CN110932278A - Simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into power grid of high-speed rail electric locomotive - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into a power grid of a high-speed rail electric locomotive, which comprises the following steps: step 1: building a simulation circuit for injecting power grid harmonic waves into the high-speed rail electric locomotive in the PSCAD; step 2: an ideal voltage source is used for equivalently replacing a power grid in the simulation circuit; and step 3: equivalently replacing a traction inverter and a traction motor in the simulation circuit by equivalent resistance; and 4, step 4: operating a simulation circuit, and analyzing the harmonic waves on the power grid side through fast Fourier analysis (FFT); and 5: and obtaining the relation between the harmonic content and the harmonic frequency and the relation between the harmonic content and the carrier ratio. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of sufficient harmonic data, definite simulation result rule and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric railway power quality research, in particular to a simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into a power grid of a high-speed rail electric locomotive.
Background
The large-scale application of the electrified railways, particularly the popularization of harmonic-number (CRH-type) high-speed rails, injects a large amount of non-negligible harmonic waves into a power grid, analyzes the number of the harmonic waves generated by the high-speed rail traction converter when the high-speed rail traction converter is connected into the power grid, can be used for evaluating the influence of the high-speed rail traction converter on the power quality of a power system before the electrified railways are connected into a power supply system, and guides the planning and design of.
The traction converters of electric locomotives of different models have different principles and different control strategies, so that harmonic characteristics generated by alternating current on the power grid side are different. At the present stage, a simulation method for constructing a CRH2 type and CRH5 type locomotive traction converter model by using MATLAB/Simulink cannot analyze harmonic waves generated when a CRH3 type high-speed rail traction converter is connected to a power grid, and data such as harmonic content, frequency and the like of the CRH3 type high-speed rail injected into the power grid are insufficient and the rule is unclear.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into a power grid of a high-speed rail electric locomotive, which has sufficient harmonic wave data and a clear simulation result rule.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a simulation method for injecting power grid harmonic waves into a high-speed rail electric locomotive comprises the following steps:
step 1: building a simulation circuit for injecting power grid harmonic waves into the high-speed rail electric locomotive in the PSCAD;
step 2: an ideal voltage source is used for equivalently replacing a power grid in the simulation circuit;
and step 3: equivalently replacing a traction inverter and a traction motor in the simulation circuit by equivalent resistance;
and 4, step 4: operating a simulation circuit, and analyzing the harmonic waves on the power grid side through fast Fourier analysis (FFT);
and 5: and obtaining the relation between the harmonic content and the harmonic frequency and the relation between the harmonic content and the carrier ratio.
Preferably, the simulation circuit in step 1 comprises an ideal voltage source, a transformer, a rectifier, a frequency-doubling resonant sub-circuit, a voltage-stabilizing sub-circuit and an equivalent resistor; the primary side of the transformer is connected with an ideal voltage source, and the secondary side of the transformer is connected with the alternating current side of the rectifier; and the frequency doubling harmonic oscillator circuit, the voltage stabilizing sub-circuit and the equivalent resistor are respectively connected with the direct current side of the rectifier in parallel.
More preferably, the rectifier is two four-quadrant pulse rectifiers connected in parallel.
More preferably, the transformer is a three-winding transformer; the primary winding of the three-winding transformer is connected with an ideal voltage source, and two windings of the secondary winding are respectively connected with the two rectifiers.
More preferably, the double-frequency harmonic oscillator circuit comprises a resonance capacitor and a resonance inductor; the resonance capacitor and the resonance inductor are connected in series.
More preferably, the voltage regulation sub-circuit comprises a voltage regulation capacitor.
More preferably, the rectifier employs a transient current control strategy.
Preferably, the harmonics include lower harmonics and higher harmonics.
