CN110927254B - High frame rate ultrasonic full-focusing imaging system realized based on FPGA - Google Patents
High frame rate ultrasonic full-focusing imaging system realized based on FPGA Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high frame rate ultrasonic full-focusing imaging system realized based on FPGA (field programmable gate array), which comprises a frame synchronization generation and control module, a multi-array element excitation module, an ultrasonic signal sampling module, a plurality of groups of effective ultrasonic signal storage modules, a full-focusing sound path receiving module, a full-focusing sound path access module, a plurality of groups of sound path generation modules, a data processing control module, a plurality of groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules and an image processing module. According to the invention, the imaging frame rate is improved by improving the algorithm framework of the full-focusing technology and optimizing the working process, and the ultrasonic full-focusing imaging of the high frame rate under the equivalent condition is realized, so that the real-time detection requirement of the market on the resolution of the high frame rate of the industrial ultrasonic detection is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic detection, in particular to a high-frame-rate ultrasonic full-focusing imaging system based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array).
Background
The ultrasonic phased array detection technology is a common method in the field of industrial nondestructive detection, and the phased array technology has the advantages of rapidness, accuracy, strong adaptability and the like, so that the ultrasonic phased array detection technology is widely applied to actual ultrasonic detection. Because the ultrasonic phased array can only carry out single-point real-time focusing, the imaging resolution and accuracy are limited; in recent years, the ultrasonic full focusing technology is gradually replaced by an ultrasonic full focusing technology, which is an advanced ultrasonic imaging phased array technology, and the defects of the phased array technology can be overcome by acquiring full matrix echo data of any point in a detected area and performing virtual focusing.
The ultrasonic full-focus imaging technology is firstly proposed by Caroline Holmes in 2005, and is mostly used for offline analysis for a long time due to the large amount of data required to be acquired, processed and transmitted. In recent years, an example of realizing full-focus real-time imaging by using a high-speed parallel processing device such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array) appears, but the imaging frame rate is obviously reduced when the number of array elements is large (more than or equal to 128 array elements) or when the pixel resolution is high (more than or equal to 25 ten thousand focuses) when the number of full-focus imaging focuses is large. However, the existing technical architecture for realizing the full-focus algorithm based on the FPGA cannot continuously and effectively improve the imaging frame rate, so that the imaging frame rate (when N becomes large or the depth is deepened) does not meet the real-time requirement.
In summary, in the conventional industrial ultrasonic full-focus imaging device, in the implementation of the full-focus function based on the FPGA, the disadvantages of low frame rate and poor real-time performance exist during imaging with high resolution; especially, when the number of the excitation array elements (more than or equal to 128 elements) or the detection depth is increased, the frame rate is obviously reduced, and the real-time detection requirement of practical application is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a high frame rate ultrasonic full-focusing imaging system based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array), which aims to solve the problems of low frame rate and poor real-time performance of the conventional industrial ultrasonic full-focusing imaging equipment during high-resolution imaging.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high frame rate ultrasound full focus imaging system implemented based on an FPGA, including:
the frame synchronization generation and control module is used for generating a frame synchronization signal of each frame according to a preset pulse excitation period and a preset array element excitation period;
the multi-array element excitation module is used for generating pulse excitation signals, sequentially exciting each array element to work and generating pulse signals with fixed pulse width during each excitation; in each pulse excitation period, the number of array elements excited by the multi-array element excitation module is greater than or equal to 2;
the ultrasonic signal sampling module is used for converting the received pulse signal echo signal into a digital signal and respectively generating corresponding effective ultrasonic indication signals when each array element is excited according to a preset detection depth range;
the multi-group effective ultrasonic signal storage module is used for respectively storing a plurality of groups of acquired effective ultrasonic signals according to the digital signals and the effective ultrasonic indication signals;
the full-focusing sound path receiving module is used for receiving sound path data generated by the upper computer according to the preset resolution of the imaging focal number and the characteristic information of the detected object;
the full-aggregation sound path access module is used for storing the one-way sound path in the sound path data; wherein, the unidirectional sound path in the sound path data is a transmitting sound path or a receiving sound path;
the multiple groups of sound path generating modules are used for sequentially converting the sound paths into actual sound paths when each array element receives the sound paths according to the unidirectional sound paths input by the full-aggregation sound path access module; wherein the actual sound path is twice the unidirectional sound path;
the data processing control module is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to work in the current pulse excitation period in each pulse excitation period; the full-focusing sound path access module is used for controlling the full-focusing sound path access module to read out sound path data of the current pulse excitation period; and is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to carry out data superposition processing of the previous pulse excitation period;
the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules are used for superposing multiple groups of ultrasonic signal data input by the multiple groups of effective ultrasonic signal storage modules; the pulse excitation device is used for accumulating the signal data of each pulse excitation period in each frame period to obtain image data of each frame;
and the image processing module is used for converting the image data of each frame into gray image data and outputting the gray image data.
