CN110931788A - Graphite negative electrode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Graphite negative electrode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/626—Metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a graphite cathode material of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein D50, D90 and D100 in the graphite cathode material of the lithium ion battery are respectively 7.5-8.5 mu m, 14-16 mu m and 21-26 mu m, and the BET specific surface area of the graphite cathode material of the lithium ion battery is 2.0-2.3 m2The tap density is 1.0-1.2 g/cm2. The graphite cathode material of the lithium ion battery prepared by the invention has excellent low-temperature and rate capability, smaller primary particles can be bonded by secondary granulation, the transmission distance of lithium ions in graphite crystals is reduced, copper powder and nano conductive carbon can be coated on the surfaces of graphite particles after a graphitization process, the charge transfer impedance on the graphite surface is effectively reduced, and the adopted resin becomes amorphous carbon after the coating and graphitization processes, so that the expansion of the lithium ions is effectively acceleratedThe rate of dispersion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of negative electrode materials, and particularly relates to a graphite negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, energy crisis and environmental protection are becoming two major concerns of people, new energy and energy storage systems which are pollution-free and renewable are actively searched and developed in various countries, and lithium ion batteries have the advantages of environmental friendliness, long cycle life, high energy density and the like and are widely and deeply researched by people. At present, lithium ion batteries are widely applied in the fields of mobile phones, notebooks, electric automobiles and the like; with the increasing international competitive situation, chemical power sources under extreme conditions gradually attract the attention of various countries, and particularly, lithium ion batteries under low-temperature and high-current conditions become hot spots concerned by various countries in the technical fields of military equipment, national defense safety and the like.
Graphite is always one of the most common cathode materials after the commercialization of the lithium ion battery, and is also one of the important factors influencing the low-temperature and rate performance of the lithium ion battery, and with the continuous development of economy and technology, people have great needs for chemical power sources which can be safely used under extreme conditions, such as batteries used by electric automobiles in winter in the north of China; in order to improve the low-temperature and rate-multiplying performance of graphite lithium ion battery cathode materials, researchers have tried many preparation and modification methods and obtained corresponding achievements, for example, patent CN105375030A adopts a manner of intercalation micro-expansion modification of natural flake graphite by concentrated acid and carbon source coating granulation to improve the low-temperature and rate-multiplying performance of natural graphite, but using a manner of strong acid, there are many difficulties in actual industrial production, and the low-temperature performance of the graphite lithium ion battery cathode materials needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a graphite cathode material of a lithium ion battery to overcome the technical problems.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries, wherein the particle diameter D50 of 50% cumulative part from the small particle side is 7.5 to 8.5 μm, the particle diameter D90 of 90% cumulative part from the small particle side is 14 to 16 μm, and the particle diameter D100 of 100% cumulative part from the small particle side is 21 to 26 μm, and the BET specific surface area of the graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries is 2.0 to 2.3m2The tap density is 1.0-1.2 g/cm2。
Further, the relationships among D50, D90 and D100 are preferably as follows: D90/D50 is more than or equal to 1.7 and less than or equal to 1.9, and D100/D50 is more than or equal to 2.5 and less than or equal to 3.3.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the lithium ion battery graphite cathode material, which bonds small-particle graphite crystals together through secondary granulation, coats the graphite surface with metal copper, nano conductive carbon and amorphous carbon, and improves the low-temperature and rate performance of the graphite cathode through combination of three methods.
Which comprises the following steps of,
(1) shaping: grinding and shaping needle coke serving as a raw material, wherein D50, D90 and D100 in the shaped raw material are respectively 3-5 microns, 7-10 microns and 16-20 microns;
(2) and (3) secondary granulation: mixing the shaped raw materials with a binder, putting the mixture into a reaction kettle for high-temperature reaction, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a mixture;
(3) coating: mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with resin for coating treatment, wherein the coating temperature is 1100-1300 ℃;
(4) graphitization: and (3) carrying out graphitization treatment on the material coated in the step (2), wherein the graphitization temperature is 3000-3200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-12 h, so that the lithium ion battery graphite cathode material with excellent low temperature and rate performance can be obtained.