Preferably, the step 5 specifically comprises:
step 5-1: analyzing voltage harmonic components on the power grid side by adopting Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and calculating the harmonic content of the power grid side at a rated carrier ratio to obtain the relation between the harmonic content and the harmonic times;
step 5-2: the carrier ratio is changed by adjusting the switching frequency of the IGBT in the rectifier, the voltage harmonic component on the power grid side is analyzed by adopting FFT, then the power grid side high-order harmonic content under the carrier ratio is calculated, and finally the relation between the carrier ratio and the harmonic content is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a simulation method for injecting power grid harmonic waves into a CRH3 type high-speed rail electric locomotive, which takes PSCAD/EMTDC as a modeling environment, reasonably simplifies an inversion part and an asynchronous motor part according to actual element parameters of a CRH3 type high-speed rail, builds a CRH3 type high-speed rail traction converter circuit and a control model, analyzes the content rate of each harmonic wave of the voltage at the side of the power grid by using an FFT module, induces and verifies the influence of the CRH3 type high-speed rail on the power grid harmonic waves, solves the problems of insufficient data and uncertain law of the current CRH3 type high-speed rail harmonic waves, can be used for evaluating the influence of the harmonic waves on the power quality of the power system before an electrified railway is accessed into a power supply system, and guides the planning and designing of the power grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rectifier circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control flow diagram of the transient current control strategy employed by the rectifier of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a main circuit simulated in the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the switching frequency f of the present inventionsA graph of simulation results of harmonic content at 1250 Hz;
FIG. 6 shows the switching frequency f of the present inventionsA simulation result graph of harmonic content at 1000 Hz;
FIG. 7 shows the switching frequency f of the present inventionsThe simulation result of harmonic content at 2000 Hz.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The invention relates to a simulation method for injecting power grid harmonic waves into a high-speed rail electric locomotive, which has a flow shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1: building a simulation circuit of harmonic waves of a high-speed rail electric locomotive injection power grid in PSCAD/EMTDC;
step 2: an ideal voltage source is used for equivalently replacing a power grid in the simulation circuit;
and step 3: equivalently replacing a traction inverter and a traction motor in the simulation circuit by equivalent resistance;
and 4, step 4: operating a simulation circuit, and analyzing the harmonic waves on the power grid side through fast Fourier analysis (FFT);
and 5: and obtaining the relation between the harmonic content and the harmonic frequency and the relation between the harmonic content and the carrier ratio.
The simulation circuit in the step 1 comprises a power grid, a transformer, a rectifier, a frequency doubling harmonic oscillator circuit, a voltage stabilizing sub-circuit, a traction inverter and a traction motor; the power grid is equivalent to an ideal voltage source; the traction inverter and the traction motor are equivalent to an equivalent resistor; the primary side of the transformer is connected with an ideal voltage source, and the secondary side of the transformer is connected with the alternating current side of the rectifier; and the frequency doubling harmonic oscillator circuit, the voltage stabilizing sub-circuit and the equivalent resistor are respectively connected with the direct current side of the rectifier in parallel.
The rectifier is two four-quadrant pulse rectifiers connected in parallel.
The transformer is a three-winding transformer; the primary winding of the three-winding transformer is connected with an ideal voltage source, and two windings of the secondary winding are respectively connected with the two rectifiers.
The double-frequency harmonic oscillator circuit comprises a resonance capacitor and a resonance inductor; the resonance capacitor and the resonance inductor are connected in series.
The voltage stabilizing subcircuit comprises a voltage stabilizing capacitor.
The rectifier adopts a transient current control strategy.
The harmonics include low harmonics and higher harmonics.
The step 5 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 5-1: analyzing voltage harmonic components on the power grid side by adopting Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and calculating the harmonic content of the power grid side at a rated carrier ratio to obtain the relation between the harmonic content and the harmonic times;
step 5-2: the carrier ratio is changed by adjusting the switching frequency of the IGBT in the rectifier, the voltage harmonic component on the power grid side is analyzed by adopting FFT, then the power grid side high-order harmonic content under the carrier ratio is calculated, and the relation between the carrier ratio and the harmonic content is obtained.
The embodiment of the simulation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
a power grid model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC, an ideal voltage source is used for equivalently replacing the voltage of the power grid, two groups of transformers with three windings connected in parallel are led out, and the parameters of the transformers are set as follows: capacity 5665 MVA; the primary voltage was 25kV, and the secondary voltage was 1.55 kV.