Further, the data processing control module is configured to control, in each pulse excitation period, a plurality of groups of ultrasound signal superposition modules to perform work in the current pulse excitation period; the full-focusing sound path access module is used for controlling the full-focusing sound path access module to read out sound path data of the current pulse excitation period; and the ultrasonic signal superposition module is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to carry out data superposition processing of the previous pulse excitation period, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the data processing control module is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to carry out data superposition processing of the previous pulse excitation period in each pulse excitation period before the ultrasonic propagation time of the current excitation period starts;
and in each pulse excitation period, after the ultrasonic propagation time of the current excitation period is finished, the ultrasonic signal superposition module is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to work in the current pulse excitation period, and simultaneously, the full-focusing sound path access module is controlled to read out sound path data of the current pulse excitation period.
Further, the image processing module is specifically configured to perform high-pass filtering processing and image smoothing processing on the image data of each frame, convert the image data into grayscale image data, and output the grayscale image data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a high frame rate ultrasonic full-focusing imaging system realized based on FPGA (field programmable gate array), which comprises a frame synchronization generation and control module, a multi-array element excitation module, an ultrasonic signal sampling module, a plurality of groups of effective ultrasonic signal storage modules, a full-focusing sound path receiving module, a full-focusing sound path access module, a plurality of groups of sound path generation modules, a data processing control module, a plurality of groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules, an image processing module and an image display module. According to the invention, the imaging frame rate is improved by improving the algorithm framework of the full-focusing technology and optimizing the working process, and the ultrasonic full-focusing imaging of the high frame rate under the equivalent condition is realized, so that the real-time detection requirement of the market on the resolution of the high frame rate of the industrial ultrasonic detection is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coordinate model for full focus imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an implementation of a conventional full focus imaging frame period according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a full focus imaging frame period when n1 is 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an overall frame of an ultrasonic full-focus high-resolution imaging device with a high frame rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a high frame rate ultrasound full focus imaging system implemented based on an FPGA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, it can be understood that the principle of the ultrasonic full focusing technique is shown in fig. 1. The full-focus imaging is realized by carrying out virtual focusing and imaging post-processing on an echo data matrix captured by a full matrix. The whole matrix capturing process: the probe is provided with N array elements which are arranged in sequence as follows: array element 0, array element 1, array element N-1. Exciting array element 0, N array elements receiving echo signal and storing as S11、S12、......、S1N(ii) a Exciting array element 1, N array elements to receive echo signal and storing as S21、S22、......、S2N(ii) a And repeating the steps until N array elements are excited, and receiving N multiplied by N A scanning data. Virtual focusing process: as shown in fig. 1, the lower small circle region is an imaging region, each small circle represents a pixel point, the imaging point img represents any pixel point in the imaging region, (i, j) represents the coordinates of the point,wherein i is 0,1, 2.., m-1, which represents coordinates in the y-axis direction; j-0, 1, 2., n-1, which indicates coordinates in the x-axis direction. P is the pixel point distance, ds is the detection initial depth; d is the array element interval, N is the array element number, the array element k and the array element p respectively represent the transmitting array element and the receiving array element, wherein the value ranges of k and p are [0, N-1 ]]. The available transmission acoustic path and the reception acoustic path are respectively:
the total acoustic path from the transmission of the ultrasonic wave from the array element k to the receiving array element p via the imaging point img (i, j) is:
R(i,j,k,h)＝R(i,j,k)+R(i,j,h)；
the index position of the A scanning data corresponding to the total sound path is as follows:
wherein, ν refers to the transmission speed of the ultrasonic wave in the measured object, and f refers to the clock frequency of the array element sampling.
The pixel value of any imaging point is obtained by superposing the full-focus image data of the point:
and finally, processing and displaying imaging through an upper computer.
It should be noted that the prior art has a disadvantage that the frame rate is lower when the number of array elements is large (for example, 128 array elements) or the detection depth is deep or when the number of full-focus imaging focuses is large and the frame rate is reduced obviously when the high-resolution imaging is performed, especially when the number of array elements or the detection depth is increased. The reason is that: as can be seen from the above-mentioned ultrasound full focusing principle, there are N excitation periods in each frame period, and each excitation period t includes the transmission and reception time t1 and the superimposed imaging time t2 of the full-matrix capture data corresponding to the current excitation array element, i.e. t1+ t2, as shown in fig. 2. Increasing the number of array elements to increase the number N of excitation periods; increasing the depth of probing increases the transmit receive time; therefore, the larger the excitation aperture of full focus, i.e., N, the deeper the detection depth, the longer the imaging time, and the lower the frame rate.