Further, in the step (1), the needle coke is calcined needle coke, and the sulfur content is less than 1%, the volatile matter is less than 1%, and the ash content is less than 1%.
Further, in the step (2), the binder and the shaped raw materials are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 10-19.
Further, the binder in the step (2) is a mixture of copper powder, nano conductive carbon and asphalt, wherein the mass fraction ratio of the copper powder to the binder is 1-5%, and the mass fraction ratio of the nano conductive carbon to the binder is 0.5-1%.
Further, in the step (2), the temperature of the high-temperature reaction is 500-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours.
Further, in the step (3), the resin is phenolic resin and/or epoxy resin, and the coating proportion is 3-5%.
Further, in the step (4), the graphitization treatment is to place the coated material in an Acheson graphitization furnace for treatment.
Has the advantages that: the lithium ion battery graphite cathode material prepared by the invention has excellent low temperature and rate capability, smaller primary particles can be bonded by secondary granulation, the transmission distance of lithium ions in graphite crystals is reduced, copper powder and nano conductive carbon can be coated on the surfaces of graphite particles after a graphitization process, the charge transfer impedance on the surfaces of graphite particles is effectively reduced, the adopted resin becomes amorphous carbon after the coating and graphitization processes, the interlayer spacing of the amorphous carbon is larger than that of the graphite, and the amorphous carbon has a pore structure, so that the diffusion rate of the lithium ions is effectively accelerated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope picture of a graphite negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery with excellent low-temperature and rate performance in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a button cell charge-discharge diagram of the graphite negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery with excellent low-temperature and rate capability of example 1;
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships only for the purpose of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the designated device or structure must have a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The present invention provides a graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries, wherein the particle diameter D50 of 50% accumulation part from the small particle side is 7.5-8.5 μm, the particle diameter D90 of 90% accumulation part from the small particle side is 14-16 μm, and the particle diameter D100 of 100% accumulation part from the small particle side is 21-26 μm, and the BET specific surface area of the graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries is 2.0-2.3 m2The tap density is 1.0-1.2 g/cm2(ii) a Wherein, the D50, the D90 and the D100 preferably have the following relations: D90/D50 is more than or equal to 1.7 and less than or equal to 1.9, and D100/D50 is more than or equal to 2.5 and less than or equal to 3.3.
The graphite cathode material of the lithium ion battery with the structure is prepared by the following steps:
(1) shaping: grinding and shaping needle coke serving as a raw material, wherein D50, D90 and D100 in the shaped raw material are respectively 3.5-5 microns, 8-10 microns and 12-20 microns;
(2) and (3) secondary granulation: mixing the shaped raw materials with a binder, putting the mixture into a reaction kettle for high-temperature reaction, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a mixture;
(3) coating: mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with resin for coating treatment, wherein the coating temperature is 1100-1300 ℃;
(4) graphitization: and (3) carrying out graphitization treatment on the material coated in the step (2), wherein the graphitization temperature is 3000-3200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-12 h, so that the lithium ion battery graphite cathode material with excellent low temperature and rate performance can be obtained.
Further, in the step (1), the needle coke is calcined needle coke, and the sulfur content is less than 1%, the volatile matter is less than 1%, and the ash content is less than 1%.
Further, in the step (2), the binder and the shaped raw materials are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 10-19.
Further, the binder in the step (2) is a mixture of copper powder, nano conductive carbon and asphalt, wherein the mass fraction ratio of the copper powder to the binder is 1-5%, and the mass fraction ratio of the nano conductive carbon to the binder is 0.5-1%.
Further, in step (2). The temperature of the high-temperature reaction is 500-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h.
Further, in the step (3), the resin is phenolic resin and/or epoxy resin, and the coating proportion is 3-5%.
