CN110932600B - Thermal driving iontophoresis battery based on solar energy and power generation method - Google Patents
Thermal driving iontophoresis battery based on solar energy and power generation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110932600B CN110932600B CN201911270186.1A CN201911270186A CN110932600B CN 110932600 B CN110932600 B CN 110932600B CN 201911270186 A CN201911270186 A CN 201911270186A CN 110932600 B CN110932600 B CN 110932600B
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Abstract
The heat-driven iontophoresis battery is characterized in that a surface photo-thermal material, a heat exchange enhancement material and a first electrode are arranged in a first temperature chamber, the upper wall surface of the first temperature chamber can be completely transparent, a second temperature chamber is connected with the first temperature chamber through a cationic nano-film, the second temperature chamber is provided with a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode are immersed in an inorganic transparent electrolyte solution, an external circuit is connected with the first electrode and the second electrode, and the first temperature of the first temperature chamber is higher than the second temperature of the second temperature chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ion batteries, in particular to a thermal driving iontophoresis battery based on solar energy and a discharging method.
Background
With the shortage of traditional energy resources and the increasing problem of environmental pollution, the demand for clean energy is increasing, and new energy battery technology is receiving wide attention. The battery is a device capable of driving ion and electron directional transport by utilizing other energy sources so as to convert the ions and the electrons into electric energy. Among them, solar energy is a renewable clean energy and has a huge energy, and the development of solar energy utilization and solar energy material-related technologies draws attention worldwide. The method for converting solar energy into electric energy is one of the methods for effectively solving the energy crisis.
Solar cells are divided into two types, namely, the photovoltaic cells based on the solid semiconductor photovoltaic effect are researched for years and have been commercially applied, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, and the environment is easily polluted; the other is light-heat-electricity conversion, water is converted into steam through heat energy generated by solar radiation, the steam enters a steam turbine to do mechanical work to generate electricity, the cost is high, the efficiency is extremely low, and the commercial application is difficult.
To improve the light-heat-electricity conversion efficiency and to make full use of solar energy, many different embodiments exist. If a frequency divider is adopted, the sunlight is absorbed and converted in different bands. However, the above embodiment has the problems of complex system, low energy conversion efficiency and the like, the frequency divider is required to distinguish and utilize short and long wavelength light energy, the photo-thermal module and the thermoelectric module are separated, an intermediate transmission medium (such as heat conduction oil) is required, the intermediate transmission distance is long, the energy loss is inevitably caused, and the improvement of the power generation efficiency is limited.
The above information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the above drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a thermally driven iontophoresis cell and a power generation method based on solar energy, which integrate light, heat and electricity. The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell includes,
the first temperature chamber is internally provided with a surface photothermal material, a heat exchange enhancement material and a first electrode, the upper wall surface of the first temperature chamber can be completely transparent,
a second temperature chamber connected to the first temperature chamber via a cation-permeable nano-film, the second temperature chamber being provided with a second electrode,
a first electrode and a second electrode both immersed in an inorganic transparent electrolyte solution in the first temperature chamber and the second temperature chamber, respectively,
an external circuit connecting the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein,
the first temperature of the first temperature chamber is higher than the second temperature of the second temperature chamber.
In the solar-based thermally driven iontophoresis cell, the nano-film is a cation selective exchange membrane such as a commercial nafion membrane, and has an ion channel with a negatively charged surface layer.
In the solar-energy-based thermally-driven iontophoresis cell, the surface photo-thermal material comprises a fiber film made of a carbon-based photo-thermal conversion material such as a porous carbon nanotube, and the surface area of the light receiving surface of the fiber film is equal to the cross-sectional area of the first temperature chamber in the vertical direction.
In the solar-energy-based thermally-driven iontophoresis cell, the heat exchange enhancement material is a porous metal material such as but not limited to copper foam, the upper surface of the heat exchange enhancement material is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the surface photo-thermal material and is used for enhancing the heat exchange effect between the surface photo-thermal material and a solution, and the cross section area in the vertical direction is consistent with that of the surface photo-thermal material.
In the solar-based thermally driven iontophoresis cell, the position of the heat exchange enhancement material includes but is not limited to floating in the solution, and can also float on the liquid surface or sink to the bottom of the solution according to requirements, and the spatial geometrical position of the cell is mainly determined by the density and the porosity of the porous material.
In the solar-energy-based thermally-driven iontophoresis cell, the heat conductivity coefficient and the heat exchange area of the heat exchange enhancing material determine the strength of heat exchange enhancement, and on the premise that the space geometric condition and the heat exchange material are certain, the heat exchange area of the porous material is increased as much as possible, namely the porosity of the porous material is increased.