However, the existing technical architecture for realizing the full-focus algorithm based on the FPGA cannot continuously and effectively improve the imaging frame rate, so that the imaging frame rate (when N becomes large or the depth is deepened) does not meet the real-time requirement.
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention improves the algorithm framework of full focusing and optimizes the working flow, improves the imaging frame rate and realizes the ultrasonic full focusing imaging of high frame rate under the same condition under the conditions of realizing the quantity of ultrasonic full focusing multiple array elements (more than or equal to 128 array elements), depth increase and high imaging focus number (more than or equal to 25 ten thousand focuses) based on FPGA, meeting the requirements of lossless full focusing imaging quality and the like; therefore, the requirement of the market on high frame rate resolution real-time scanning of industrial ultrasonic detection is met.
Referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high frame rate ultrasound full focus imaging system implemented based on an FPGA, including:
the frame synchronization generation and control module 1 is used for generating frame synchronization signals of each frame according to a preset pulse excitation period and a preset array element excitation period;
the multi-array element excitation module 2 is used for generating pulse excitation signals, sequentially exciting each array element to work and generating pulse signals with fixed pulse width during each excitation; in each pulse excitation period, the number of array elements excited by the multi-array element excitation module is greater than or equal to 2;
the ultrasonic signal sampling module 3 is used for converting the received pulse signal echo signal into a digital signal and respectively generating corresponding effective ultrasonic indication signals when each array element is excited according to a preset detection depth range;
the multi-group effective ultrasonic signal storage module 4 is used for respectively storing a plurality of groups of collected effective ultrasonic signals according to the digital signals and the effective ultrasonic indication signals;
the full-focusing sound path receiving module 5 is used for receiving sound path data generated by the upper computer according to preset imaging focus number resolution and the characteristic information of the detected object;
the full-aggregation sound path access module 6 is used for storing the one-way sound path in the sound path data; wherein, the unidirectional sound path in the sound path data is a transmitting sound path or a receiving sound path;
the multi-group sound path generating module 7 is used for sequentially converting the single-direction sound paths input by the full-aggregation sound path access module into actual sound paths when each array element receives the sound paths; wherein the actual sound path is twice the unidirectional sound path;
the data processing control module 8 is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to work in the current pulse excitation period in each pulse excitation period; the full-focusing sound path access module is used for controlling the full-focusing sound path access module to read out sound path data of the current pulse excitation period; and is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to carry out data superposition processing of the previous pulse excitation period;
the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules 9 are used for superposing multiple groups of ultrasonic signal data input by the multiple groups of effective ultrasonic signal storage modules; the pulse excitation device is used for accumulating the signal data of each pulse excitation period in each frame period to obtain image data of each frame;
and the image processing module 10 is configured to convert the image data of each frame into grayscale image data and output the grayscale image data.
Further, the data processing control module 8 is configured to control, in each pulse excitation period, a plurality of groups of ultrasound signal superposition modules to perform work in the current pulse excitation period; the full-focusing sound path access module is used for controlling the full-focusing sound path access module to read out sound path data of the current pulse excitation period; and the ultrasonic signal superposition module is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to carry out data superposition processing of the previous pulse excitation period, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the data processing control module 8 is configured to, in each pulse excitation period, control the multiple groups of ultrasound signal superposition modules to perform data superposition processing of a previous pulse excitation period before the ultrasound propagation time of a current excitation period starts;
and in each pulse excitation period, after the ultrasonic propagation time of the current excitation period is finished, the ultrasonic signal superposition module is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to work in the current pulse excitation period, and simultaneously, the full-focusing sound path access module is controlled to read out sound path data of the current pulse excitation period.
Further, the image processing module 10 is specifically configured to perform high-pass filtering processing and image smoothing processing on the image data of each frame, convert the image data into grayscale image data, and output the grayscale image data.
It should be noted that the conventional full focus method requires multiple excitation periods in generating one frame image, and the excitation periods are composed of pulse propagation time and imaging time. The single array element excitation is carried out in each excitation period, then superposition imaging is carried out, the resolution of the image is larger, the imaging processing time required in each excitation period is longer, and therefore the excitation period is passively increased. When the number N of the array elements to be excited is increased, the frame period is also rapidly increased, and the frame frequency is rapidly reduced; in addition, as the detection depth increases, the duration of each array element excitation (i.e. pulse propagation time) becomes longer, and under the condition that the imaging time is not changed, each excitation period becomes longer, so that the imaging time of each frame is also increased, and the frame rate slides down.
