CN110936611B - 3D printer based on microwave even heating - Google Patents
3D printer based on microwave even heating Download PDFInfo
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- CN110936611B CN110936611B CN201911161616.6A CN201911161616A CN110936611B CN 110936611 B CN110936611 B CN 110936611B CN 201911161616 A CN201911161616 A CN 201911161616A CN 110936611 B CN110936611 B CN 110936611B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 198
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 133
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printers, in particular to a 3D printer capable of uniformly heating by microwaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printers, in particular to a 3D printer based on microwave uniform heating.
Background
The 3D printing technology is a technology for manufacturing a solid body by using a material powder or plastic or other bondable materials in a layer-by-layer printing manner based on a digital model file. Compared with the traditional manufacturing method, the printing technology directly combines the computer graphic data with a printer to generate drawn parts without machining or micro-machining, so that a plurality of intermediate links of machining are omitted, the research and development period of products is greatly shortened, the production efficiency is improved, and the utilization efficiency of materials is greatly improved.
The current 3D printer adopts resistance wire heating to the heating mode of consumptive material, and this kind of heating rate is slower, and the heating is inhomogeneous to the security is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 3D printer based on microwave uniform heating, which adopts microwave heating to ensure that the heating is more uniform and the safety is higher.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a 3D printer based on microwave uniform heating, comprising:
a frame;
the upper beam plate is hung on the frame through an XYZ sliding table;
the printing nozzle is hung on the upper beam plate and used for spraying out the melted printing material;
the charging barrel is rotatably and detachably arranged on the upper beam plate and is used for winding printing materials;
the material guide pipe is arranged on the feeding plate and used for guiding the printing material wound on the material cylinder to the printing spray head, and at least the discharge hole of the material guide pipe is coaxially arranged with the printing spray head;
the driving structure is hung on the upper beam plate, is positioned between the material guide pipe and the material cylinder along the feeding path of the printing material and is used for driving the printing material on the material cylinder into the material guide pipe; and
the heating module is arranged between the material guide pipe and the printing nozzle and is used for heating the printing material from the material guide pipe to a molten state;
the method is characterized in that:
the adding module comprises:
the heating cylinder is coaxially arranged with the printing spray head and is positioned between the material guide pipe and the printing spray head and communicated with the material guide pipe and the printing spray head;
the heating pipe is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the heating cylinder;
the magnetron is arranged at the outer side of the heating pipe and used for generating microwaves, the microwave output end of the magnetron is communicated with the inner cavity of the heating pipe through a Y-shaped waveguide pipe, one end of the Y-shaped waveguide pipe is connected with the microwave output end, and the other two ends of the Y-shaped waveguide pipe are communicated with the heating pipe and are arranged at the two connecting positions up and down.
Preferably, the heating tube is rotatable relative to the heating tube, a collar is arranged between the material guiding tube and the heating tube, the lower end of the collar is fixedly connected with the heating tube, the lower end of the material guiding tube is inserted into the collar, and the collar is rotatable relative to the material guiding tube.
Preferably, the printer further comprises an inverted U-shaped support, one end of the support is fixed at the lower end of the material guide pipe, the printing nozzle is fixed at the other end of the support, the lower end of the heating cylinder is inserted into the printing nozzle, and a transmission mechanism for driving the lantern ring to rotate is arranged on the support.
Preferably, the driving structure comprises a driving motor and two rotatable traction wheels, the two traction wheels are oppositely arranged relative to the printing material and the printing material is clamped between the two traction wheels, the driving motor is connected with the traction wheels through a gear set, the gear set converts rotation of the driving motor into two opposite rotation directions and outputs the two opposite rotation directions to the two traction wheels respectively, the rotation axes of the two traction wheels are parallel to the rotation axis of the charging barrel, and the two traction wheels are located at the middle position of the charging barrel along the rotation axis direction.
Preferably, a fixed material pipe is arranged between the two traction wheels, the printing material passes through the fixed material pipe, a notch is arranged on the surface, opposite to the two traction wheels, of the fixed material pipe, the notch is communicated with the inside of the fixed material pipe, a part of the traction wheels can be inserted into the fixed material pipe through the notch and is in contact with the printing material in the fixed material pipe, the rotation axes of the two traction wheels are lower than the axis of the charging barrel, and the fixed material pipe and the charging barrel are not overlapped in the up-down direction and are positioned on one side of the discharging of the charging barrel as viewed along the rotation axis direction of the traction wheels.