A rectifier circuit as shown in fig. 2 was built, comprising two sets of four-quadrant pulse rectifier circuits connected in parallel. Two groups of four-quadrant pulse rectifying circuit branches connected in parallelRespectively connected with a three-winding transformer. Resistor R folded into secondary side of transformerSAnd an inductance LSResistance RS0.068 Ω, inductance LS＝2.3mH。
The four-quadrant pulse rectifier is used for converting alternating current into direct current, can operate in four quadrants, and can rectify the alternating current into direct current voltage, wherein the power flows from the alternating current side to the direct current side; the dc voltage may be inverted to an ac voltage, and power may flow from the dc side to the ac side. The phase of the alternating-current side voltage of the four-quadrant pulse rectifier is approximately equal to the phase of the power grid voltage, when the electric locomotive is connected with the power grid, the damage to the power grid is small, and the distortion of the power grid side voltage is weak. Each IGBT transistor in the four-quadrant pulse rectification circuit is connected with a reverse diode in parallel.
And building a direct-current side double-frequency resonance circuit connected with the four-quadrant pulse rectifier. The power loss of the four-quadrant pulse rectifying circuit is extremely small, so that the direct-current side current can be calculated by approximately considering that the alternating-current side power and the direct-current side power of a rectifying part are equal.
The power input from the ac side to the dc side of the rectifier is:
the above equation shows that the input power consists of two parts, one part being a constant value related to the input voltage and input current, and the other part being an alternating component varying at twice the grid frequency.
The rectifier output voltage being a constant DC voltage UdThe power conservation can obtain the voltage output by the rectifying circuit as follows:
it can be seen that if passing through the rectifier circuit only, the output dc side current will contain two components, except for a constant value U that ideally does not vary with timeNIN/UdIn addition, there is a time-varying double frequency component UNINcos2ωt/Ud. This deviates from the ideal constant current output, and in order to eliminate the double frequency component, the simplest method is to add a resonant branch consisting of an inductor and a capacitor connected in series on the dc side, where the resonant frequency is twice the grid frequency, i.e. f ' is 100Hz, ω ' 2 pi f ' is 200 pi rad/s is approximately equal to 628.32 rad/s. The inductance and capacitance with proper parameters are selected to form a double frequency branch circuit, which is equivalent to short-circuit the double frequency component, so that the double frequency component in the output current is absorbed, and only the required constant current value is left.
The selection process of the resonant capacitance and resonant inductance parameters is as follows:
according to the definition of the series resonant circuit, the resonant capacitance C2And a resonant inductor L2The relationship of (1) is:
Wherein, ω' ═ 4 π f = 200 π rad/s.
The above formula shows the inductance L of the double frequency resonance circuit2And a capacitor C2In inverse ratio, C2Maximum value of voltage at
The resonant capacitor C can be obtained2Range of (1)
Wherein α is a coefficient which is the ratio of the effective value of the rectified output pulsed DC current to the effective value of the AC.the effective value of the sine wave AC is not equivalent to the effective value of the rectified pulsed DC wave, and is about 0.95 of the AC.
The calculated value and the empirical value are integrated, and finally the resonant capacitor C is selected26000 μ F, based on the resonant capacitance C2And a resonant inductor L2The relation of (A) can obtain the resonant inductance L2Is 0.42 mH.
Voltage stabilizing capacitor C in this embodimentdIs 9000 muF.
The rectifier in this embodiment is controlled by a transient current control strategy, a control flow chart is shown in fig. 3, and a mathematical expression is as follows:
wherein, KpAnd TiIs a parameter of the proportional-integrator and,
is a given value of the voltage on the DC side, UdIs the measured value of the DC side voltage, UNIs the effective value of the AC side voltage, K is the proportionality coefficient of the AC side current feedback component, and the proportionality integral regulating parameter Kp＝0.2，KI15. Setting the triangular wave frequency, i.e. the switching frequency fsAt 1250Hz, the amplitude is consistent with the voltage on the secondary side of the transformer.
