CN110931876A - High-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
High-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
A high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte comprises a solvent, lithium salt and an inorganic film-forming additive; the solvent comprises (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester accounting for 5-15% of the weight of the solvent. The high stability of the (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester in the invention can prevent the electrolyte from being oxidized on the surface of the anode in a large amount, thereby ensuring the high-pressure cycle performance of the electrolyte and ensuring the capacity retention rate of the battery. The addition of the lithium fluorozirconate in the invention can play a role in regulating and controlling the formation of the SEI film, so that the SEI film is more uniform, the impedance of the SEI film is reduced, and the capacity retention rate of the battery is further improved. Meanwhile, lithium fluorozirconate can further inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte under high pressure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery, in particular to a high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte.
Background
The anode material of the lithium ion battery has higher voltage and is easy to react with organic electrolyte; once the reaction occurs, the electrolyte is consumed, and the structural integrity of the positive electrode material is also damaged, so that the overall performance of the battery is reduced, and in order to improve the interface stability between the electrode and the electrolyte under high voltage, coating modification of the positive electrode material is an important means. Common coating materials include inorganic substances such as carbon materials, oxides, fluorides, etc., for example, in patent 201711230525.4, a high-pressure-resistant lithium ion battery electrolyte and a coating material in a lithium ion battery are lithium carbonate, lithium oxide, potassium carbonate, etc. However, after the conventional coating material is cycled for a plurality of times, for example, 200 times, the thickness of the SEI film formed on the surface of the positive electrode material is thick and uneven, the resistance is increased, and the cycle performance of the battery is not good.
Meanwhile, in the conventional high-voltage electrolyte, most of the electrolyte only focuses on the film forming additive, and the attention on the solvent is less. The electrolyte is oxidized on the surface of the cathode in a large amount so as to destroy the components of the whole electrolyte, and the problem to be solved is high-voltage electrolyte.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte and a lithium ion battery with stable solvent and good cycle performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte comprises a solvent, lithium salt and an inorganic film-forming additive; the solvent comprises (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester accounting for 5-15% of the weight of the solvent.
Preferably, the solvent further includes ethylene carbonate, methyl ethylene carbonate, and methyl ethyl ketone; the weight ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the methyl ethyl ketone is 5-8: 4-7: 3-5: 1 to 2.
Preferably, the solvent further comprises ethylene carbonate, 2-butanone and dichloromethane; the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the 2-butanone to the dichloromethane is 1-2: 3-7: 3 to 7.
Preferably, the solubility of the lithium salt in the electrolyte of the high-voltage lithium ion battery is 1 mol/L-1.5 mol/L.
In the above electrolyte for a high-voltage lithium ion battery, preferably, the lithium salt includes one or more of lithium hexafluorocarbonate, lithium difluorocarbonate, lithium fluoroborate, lithium dioxalate borate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Preferably, the inorganic film-forming additive is lithium fluorozirconate, and the weight of the lithium fluorozirconate is 1-5% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
6. The high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 5, wherein: the concentration of the lithium fluorozirconate is 0.1-0.2mol/L
A lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and the electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 6.
In the above lithium ion battery, preferably, the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material attached to the positive electrode; the positive current collector is aluminum foil.
Preferably, in the above lithium ion battery, the positive electrode active material is lithium nickel manganese oxide LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4。
In the above lithium ion battery, preferably, the separator is at least one of a polypropylene film, a polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene composite film, nylon cloth, glass fiber, a polyvinyl alcohol film and asbestos paper.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the high stability of the (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester in the invention can prevent the electrolyte from being oxidized on the surface of the anode in a large amount, thereby ensuring the high-pressure cycle performance of the electrolyte and ensuring the capacity retention rate of the battery. The addition of the lithium fluorozirconate in the invention can play a role in regulating and controlling the formation of the SEI film, so that the SEI film is more uniform, the impedance of the SEI film is reduced, and the capacity retention rate of the battery is further improved. Meanwhile, lithium fluorozirconate can further inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte under high pressure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a TEM image of an SEI film on a positive electrode sheet after 200 cycles of an electrolyte to which (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester is added.
