Claims (15)
1. A method for producing a porous carbon material, characterized by comprising:
(1) freeze-drying and grinding the river bottom sludge, and then carrying out pre-carbonization treatment on the ground river bottom sludge under the protection of inert gas;
(2) adding a product obtained after the pre-carbonization treatment into a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, mixing and stirring for a certain time, washing the obtained mixed solution by using distilled water, and drying a solid product obtained after washing;
(3) adding the dried product and potassium hydroxide into distilled water, mixing and stirring for a certain time, drying the obtained mixed solution, and grinding the dried product;
(4) carbonizing the product obtained after grinding under the protection of inert gas;
(5) and soaking the carbon material obtained after carbonization in dilute hydrochloric acid, washing the obtained mixed solution by using distilled water, and drying the solid product obtained after washing to obtain the porous carbon material.
2. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the freeze-drying of the river bottom sludge in the step (1) comprises:
freezing river bottom sludge at-30 ℃ to-90 ℃ for not less than 30h to completely freeze the river bottom sludge;
and then, carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the completely frozen river bottom sludge at the temperature of between 50 ℃ below zero and 75 ℃ below zero for 24 to 72 hours.
3. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1) and the step (3), the particle size of the product obtained by grinding is not larger than 80 mesh.
4. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas in the steps (1) and (4) comprises argon or nitrogen.
5. The method for preparing a porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the pre-carbonization treatment in step (1) is 300-400 ℃ for 2-3 h.
6. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to claim 1 or 5, wherein in the step (1), the temperature increase rate during the preliminary carbonization treatment and the cooling rate after the completion of the preliminary carbonization treatment are 3 to 5 ℃/min.
7. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass fraction of hydrofluoric acid is 5 to 15% based on the total weight of the aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution.
8. The method for producing a porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein the mixing and stirring in the step (2) are carried out under heating conditions of a water bath having a temperature of 50 to 80 ℃.
9. The method for preparing a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (2) and (3), the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃ and the drying time is 24-36 h;
in the step (5), the drying temperature is 50-80 ℃ and the drying time is 24-36 h.
10. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the mass ratio of the product obtained after the drying to the potassium hydroxide is 1:1 to 1: 3.
11. The method for preparing a porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbonization temperature in step (4) is 500-800 ℃ for 2-4 h.
12. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of hydrochloric acid in the step (5) is 3 to 10% based on the total weight of the diluted hydrochloric acid.
13. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the content of organic matter in the river bottom sludge is not less than 20% by mass based on the total weight of the river bottom sludge.
14. The porous carbon material produced by the method for producing a porous carbon material according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
15. The porous carbon material as claimed in claim 14, wherein the specific surface area of the porous carbon material is in the range of 300-1000m2In the range of 2-11nm in pore size, where the frequency distribution is highest.
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