Preferably, the axis of the upper end of the fixed material pipe is tangential to the part of the material cylinder around which the printing material is wound, and the axis of the lower end is collinear with the axis of the upper end of the material guiding pipe.
Preferably, the driving structure has two groups, the feed cylinder has two, each group driving structure corresponds a feed cylinder, the upper end of the fixed bolster of two groups driving structure is fixed on same rotary disk, the rotary disk rotationally hangs on the upper beam plate to be provided with the feed motor that is connected with the rotary disk transmission on the upper beam plate, two groups driving structure set up with the rotation axis symmetry of rotary disk relatively, and the feed motor makes the lower extreme of the fixed pipe of two groups driving structure alternately align with the upper end of passage.
Preferably, a gap is formed between the fixed material pipe and the material guiding pipe at the feeding station, a first detection sensor for detecting whether printing materials exist at the gap is arranged on the upper beam plate, an opening is formed in the material guiding pipe and located below the first detection sensor for a certain distance, a second detection sensor is further arranged on the upper beam plate, and the detection end of the second detection sensor faces the opening to detect whether printing materials exist at the opening position in the material guiding pipe.
Preferably, the printing device further comprises a material pulling mechanism, wherein the material pulling mechanism is arranged below the second detection sensor and used for driving the printing material in the material guide pipe.
The invention also discloses a printing method of the 3D printer, which comprises the following steps:
1) The power supply is turned on, the controller controls the magnetron to start, the heating cylinder rotates, and the heating pipe is preheated;
2) When the temperature in the heating pipe reaches the set temperature, the controller controls the printing spray head to start, controls one group of driving structures and the material pulling structures to feed at a preset first speed, and the XYZ sliding table moves according to a preset path;
the method is characterized in that:
in step 2, the controller detects the status of the printing material in real time through the first detection sensor and the second detection sensor, when the first detection sensor does not detect the printing material and the second detection sensor can detect the printing material, it is determined that the printing material on the current charging barrel is used up, the controller controls the charging motor to rotate, and after rotating in place, controls the other group of driving structures to start and feed at a second speed, and simultaneously controls the material pulling structure to feed at a third speed, the second speed is greater than the first speed, the third speed is less than the first speed, if the second detection sensor can detect the printing material at a preset time point, the controller controls the material pulling structure and the driving structure to feed at the first speed, and if the second detection sensor does not detect the printing material at the preset time point, the controller controls the material pulling structure to stop feeding until the second detection sensor detects the printing material, and then the material pulling structure and the driving structure feed at the first speed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention adopts microwave heating, has good controllability and uniform heating; meanwhile, the Y-shaped wave guide pipe is adopted, microwaves are led into different positions of the heating pipe in two ways, and meanwhile, the heating cylinder is rotatably arranged, so that the heating uniformity can be further improved, the melting of the printing material can be more uniform, and the printing quality is improved;
2) The driving mechanism and the charging barrel are provided with two groups, and the two groups of structures are alternately supplied, so that continuous printing can be ensured, and shutdown caused by material shortage is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 at B;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of FIG. 4 at C;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a partial perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of FIG. 8 at D;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a partial perspective view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to be limiting of the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the apparatus or elements being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so that the terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present patent, and that the specific meaning of the terms described above may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific circumstances.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, a 3D printer based on microwave uniform heating includes a frame (not shown), a printing nozzle 1 suspended on the frame by an XYZ sliding table 111, wherein a nozzle of the printing nozzle 1 is arranged downward, and a required structural model can be printed by controlling the XYZ sliding table 111 to drive the printing nozzle 1 and controlling the printing nozzle 1 to spray melted printing material. The ejection principle of the XYZ slide 111 and the printing head 1 is a prior art, and will not be described in detail here.