Fig. 2 is a TEM image of an SEI film on a positive electrode sheet after 200 cycles of an electrolyte to which (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester is not added.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.
It should be particularly noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to, connected to or communicated with" another element, it can be directly fixed to, connected to or communicated with the other element or indirectly fixed to, connected to or communicated with the other element through other intermediate connecting components.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The electrolyte of the high-voltage lithium ion battery is characterized in that: comprises solvent, lithium salt and inorganic film forming additive; the solvent comprises (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester accounting for 5-15% of the weight of the solvent.
In the present invention, the stability of the entire electrolyte can be improved due to the high stability of (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester. Under the condition of high voltage, the electrolyte is greatly oxidized at the cathode, and a large amount of heat is generated when the reaction occurs, and the (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester has high thermal stability, so that the (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester can inhibit the electrolyte from being greatly oxidized at the surface of the cathode to a certain extent; thereby ensuring the cycling performance of the capacitor.
In the invention, the solvent further comprises ethylene carbonate, methyl ethylene carbonate, and methyl ethyl ketone; the weight ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the methyl ethyl ketone is 5-8: 4-7: 3-5: 1 to 2. In the invention, the defect of a single solvent can be overcome by mixing ethylene carbonate, methyl ethylene carbonate, (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester and methyl ethyl ketone to form a cosolvent system. The cosolvent system has the advantages of low viscosity, high dielectric constant, high thermal stability and the like, so that the electrolyte has a wider electrochemical stability window and higher conductivity, and a lithium electronic battery formed by the electrolyte has higher capacity and cycling stability and good electrochemical performance.
In the present invention, the solvent may be another one, that is, the solvent further includes ethylene carbonate, 2-butanone and methylene chloride; the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the 2-butanone to the dichloromethane is 1-2: 3-7: 3 to 7.
In the present invention, the solubility of the lithium salt is 1mol/L to 1.5 mol/L. The high concentration of the lithium salt improves the high-voltage performance of the electrolyte.
In the present invention, the lithium salt includes one or more of lithium hexafluorocarbonate, lithium difluorocarbonate, lithium fluoroborate, lithium dioxalate borate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate. It is worth noting that the lithium carbonate salts, namely hexafluoro lithium carbonate and difluoro lithium carbonate as indicated herein, are more compatible with (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester, and after cycling many times, the cell heats up and lithium carbonate salts deposit on the cathode surface, thereby increasing the cathode surface resistance and increasing the cell internal resistance, while the addition of (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester can reduce the deposition of lithium carbonate salts.
In the invention, the inorganic film-forming additive is lithium fluozirconate, and the weight of the lithium fluozirconate accounts for 1-5% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
In the present invention, the concentration of lithium fluorozirconate is 0.1 to 0.2 mol/L. The concentration of lithium fluorozirconate is preferably 0.15 mol/L; the addition of the lithium fluorozirconate can participate in the formation of an SEI film on the surface of the anode, and the formed film has good uniformity and low impedance and can greatly reduce the charge transfer impedance. Fig. 1 is a TEM image of an SEI film on a positive electrode sheet after 200 cycles of an electrolyte to which (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester is added. Fig. 2 is a TEM image of an SEI film on a positive electrode sheet after 200 cycles of an electrolyte to which (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester is not added. It can be seen from the figure that the electrolyte added with (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester has a uniform SEI film on the positive plate after 200 cycles, and the thickness is thin.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery which is characterized in that: comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and the above-mentioned electrolyte. The positive electrode comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material attached to the positive electrode; the positive current collector is aluminum foil. The positive active material is lithium nickel manganese LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. The diaphragm is at least one of polypropylene film, polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene composite film, nylon cloth, glass fiber, polyvinyl alcohol film and asbestos paper.