Further, in the step (4), the graphitization treatment is to treat the coated material in an Acheson graphitization furnace.
Example 1
The needle coke raw material was pulverized and shaped by a pulverizer and a shaper, and the shaped particle size D50 was 3.5 μm, D90 was 8.1 μm, and D100 was 17.2 μm, and 10kg of the needle coke shaping raw material, 22g of copper powder, 10g of nano conductive carbon, and 900g of high temperature pitch were weighed. Fully and uniformly mixing the three materials, putting the mixture into a bedroom reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and taking out the three materials after the three materials are cooled to room temperature. And (3) taking 300g of phenolic resin, fully mixing the phenolic resin with the materials from the reaction kettle, preserving heat at 1200 ℃ for 3h for high-temperature coating, and finally preserving heat at 3000 ℃ for 12h for graphitization treatment to obtain the lithium ion battery graphite cathode material with excellent low-temperature and rate performance.
Example 2
The needle coke raw material was pulverized and shaped by a pulverizer and a shaper, and the shaped particle size D50 was 4.1 μm, D90 was 8.6 μm, and D100 was 16.8 μm, and 10kg of the needle coke shaping raw material, 50g of copper powder, 10g of nano conductive carbon, and 930g of high temperature pitch were weighed. Fully and uniformly mixing the three materials, putting the mixture into a bedroom reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and taking out the three materials after the three materials are cooled to room temperature. And (3) taking 280g of phenolic resin, fully mixing the phenolic resin with the material from the reaction kettle, preserving heat at 1200 ℃ for 3h for high-temperature coating, and finally preserving heat at 3000 ℃ for 12h for graphitization treatment to obtain the lithium ion battery graphite cathode material with excellent low-temperature and rate performance.
Example 3
Needle coke raw material is pulverized and shaped by a pulverizer and a shaper, the particle size D50 after shaping is 4.5 μm, D90 is 9.2 μm, and D100 is 18.5 μm, 10kg of needle coke shaping raw material, 18g of copper powder, 2.5g of nano conductive carbon and 480g of high temperature asphalt are weighed. Fully and uniformly mixing the three materials, putting the mixture into a bedroom reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and taking out the three materials after the three materials are cooled to room temperature. And (3) taking 450g of phenolic resin, fully mixing the phenolic resin with the materials from the reaction kettle, preserving heat at 1200 ℃ for 3h for high-temperature coating, and finally preserving heat at 3000 ℃ for 12h for graphitization treatment to obtain the lithium ion battery graphite cathode material with excellent low-temperature and rate performance.
Example 4
The needle coke raw material was pulverized and shaped by a pulverizer and a shaper, and the shaped particle size D50 was 4.9 μm, D90 was 9.6 μm, and D100 was 17.8 μm, and 10kg of the needle coke shaping raw material, 10g of copper powder, 5g of nano conductive carbon, and 980g of high temperature pitch were weighed. Fully and uniformly mixing the three materials, putting the mixture into a bedroom reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and taking out the three materials after the three materials are cooled to room temperature. And (3) taking 430g of phenolic resin, fully mixing the phenolic resin with the materials from the reaction kettle, preserving heat at 1200 ℃ for 3h for high-temperature coating, and finally preserving heat at 3000 ℃ for 12h for graphitization treatment to obtain the lithium ion battery graphite cathode material with excellent low-temperature and rate performance.
Example 5
Needle coke raw material was pulverized and shaped by a pulverizer and a shaper, the particle size D50 after shaping was 4.3 μm, D90 was 8.1 μm, and D100 was 17.2 μm, and 10kg of needle coke shaping raw material, 28g of copper powder, 4.5g of nano conductive carbon, and 560g of high temperature pitch were weighed. Fully and uniformly mixing the three materials, putting the mixture into a bedroom reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and taking out the three materials after the three materials are cooled to room temperature. And (3) taking 330g of phenolic resin, fully mixing the phenolic resin with the materials from the reaction kettle, preserving heat at 1200 ℃ for 3h for high-temperature coating, and finally preserving heat at 3000 ℃ for 12h for graphitization treatment to obtain the lithium ion battery graphite cathode material with excellent low-temperature and rate performance.