The printer further comprises a material guide pipe 4 which is rotated on the XYZ sliding table 111 through the upper beam plate 8, the printing spray head 1 is also hung on the upper beam plate 8, the material guide pipe 4 is at least collinear with the axis of the printing spray head 1 at the axis near one end of the printing spray head 1, and a heating module for heating printing consumables is arranged between the material guide pipe 4 and the printing spray head 1. The heating module comprises a heating cylinder 41 coaxially arranged with the printing spray head 1 and a heating pipe 3 sleeved outside the heating cylinder 41, wherein the heating pipe 3 is coaxially arranged with the heating cylinder 41, a gap is reserved between the heating pipe 3 and the heating cylinder 41, the upper end of the heating cylinder 41 is communicated with a material guiding pipe 4, and printing materials in the material guiding pipe 4 enter the printing spray head 1 after being heated in the heating cylinder 41. The heating module further comprises a magnetron 2 arranged at one side of the heating pipe 3, a microwave output end of the magnetron 2 is communicated with the inside of the heating pipe 3 through a wave guide pipe 211, the magnetron 2 is electrically connected with a controller, the controller controls the magnetron 2 to generate microwaves, the microwaves are guided into the heating pipe 3 through the wave guide pipe 211, and after reaching the inside of the heating pipe 3, printing materials in the heating pipe 3 are heated. Further, the heating cylinder 41 is made of a material that allows microwaves to pass therethrough, preferably a ceramic material. The dimensions of the heating cartridge 41 and the heating tube 3 can be set in practice. In actual use, the heater cartridge 41 does not need to be rotated quickly to ensure stability of the print head. A temperature sensor may be provided in the heating tube 3 to obtain the temperature in the heating tube, and the power of the magnetron may be adjusted as needed to adjust the temperature in the heating tube 3.
Further, the waveguide 211 has a Y-shape, one end of which is connected to the microwave output end of the magnetron 2, and the other two ends of which are communicated with the inside of the heating pipe 3 and are arranged up and down to achieve uniform heating. Further, the other two ends are 180 ° different in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe 3 to make the heating more uniform. Meanwhile, a metal layer can be coated on the inner surface of the heating pipe 3, and the propagation direction of microwaves can be changed through the reflection effect of the metal layer, and the effect of uniform microwave heating can be realized.
Further, a collar 411 is disposed between the material guiding tube 4 and the heating tube 41, the lower end of the collar 411 is fixedly connected with the heating tube 41, the lower end of the material guiding tube 4 is inserted into the collar 411, the collar 411 is rotatable relative to the material guiding tube 4, when the collar 411 rotates, the heating tube 41 can be driven to rotate, printing material entering the heating tube 41 can rotate along with the heating tube 41 after being melted to a certain extent, and even heating can be further realized.
In order to facilitate the fixing of the printing nozzle 1, the printer further comprises an inverted U-shaped bracket 413, one end of the bracket 413 is fixed at the lower end of the material guiding pipe 4, the printing nozzle 1 is fixed at the other end of the bracket 413, and the lower end of the heating cylinder 41 is inserted into the printing nozzle 1. Sealing fit is adopted at the connection position of the heating pipe 3 and the upper end and the lower end of the heating cylinder 41, at the connection position of the lantern ring 411 and the material guiding pipe 4 and at the connection position of the heating cylinder 41 and the printing spray head 1.
In order to drive the collar 411 to rotate, a toothed ring 412 is sleeved on the collar 411, a driving motor 5 is arranged on a bracket 413, the driving motor 5 is electrically connected with a controller, the controller is in transmission connection with the toothed ring 412, and the controller can control the rotation of the heating cylinder 41 by controlling the driving motor 5.
The printer further comprises a cartridge 916 for winding the printing material, the cartridge 916 is suspended on the upper plate 8 by a fixed support 911, the cartridge 916 is rotatable relative to the fixed support 911, the free end of the printing material on the cartridge 916 is inserted into the guide tube 4, and the printing head 1 can be continuously fed through the guide tube 4 by the rotation of the cartridge 916. The cartridge 916 can be removed from the mounting bracket 911 to facilitate replacement of the cartridge 916.
The printer also includes a drive structure for driving the printing material on the cartridge 916 in a direction toward the feed tube 4. The driving structure is located on the path of the printing material movement and comprises two traction wheels 12, wherein the two traction wheels 12 are oppositely arranged relative to the printing material and the printing material is clamped between the two traction wheels 12, and when the two traction wheels rotate along opposite directions, the printing material can be driven to move.