The equivalent process for the traction motor and traction inverter is as follows:
assuming that the traction inverter has no electric energy loss, the power factor of the driven asynchronous motor is approximately 1, the inverter part and the traction motor can be equivalent to an equivalent resistor, and the calculation method of the resistor specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein, PMΣIs the sum of the output powers of the inverter section and the traction motor, PMOIs the power of a single motor.
Next, FFT analysis is performed to analyze the relationship between the harmonic content and the number of harmonics and the relationship between the harmonic content and the carrier ratio.
1. Firstly, the power grid side harmonic content rate at the rated carrier ratio is calculated by using FFT, and the content rate of each subharmonic is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 AC harmonic content of power grid side under rated parameters
The transient current control strategy is adopted to control the rectifier circuit, the control process has two closed loops, the outer loop is used for controlling the voltage of the direct current side and maintaining the voltage at a constant value, and the inner loop controls the current to enable the power factor of the power grid side to be 1. Because the DC side voltage contains double frequency harmonic wave, the characteristic signal obtained by the proportional integrator
The power grid side alternating current also contains a frequency doubling component and is formed by multiplying sin omega t
In the presence of triple frequency component, the actual grid side AC current iN1Also contains a triple frequency component. Similarly, if such 3 rd harmonic is not circulated as an input again in a closed loop, 5 th harmonic will be obtained, and 7 th harmonic will be generated from 5 th harmonic, and so on. Therefore, the low-order odd harmonic waves in the alternating current at the input end of the traction converter have large content, namely 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and the like.
As can be seen from the table, when the ac side current is operated under the rated parameters, the 3 rd harmonic content is 0.3256%, the 5 th harmonic content is 0.2828%, the 7 th harmonic content is 0.1504%, the 9 th harmonic content is 0.0885%, and the 11 th harmonic content is 0.1540%, which are higher than the other harmonics, and the theoretical analysis is satisfied.
2. The carrier ratio is changed by adjusting the switching frequency of the IGBT in the rectifier, then the change of the high-order harmonic content of the power grid side under different carrier ratios is measured, and the relation between the carrier ratio and the high-order harmonic content of the power grid is analyzed.
The switching frequency of a rectifier part of the CRH3 motor train unit is fs1250Hz, the frequency of the power grid side is f 50Hz, and the carrier ratio N is fsWhen 1250/50 is 25, the rectification part is a double PWM rectifier, that is, two four-quadrant pulse rectifiers are connected in parallel, theoretically, the harmonic frequency of the alternating current side current is mN + N, the harmonic when m is an odd number is eliminated by the double operation, the harmonic frequency is at least near 2N, and when the harmonic frequency is near the even number carrier ratio, the content of the higher harmonic is high.
As shown in fig. 5, the 51 th harmonic content is 0.3692%, and the 99 th harmonic content is 0.1849%, which is in accordance with the theoretical analysis that the harmonic number is larger in the even-numbered carrier ratio.
To further verify that the higher harmonics are related to the switching frequency, f is performeds1000Hz and fsAnd (4) analyzing the harmonic content of the alternating current side at 2000 Hz.
When f issAs shown in fig. 6, the harmonic content analysis results at 1000Hz showed 0.2057% for the 41 th harmonic content and 0.2485% for the 79 th harmonic content.
When f issThe result of the harmonic content analysis at 2000Hz is shown in fig. 7, and the 80 th harmonic content is 0.2299%.