The properties of the materials prepared in examples 1-5 and the effects of the first discharge and first coulomb on the batteries were examined, with the specific parameters as given in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the graphite anode material of the present invention has excellent first discharge capacity and first coulombic efficiency within the defined structural range.
Next, the charging constant current ratio test was performed on example 1 at different rates, and the specific data are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2
Finally, the percentage of discharge capacity of example 1 at different temperatures was measured and the specific data is shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3
| 25℃ | 10℃ | 0℃ | -10℃ | -20℃ | -30℃ | |
| Example 1 | 100％ | 97.26％ | 95.38％ | 89.35％ | 86.35％ | 78.35％ |
As can be seen from the data in tables 2 and 3, the graphite anode material prepared in this example 1 has excellent charging performance at different rates, and maintains excellent discharge performance at low temperatures.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more concise and clear, the present invention is described with the above specific embodiments, which are only used for describing the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries, characterized in that the particle diameter D50 of 50% cumulative part from the small particle side is 7.5 to 8.5 μm, the particle diameter D90 of 90% cumulative part from the small particle side is 14 to 16 μm, and the particle diameter D100 of 100% cumulative part from the small particle side is 21 to 26 μm, and the BET specific surface area of the graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries is 2.0 to 2.3m2The tap density is 1.0-1.2 g/cm2。
2. The graphite negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relationships among D50, D90 and D100 are preferably as follows: D90/D50 is more than or equal to 1.7 and less than or equal to 1.9, and D100/D50 is more than or equal to 2.5 and less than or equal to 3.3.
3. The preparation method of the graphite anode material of the lithium ion battery according to the claims 1-2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) shaping: grinding and shaping needle coke serving as a raw material, wherein D50, D90 and D100 in the shaped raw material are respectively 3.5-5 microns, 8-10 microns and 16-20 microns;
(2) and (3) secondary granulation: mixing the shaped raw materials with a binder, putting the mixture into a reaction kettle for high-temperature reaction, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a mixture;
(3) coating: mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with resin for coating treatment, wherein the coating temperature is 1100-1300 ℃;
(4) graphitization: and (3) carrying out graphitization treatment on the material coated in the step (2), wherein the graphitization temperature is 3000-3200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-12 h, so that the lithium ion battery graphite cathode material with excellent low temperature and rate performance can be obtained.
4. The method for preparing the graphite anode material of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the needle coke is calcined needle coke, and has a sulfur content of less than 1%, a volatile content of less than 1% and an ash content of less than 1%.
5. The preparation method of the graphite anode material for the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the binder and the shaped raw materials are mixed according to a ratio of 1: 10-19.
6. The preparation method of the graphite negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 3 or 5, wherein the binder in the step (2) is a mixture of copper powder, nano conductive carbon and asphalt, wherein the mass fraction ratio of the copper powder to the binder is 1-5%, and the mass fraction ratio of the nano conductive carbon to the binder is 0.5-1%.
7. The preparation method of the graphite anode material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the high-temperature reaction is 500-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours.
8. The preparation method of the graphite anode material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the resin is phenolic resin and/or epoxy resin, and the coating proportion is 3-5%.
9. The preparation method of the graphite anode material of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the graphitization treatment is to treat the coated material in an Acheson graphitization furnace.
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| CN113394402A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-09-14 | 安徽科达新材料有限公司 | Morphology-controllable spherical graphite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023012296A1 (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-02-09 | Sgl Carbon Se | Anode material |
| CN115706230A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-02-17 | 中创新航科技股份有限公司 | Composite graphite negative electrode material, negative plate and lithium ion battery |
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Application publication date: 20200327 |