Specifically, at the lower end of the fixed bracket 911, there are provided traction brackets 917, two traction wheels 12 are rotatably provided on the traction brackets 917, and the rotation axis of the traction wheels 12 is parallel to the rotation axis of the cylinder 916, and along the rotation axis direction of the cylinder 916, the two traction wheels 12 are located between both ends of the cylinder 916, preferably, at an intermediate position of the cylinder 916 in the rotation axis direction.
A traction shaft 915 is arranged on the axis of each traction wheel 12, connecting lugs 918 are arranged at two ends of the traction shaft 915, the traction shaft 915 is rotatably arranged on the connecting lugs 918, the connecting lugs 918 close to one side of the traction bracket 917 are fixed on the traction bracket 917, a traction motor 10 is arranged on one side of the traction wheels 12, which is far away from the traction bracket 917, the traction motor 10 is in transmission connection with the two traction shafts 915 through a gear set 11, the gear set 11 is provided with two output ends, the two output ends are respectively in transmission connection with the two traction shafts 915, and the two traction shafts 915 can be reversely rotated through the gear set 11. The traction motor 10 is fixed to a fixed bracket 911 by a motor bracket 919.
Further, a fixed material pipe 913 is provided between the two traction wheels 12, the printing material passes through the fixed material pipe 913, and a notch 914 is provided on the surface of the fixed material pipe 913 opposite to the two traction wheels 12, the notch 914 is communicated with the inside of the fixed material pipe 913, a part of the traction wheels 12 can be inserted into the fixed material pipe 913 through the notch 914 and is contacted with the printing material in the fixed material pipe 913, the fixed material pipe 913 is made of metal material or hard plastic, and the printing material can be ensured to be always located between the two traction wheels 12 through the fixed material pipe 913. The rotation axis of the traction wheels 12 is lower than the axis of the cylinder 916, and the fixed pipe 913 is not overlapped with the cylinder 916 in the up-down direction and is positioned at the discharging side of the cylinder 916 when viewed along the rotation axis direction of the traction wheels 12.
The axis of the upper end of the fixed tube 913 is tangential to the portion of the cartridge 916 around which the printing material is wound, and the axis of the lower end is collinear with the axis of the upper end of the guide tube 4, so that friction between the printing material and the fixed tube 913 and the guide tube 4 can be reduced as much as possible.
Preferably, the driving structure has two groups, the feed cylinder 916 has two, the fixed support 911 has two, the upper end of the fixed support 911 of the two groups of driving structures is fixed on the same rotary disk 812, the rotary disk 812 is rotatably hung on the upper beam plate 8, and a feed motor 811 in transmission connection with the rotary disk 812 is arranged on the upper beam plate 8, the two groups of driving structures are symmetrically arranged relative to the rotation axis of the rotary disk 812, the lower ends of the feed pipes 913 of the two groups of driving structures are aligned with the upper ends of the feed pipes 4 by rotating the rotary disk 812 by 180 ° each time through the feed motor 811, when the printing material of one of the feed cylinders 916 is used up, the other group of driving structures and the feed cylinder 916 can be rotated to the working position by controlling the feed motor 811 to rotate 180 °, and the feed cylinder 916 of the printing material used up can be replaced while the other feed cylinder 916 is working, thus the number of times of stoppage in the printing process can be reduced, and even no stoppage can be made.
Further, in order to ensure smooth feeding, a material pulling structure 15 for pulling printing materials is arranged at the lower end of the material guiding pipe 4, the material pulling principle of the material pulling structure 15 is similar to that of the driving structure, two opposite traction wheels are adopted, a notch is arranged on the surface, opposite to the traction wheels, of the material guiding pipe 4, the notch is communicated with the inside of the material guiding pipe, a part of the traction wheels can extend into the notch and contact with the printing materials in the material guiding pipe 4, the traction wheels are controlled by a motor, and the two traction wheels rotate in opposite directions by the motor.