Example 1
Mixing ethylene carbonate, methyl ethylene carbonate, (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester and methyl ethyl ketone according to a mass ratio of 4: 3: 1: 1 is prepared into a multi-element blending solvent, and then lithium salt (lithium hexafluorocarbonate) and inorganic film forming additive (lithium fluorozirconate) are added into the multi-element blending solvent to prepare the high-pressure-resistant lithium ion battery electrolyte 1, wherein the dosage of the lithium hexafluorocarbonate is 1.5mol/L, and the dosage of the inorganic film forming additive accounts for 5 percent of the total mass of the electrolyte.
The lithium ion battery 1 is prepared by using the high-voltage-resistant lithium ion battery electrolyte 1 by a conventional method.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 a comparative electrolyte 1 was prepared without (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester and with the same other components as in example 1, and a comparative lithium ion battery 1 was prepared from the comparative electrolyte 1 by a conventional method.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 in comparison with example 1, a comparative electrolyte 2 was prepared by changing the inorganic film-forming additive from lithium fluorozirconate to the conventional inorganic film-forming additive lithium sulfate, and the other portions were the same as in example 1, and a comparative lithium ion battery 2 was prepared from the comparative electrolyte 2 by a conventional method.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 in comparison to example 1, where the inorganic film-forming additive was changed from lithium fluorozirconate to lithium sulfate, a conventional inorganic film-forming additive, and the solvent was free of (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester, the other portions were the same as in example 1, a comparative electrolyte 3 was prepared, and a comparative lithium ion battery 3 was prepared using the comparative electrolyte 3 by a conventional method.
The lithium ion batteries of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to an electrochemical impedance test in a discharged state (E = 3V) after 30 cycles.
Table 1 shows the performance test of the lithium ion batteries of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3
Note: the design capacity of the cell was 4200 mAh.
As can be seen from the above table, the battery of example 1 has high capacity retention, good rate capability and good cycle performance; has excellent electrochemical performance.
Claims (10)
1. The electrolyte of the high-voltage lithium ion battery is characterized in that: comprises solvent, lithium salt and inorganic film forming additive; the solvent comprises (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ethyl ester accounting for 5-15% of the weight of the solvent.
2. The high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the solvent further comprises ethylene carbonate, methyl ethylene carbonate, and methyl ethyl ketone; the weight ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the methyl ethyl ketone is 5-8: 4-7: 3-5: 1 to 2.
3. The high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the solvent also comprises ethylene carbonate, 2-butanone and dichloromethane; the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the 2-butanone to the dichloromethane is 1-2: 3-7: 3 to 7.
4. The high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the solubility of the lithium salt is 1-1.5 mol/L, and the lithium salt comprises one or more of lithium hexafluorocarbonate, lithium difluorocarbonate, lithium fluoroborate, lithium dioxalate borate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
5. The high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of any of claims 1-4, wherein: the inorganic film-forming additive is lithium fluozirconate, and the weight of the lithium fluozirconate is 1-5% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
6. The high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 5, wherein: the concentration of the lithium fluorozirconate is 0.1-0.2 mol/L.
7. A lithium ion battery, characterized by: comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and the electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The lithium ion battery of claim 7, wherein: the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material attached to the positive electrode; the positive current collector is aluminum foil.
9. The lithium ion battery of claim 8, wherein: the positive active material is lithium nickel manganese LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4。
10. The lithium ion battery of claim 7, wherein: the diaphragm is at least one of polypropylene film, polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene composite film, nylon cloth, glass fiber, polyvinyl alcohol film and asbestos paper.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113422110A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-21 | 华南理工大学 | Synthesis method of mixed zirconium salt electrolyte material and application of mixed zirconium salt electrolyte material in lithium metal battery |
| CN113921906A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-11 | 湖南法恩莱特新能源科技有限公司 | High-voltage electrolyte additive, high-voltage electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN113921905A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-11 | 湖南法恩莱特新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN113422110A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-21 | 华南理工大学 | Synthesis method of mixed zirconium salt electrolyte material and application of mixed zirconium salt electrolyte material in lithium metal battery |
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| CN113921906A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-11 | 湖南法恩莱特新能源科技有限公司 | High-voltage electrolyte additive, high-voltage electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
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| CN113921905B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2024-04-26 | 湖南法恩莱特新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof |
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