In the solar-based thermally driven iontophoresis cell, the upper wall surface of the first temperature chamber is made of a completely light-transmitting material such as quartz glass.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for generating power of a solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell, comprising the steps of,
the first step, sunlight irradiates the carbon-based photo-thermal material in the first temperature chamber through the upper wall of the first temperature chamber to generate molecular thermal vibration, the carbon-based photo-thermal material absorbs light energy and converts the light energy into heat energy,
the second step, the heat energy generated by the photo-thermal material is transferred to the solution in the first temperature chamber through natural convection, and simultaneously transferred to the reinforced heat exchange material below the photo-thermal material through heat conduction so as to increase the convection heat exchange area, and the temperature of the solution in the first temperature chamber is rapidly raised under the action of two thermal processes,
and step three, the difference between the temperature of the first temperature chamber and the temperature of the second temperature chamber causes ions in the solution in the chamber to generate electrochemical potential energy difference, so that cations in the second temperature chamber enter the first temperature chamber through the nano film, and ion current is generated under the action of the nano channel in the film to finish power generation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the solar energy battery is based on the selective ion channel of the electroosmotic membrane, realizes the unidirectional ion transport under the temperature driving, is a thermoelectric generation battery, effectively integrates a photo-thermal-thermoelectric module by adding a surface photo-thermal material and a reinforced heat exchange material, is beneficial to simplifying a solar energy utilization system and improving the solar energy utilization efficiency.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly apparent, and to make the implementation of the content of the description possible for those skilled in the art, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious, the following description is given by way of example of the specific embodiments of the present invention.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. Also, like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photothermal drive ion cell based on a surface photothermal material according to one embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1-a first electrode; 2-a first electrode sealing material; 3-heat exchange enhancement material; 4-surface photothermal material; 5-a first temperature chamber; 6-an external circuit; 7-a nano-film; 8-a second temperature chamber; 9-a second electrode; 10-a second electrode sealing material;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of ion channels in a nanofilm of a solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell according to one embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, the distribution of the anions and the cations is an indication of the ion movement state which is dominated by the cations when the two chambers have no concentration gradient and no temperature gradient;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first electrode and a second electrode sealing material of a solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a discharge method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 4. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various names may be used to refer to a component. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be made by taking specific embodiments as examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the drawings are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
For a better understanding, as shown in fig. 1, a solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell includes,
a first temperature chamber 5, wherein a surface photo-thermal material 4, a heat exchange enhancement material 3 and a first electrode 1 are arranged in the first temperature chamber, the upper wall surface of the first temperature chamber 5 can be completely transparent,
a second temperature chamber 8 connected to the first temperature chamber 5 via a cation-permeable nano-film 7, the second temperature chamber 8 being provided with a second electrode 9,
a first electrode 1 and a second electrode 9, both immersed in an inorganic transparent electrolyte solution,
an external circuit 6 connecting the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 9, wherein,
the first temperature of the first temperature chamber 5 is higher than the second temperature of the second temperature chamber 8.
For better understanding, as shown in fig. 1, a solar-based thermally driven iontophoresis cell includes a first temperature chamber 5 such as a high temperature chamber and a first electrode 1 such as a high temperature electrode therein, a second temperature chamber 8 such as a low temperature chamber and a second electrode 9 such as a low temperature electrode therein, a nano-film 7 disposed between the high temperature and low temperature chambers, and an external circuit 6 communicating the two chamber electrodes. The low-temperature chamber is filled with an inorganic transparent electrolyte solution, and the high-temperature chamber is filled with an inorganic transparent electrolyte solution containing a surface photothermal material and a heat transfer enhancement material.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the nano-film 7 has nano-ion channels 11 with negative charges on the surface, and is a cation selective exchange membrane.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the sealing material 2, 10 is a waterproof and corrosion-resistant rubber plug with a transparent through hole, and the sealing material passes through and is fixed on the chamber wall 13, wherein the lead 12 passes through the rubber plug to connect with the electrode, and the lead 12 and the rubber plug 2, 10 are in interference fit.
In one embodiment, the solution in the high temperature chamber is made of a thin film made of a carbon-based material as a surface photo-thermal material, which has a light receiving surface area equal to the vertical cross-sectional area of the first chamber, and the upper wall surface of the chamber is made of a highly light-transmitting material such as quartz glass.
In a preferred embodiment of the solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell, the nano-ion channel comprises a negatively charged surface layer. According to the principle of an electric double layer, ion migration under the driving of temperature difference is realized through a selective cation channel formed by nano apertures in the porous semiconductor film. The photo-thermal-thermoelectric module is integrated by adding the surface photo-thermal material into the electrolyte solution in the high-temperature cavity, so that the solar energy utilization system is simplified.
In the preferred embodiment of the solar-based thermally driven iontophoresis cell, the position of the heat exchange enhancement material includes, but is not limited to, floating in the solution, floating on the liquid surface or sinking to the bottom of the solution according to the requirement, and the spatial geometrical position is mainly determined by the density and the porosity of the porous material.
In the solar-energy-based thermally-driven iontophoresis cell, the heat conductivity coefficient and the heat exchange area of the heat exchange enhancing material determine the strength of heat exchange enhancement, and on the premise that the space geometric condition and the heat exchange material are certain, the heat exchange area of the porous material is increased as much as possible, namely the porosity of the porous material is increased.