Further, during feeding, a gap is formed between the fixed material pipe 913 and the material guiding pipe 4 at the feeding station, and a first detection sensor 13 for detecting whether printing material exists at the gap is arranged on the upper beam plate 8. An opening (not shown) is arranged on the material guiding pipe 4 and below the first detecting sensor 13 at a distance, a second detecting sensor 14 is also arranged on the upper beam plate 8, and the detecting end of the second detecting sensor 14 faces to the opening to detect whether printing material exists in the material guiding pipe 4 at the position of the opening. When the first detection sensor 13 detects no printing material, it is determined that the printing material on the charging barrel 916 at the charging position is used up, at this time, the controller controls the charging motor 811 to rotate 180 ° and controls the material pulling structure 15 to reduce the material pulling speed, the XYZ sliding table 111 also reduces the moving speed, the ejection speed of the printing head 1, controls the new driving structure at the charging station to start charging, and the new driving structure at the charging station to catch up with the end of one printing material faster than the normal charging speed, and the specific speed and the time for adopting the speed can be calculated according to the distance between the first detection sensor 13 and the second detection sensor 14. And, according to the preset speed, it can be ensured that the head end of the new printing material can catch up with the head end of the previous printing material when reaching the position of the second detection sensor 14. If the second detection sensor 14 detects that no printing material is in the material guiding tube 4, it indicates that the head end of the next printing material is not caught up, and at this time, the material pulling structure 15, the XYZ sliding table 111 and the printing head 1 stop working until the second detection sensor 14 detects the printing material, and of course, according to preset data, the probability of catching up is small, and even if this occurs, the time for stopping working of the material pulling structure 15, the XYZ sliding table 111 and the printing head 1 is also short, so that the printing quality is not affected. Since the pulling speed of the pulling structure 15 is preset and the distance between the first detecting sensor 13 and the second detecting sensor 14 is also constant, the time when the end of the previous printing material reaches the second detecting sensor 14 from the first detecting sensor 13 can be calculated, and if the second detecting sensor 14 can detect the printing material at the time point, the head end of the next printing material is indicated to catch up with the end of the previous printing material. Of course, in order to ensure the accuracy of the detection by the second detection sensor 14, the time point of judgment may be slightly longer than the calculated time. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the feeding speed of the next printing material is too high and the next printing material is pushed, the cross section of the pipe hole of the material guiding pipe 4 can be at least set to accommodate two printing materials at the same time, so that when the front end of the next printing material catches up with the front printing material, the two printing materials can be staggered.
It should be understood that the above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, equivalents, variations, and the like can be made to the present invention. However, such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In addition, some terms used in the specification and claims of the present application are not limiting, but are merely for convenience of description.
Claims (10)
1. A 3D printer based on microwave uniform heating, comprising:
a frame;
the upper beam plate is hung on the frame through an XYZ sliding table;
the printing nozzle is hung on the upper beam plate and used for spraying out the melted printing material;
the charging barrel is rotatably and detachably arranged on the upper beam plate and is used for winding printing materials;
the material guide pipe is arranged on the upper beam plate and used for guiding the printing material wound on the material cylinder to the printing spray head, and at least the discharge hole of the material guide pipe is coaxially arranged with the printing spray head;
the driving structure is hung on the upper beam plate, is positioned between the material guide pipe and the material cylinder along the feeding path of the printing material and is used for driving the printing material on the material cylinder into the material guide pipe; and
the heating module is arranged between the material guide pipe and the printing nozzle and is used for heating the printing material from the material guide pipe to a molten state;
the method is characterized in that:
the heating module includes:
the heating cylinder is coaxially arranged with the printing spray head and is positioned between the material guide pipe and the printing spray head and communicated with the material guide pipe and the printing spray head;
the heating pipe is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the heating cylinder;
the magnetron is arranged at the outer side of the heating pipe and used for generating microwaves, the microwave output end of the magnetron is communicated with the inner cavity of the heating pipe through a Y-shaped waveguide pipe, one end of the Y-shaped waveguide pipe is connected with the microwave output end, and the other two ends of the Y-shaped waveguide pipe are communicated with the heating pipe and are arranged at the two connecting positions up and down.
2. The 3D printer based on uniform microwave heating according to claim 1, wherein the heating tube is rotatable relative to the heating tube, a collar is provided between the material guiding tube and the heating tube, the lower end of the collar is fixedly connected with the heating tube, the lower end of the material guiding tube is inserted into the collar, and the collar is rotatable relative to the material guiding tube.