When f issWhen the frequency is 1000Hz, the carrier ratio is 20, so that larger values appear near the even harmonics of 20 such as 40, 80 and the like, and the 41 th harmonic and 79 th harmonic in the simulation result have larger contents, thereby conforming to the theoretical analysis. When f issWhen the carrier ratio is 2000Hz, the carrier ratio is 40, so that larger values appear near even harmonics of 40 such as 80, and the like, and the content of 73 th harmonic and 80 th harmonic in the simulation result is larger, which also accords with the theoretical analysis. Therefore, the higher harmonic content is related to the switching frequency of the rectifier, and a larger harmonic content appears near the harmonics of the carrier ratio of the even number times.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A simulation method for injecting power grid harmonic waves into a high-speed rail electric locomotive is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: building a simulation circuit for injecting power grid harmonic waves into the high-speed rail electric locomotive in the PSCAD;
step 2: an ideal voltage source is used for equivalently replacing a power grid in the simulation circuit;
and step 3: equivalently replacing a traction inverter and a traction motor in the simulation circuit by equivalent resistance;
and 4, step 4: operating a simulation circuit, and analyzing the harmonic waves on the power grid side through fast Fourier analysis (FFT);
and 5: and obtaining the relation between the harmonic content and the harmonic frequency and the relation between the harmonic content and the carrier ratio.
2. The simulation method for injecting the harmonic waves into the power grid of the high-speed rail electric locomotive according to claim 1, wherein the simulation circuit in the step 1 comprises an ideal voltage source, a transformer, a rectifier, a frequency doubling harmonic oscillator circuit, a voltage stabilizing sub-circuit and an equivalent resistor; the primary side of the transformer is connected with an ideal voltage source, and the secondary side of the transformer is connected with the alternating current side of the rectifier; and the frequency doubling harmonic oscillator circuit, the voltage stabilizing sub-circuit and the equivalent resistor are respectively connected with the direct current side of the rectifier in parallel.
3. The simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into a power grid of a high-speed rail electric locomotive according to claim 2, wherein the rectifier comprises two four-quadrant pulse rectifiers connected in parallel.
4. The simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into a power grid of a high-speed rail electric locomotive according to claim 3, wherein the transformer is a three-winding transformer; the primary winding of the three-winding transformer is connected with an ideal voltage source, and two windings of the secondary winding are respectively connected with the two rectifiers.
5. The simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into a power grid of a high-speed rail electric locomotive according to claim 2, wherein the double-frequency harmonic oscillator circuit comprises a resonance capacitor and a resonance inductor; the resonance capacitor and the resonance inductor are connected in series.
6. The simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into a power grid of a high-speed rail electric locomotive according to claim 2, wherein the voltage-stabilizing sub-circuit comprises a voltage-stabilizing capacitor.
7. The simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into a power grid of a high-speed rail electric locomotive according to claim 2, wherein the rectifier adopts a transient current control strategy.
8. The simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into a power grid of a high-speed rail electric locomotive according to claim 1, wherein the harmonic waves comprise low-order harmonic waves and high-order harmonic waves.
9. The simulation method for injecting harmonic waves into a power grid of a high-speed rail electric locomotive according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 specifically comprises:
step 5-1: analyzing voltage harmonic components on the power grid side by adopting Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and calculating the harmonic content of the power grid side at a rated carrier ratio to obtain the relation between the harmonic content and the harmonic times;
step 5-2: the carrier ratio is changed by adjusting the switching frequency of the IGBT in the rectifier, the voltage harmonic component on the power grid side is analyzed by adopting FFT, then the power grid side high-order harmonic content under the carrier ratio is calculated, and finally the relation between the carrier ratio and the harmonic content is obtained.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112858784A (en) * | 2021-04-03 | 2021-05-28 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Traction power supply system-regional power grid parallel harmonic resonance frequency identification method |
| CN117713088A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-03-15 | 云南电网有限责任公司 | Analysis method and system for harmonic influence of grid connection of high-speed rail electric locomotive on power grid |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112858784A (en) * | 2021-04-03 | 2021-05-28 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Traction power supply system-regional power grid parallel harmonic resonance frequency identification method |
| CN112858784B (en) * | 2021-04-03 | 2023-05-26 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Traction power supply system-regional power grid parallel harmonic resonance frequency identification method |
| CN117713088A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-03-15 | 云南电网有限责任公司 | Analysis method and system for harmonic influence of grid connection of high-speed rail electric locomotive on power grid |
| CN117713088B (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-05-10 | 云南电网有限责任公司 | Analysis method and system for harmonic influence of grid connection of high-speed rail electric locomotive on power grid |
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