In the preferred embodiment of the solar-based thermally driven iontophoresis cell, the heat-transfer enhancement material and the surface photo-thermal material are connected by the heat-conducting glue with the thickness of only 0.1mm, and the thermal resistance is negligible.
In the preferred embodiment of the solar-based thermally-driven iontophoresis battery, the inorganic transparent electrolyte solution is a KCl solution, the KCl is a strong electrolyte, and under the same temperature difference, the change of the electrochemical potential value is larger, so that more chemical energy can be converted into electric energy.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, one of the selective ion channels of the solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell is a circular hole channel 11, as shown in fig. 2. The circular holes on the semiconductor film form negatively charged surface layers, when the pore diameter is reduced to a certain degree (namely 2-30nm), the electric double layers of the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer are superposed, and according to coulomb's law, only ions with opposite charges, namely cations, are passed through the holes, and in practical cases, most of the cations are passed through the holes.
As shown in fig. 4, one of the power generation methods of the solar-based thermally driven iontophoresis cell includes the steps of,
a first step S1 of irradiating the surface photo-thermal material 4 therein with solar light through the first temperature chamber 5 to generate molecular thermal vibration, the surface photo-thermal material 4 absorbing light energy and converting it into heat energy,
in the second step S2, the heat generated by the photo-thermal material 4 is transferred to the solution in the first temperature chamber by natural convection, and simultaneously transferred to the heat transfer enhancing material 3 thereunder by heat conduction to increase the convection heat transfer area, thereby rapidly increasing the temperature of the solution in the first temperature chamber 5 under the simultaneous action of two heat transfer processes,
in a third step S3, the difference between the temperatures of the first temperature chamber 5 and the second temperature chamber 8 causes the ions in the solution in the chambers to generate electrochemical potential difference, so that the cations in the second temperature chamber 8 enter the first temperature chamber 5 through the nano-film 7, and generate ion current under the action of the nano-channel 11 in the film, thereby completing power generation.
Industrial applicability
The solar-energy-based thermally-driven iontophoresis battery and the power generation method can be manufactured and used in the field of ion batteries, and the generated current and voltage can be further amplified through simple series-parallel connection of multiple batteries.
The foregoing describes the general principles of the present application in conjunction with specific embodiments, however, it is noted that the advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are merely examples and are not limiting, and they should not be considered essential to the various embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, the foregoing disclosure of specific details is for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be limiting, since the foregoing disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise details disclosed.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit embodiments of the application to the form disclosed herein. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions and sub-combinations thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell, comprising,
the first temperature chamber is internally provided with a surface photothermal material, a heat exchange enhancement material and a first electrode, the upper wall surface of the first temperature chamber can be completely transparent,
a second temperature chamber connected to the first temperature chamber via a cation-permeable nano-film, the second temperature chamber being provided with a second electrode,
a first electrode and a second electrode immersed in the inorganic transparent electrolyte solution in the first temperature chamber and the second temperature chamber, respectively,
an external circuit connecting the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein,
the first temperature of the first temperature chamber is higher than the second temperature of the second temperature chamber.
2. The solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell of claim 1, wherein the nano-film is a cation selective exchange membrane having superficial negatively charged ion channels.
3. The solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell of claim 1, wherein the surface photo-thermal material comprises a carbon-based photo-thermal conversion material having a light-receiving surface area equal to the vertical cross-sectional area of the first temperature chamber.
4. The solar-based thermally driven iontophoresis cell of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange enhancement material is a porous metal material, the upper surface of the porous metal material is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the surface photo-thermal material, and the cross-sectional area in the vertical direction is consistent with that of the surface photo-thermal material.
5. The solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell of claim 1, wherein the position of the heat exchange enhancing material floats in the solution, floats on the liquid surface or sinks at the bottom of the solution, and the spatial geometry position is determined by the density and the porosity of the porous material.
6. The solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell of claim 1, wherein the first temperature chamber upper wall is made of a material that is completely transparent to light.
7. A method of generating power from a solar-based thermally driven iontophoretic cell of any one of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of,
the first step, sunlight irradiates the carbon-based photo-thermal material in the first temperature chamber through the upper wall of the first temperature chamber to generate molecular thermal vibration, the carbon-based photo-thermal material absorbs light energy and converts the light energy into heat energy,
the second step, the heat energy generated by the photo-thermal material is transferred to the solution in the first temperature chamber through natural convection, and simultaneously transferred to the reinforced heat exchange material below the photo-thermal material through heat conduction so as to increase the convection heat exchange area, and the temperature of the solution in the first temperature chamber is rapidly raised under the action of two heat exchange processes,
and step three, the difference between the temperature of the first temperature chamber and the temperature of the second temperature chamber causes ions in the solution in the chamber to generate electrochemical potential energy difference, so that cations in the second temperature chamber enter the first temperature chamber through the nano film, and ion current is generated under the action of the nano channel in the film to finish power generation.
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| CN112551624B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2023-05-05 | 西安交通大学 | Solar photo-thermal driven seawater desalination and iontophoresis power generation system and method |
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