3. The 3D printer based on uniform microwave heating according to claim 2, further comprising an inverted U-shaped support, wherein one end of the support is fixed at the lower end of the material guiding pipe, the printing nozzle is fixed at the other end of the support, the lower end of the heating cylinder is inserted into the printing nozzle, and a transmission mechanism for driving the lantern ring to rotate is arranged on the support.
4. The 3D printer according to claim 1, wherein the driving structure comprises a driving motor and two rotatable traction wheels, the two traction wheels are arranged opposite to the printing material and the printing material is clamped between the two traction wheels, the driving motor is connected with the traction wheels through a gear set, the gear set converts rotation of the driving motor into two opposite rotation directions and outputs the two opposite rotation directions to the two traction wheels respectively, the rotation axes of the two traction wheels are parallel to the rotation axis of the charging barrel, and the two traction wheels are positioned at the middle position of the charging barrel along the rotation axis direction.
5. The 3D printer based on uniform microwave heating according to claim 4, wherein a fixed material pipe is arranged between two traction wheels, the printing material passes through the fixed material pipe, a notch is arranged on the surface of the fixed material pipe opposite to the two traction wheels, the notch is communicated with the inside of the fixed material pipe, a part of the traction wheels can be inserted into the fixed material pipe through the notch and is contacted with the printing material in the fixed material pipe, the rotation axis of the two traction wheels is lower than the axis of the material cylinder, and the fixed material pipe and the material cylinder are not overlapped in the up-down direction and are positioned on one side of the material cylinder discharging.
6. The microwave-based uniform heating 3D printer of claim 5, wherein the axis of the upper end of the stationary tube is tangential to the portion of the cartridge around which the printing material is wound, and the axis of the lower end is collinear with the axis of the upper end of the guide tube.
7. The microwave-based uniform-heating 3D printer according to claim 5, wherein the driving structures have two groups, the number of the charging barrels is two, each group of driving structures corresponds to one charging barrel, the upper ends of the fixing supports of the two groups of driving structures are fixed on the same rotating disc, the rotating disc is rotatably hung on the upper beam plate, a charging motor in transmission connection with the rotating disc is arranged on the upper material plate, the two groups of driving structures are symmetrically arranged relative to the rotation axis of the rotating disc, and the lower ends of the fixing pipes of the two groups of driving structures are alternately aligned with the upper ends of the material guiding pipes by the charging motor.
8. The 3D printer based on uniform microwave heating according to claim 7, wherein a gap is formed between the fixed material pipe and the material guiding pipe at the feeding station, a first detection sensor for detecting whether printing material exists at the gap is arranged on the upper beam plate, an opening is formed in the material guiding pipe and below the first detection sensor at a distance, a second detection sensor is further arranged on the upper beam plate, and the detection end of the second detection sensor faces the opening to detect whether printing material exists in the material guiding pipe at the position of the opening.
9. The 3D printer of claim 8, further comprising a material pulling mechanism disposed below the second detection sensor for driving the printing material in the feed pipe.
10. A printing method of a 3D printer, the 3D printer adopting the 3D printer of claim 9, the printing method specifically comprising the steps of:
1) The power supply is turned on, the controller controls the magnetron to start, the heating cylinder rotates, and the heating pipe is preheated;
2) When the temperature in the heating pipe reaches the set temperature, the controller controls the printing spray head to start, controls one group of driving structures and the material pulling structures to feed at a preset first speed, and the XYZ sliding table moves according to a preset path;
the method is characterized in that:
in step 2, the controller detects the status of the printing material in real time through the first detection sensor and the second detection sensor, when the first detection sensor does not detect the printing material and the second detection sensor can detect the printing material, it is determined that the printing material on the current charging barrel is used up, the controller controls the charging motor to rotate, and after rotating in place, controls the other group of driving structures to start and feed at a second speed, and simultaneously controls the material pulling structure to feed at a third speed, the second speed is greater than the first speed, the third speed is less than the first speed, if the second detection sensor can detect the printing material at a preset time point, the controller controls the material pulling structure and the driving structure to feed at the first speed, and if the second detection sensor does not detect the printing material at the preset time point, the controller controls the material pulling structure to stop feeding until the second detection sensor detects the printing material, and then the material pulling structure and the driving structure feed at the first speed.
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