Based on the high frame rate ultrasonic full-focusing imaging system based on the FPGA, the full-focusing frame rate is improved, and meanwhile, the frame rate is kept unchanged when the detection depth is deep. The working process comprises the following steps:
1. in the FPGA, a plurality of excitation periods are generated in one frame period according to the set number of the excitation array elements. Simultaneously, generating required full-focusing sound path data, and compressing and storing the data;
2. and a plurality of array elements are excited in turn to emit pulses in one excitation period, and the duration of each excited array element is the propagation time. Meanwhile, if the imaging processing in the previous excitation period is not finished, the imaging processing action in the previous excitation period is continuously finished in the excitation period;
3. converting the pulse echo signals into digital signals, and storing the digital signals in the corresponding positions of the group according to the array elements excited currently, wherein a plurality of groups of data are required to be stored in a plurality of excitations;
4. reading out the received and stored sound paths, restoring the sound paths into original real sound paths corresponding to a plurality of groups of echo data, reading data from the corresponding groups of stored echo data by taking the sound paths as addresses, and accumulating the data until all excitation periods are finished to obtain a frame of image data;
5. carrying out image processing on the obtained frame of image data, and transmitting the frame of image data to a display module in real time for display;
referring to fig. 4, the system includes an FPGA portion and an upper computer software portion, the scheme of the invention is mainly applied to the FPGA, and the upper computer mainly performs some data sending and image displaying work. By way of example, the following is a detailed description of the invention:
1. a frame synchronization generation and control module: generating frame synchronizing signals of the current frame, and generating N/N1 pulse excitation periods in each frame, wherein each pulse excitation period corresponds to the excitation periods of N1 array elements, and the total array elements are N.
2. The multi-array element excitation module: and generating a pulse excitation signal in the current ith excitation period, sequentially exciting the ith n1-1 array elements to work, after the propagation time t1 (the propagation time is equal to the emission time plus the receiving time), exciting the ith n1 array elements to work, after the propagation time t1, exciting the ith n1+1 array elements to work, …, and till n1 array elements are excited in the excitation period.
For example, when N1 is equal to 2 and the total array element number N is 64, the 1 st excitation period excites the 1 st array element and the 2 nd array element; exciting the 3 rd array element and the 4 th array element in the 2 nd excitation period; the 5 th array element and the 6 th array element are excited in the 3 rd excitation period; .....; and the 63 rd array element and the 64 th array element are excited in the 32 th excitation period, so that the excitation of all array elements of one frame of image is completed. Each excitation generates a pulse signal with a fixed pulse width, such as a pulse signal with a frequency of 5 Mhz.
3. An ultrasonic signal sampling module: the method comprises the steps of converting pulse signal echo signals (pulse signals with fixed pulse widths are generated by a multi-array element excitation module and generated by the pulse signals when the pulse signals are transmitted in an object to be detected and meet a reflection interface to generate echo signals) into digital signals, and respectively generating effective ultrasonic signal indicating signals when a plurality of array elements are respectively excited according to a detection depth range, for example, two array elements sequentially excite two corresponding different effective ultrasonic signal indicating signals.
4. A plurality of groups of effective ultrasonic signal storage modules: each group has N effective ultrasonic signals, and according to ultrasonic data (digital signals) acquired by an ultrasonic signal sampling module and a plurality of effective ultrasonic indication signals (the signals are used for indicating whether the current ultrasonic signals are effective echo signals in the current period, which section of the current ultrasonic signals is effective and which section is not in the current detection depth range can be determined according to the detection depth range of the current object to be detected), the plurality of groups of N effective ultrasonic signals are respectively stored on a RAM or in a DDR3 (which can be a storage unit in an FPGA or an external high-speed memory device), namely, writing operation is performed; and reading out multiple groups of ultrasonic data at corresponding positions according to the multiple groups of sound path data input by the multiple groups of sound path generating modules, namely reading operation.
5. The full-focusing sound path generation module: the full-focusing sound path generating module is positioned in the upper computer, the module generates N array elements to respectively transmit N sound paths received by the corresponding N array elements according to the set resolution row column col of the imaging focus number, the ultrasonic sound velocity of a detected object, the wedge condition and the like, and after the sound velocity and the resolution row column col of the imaging focus number are set, the sound paths are fixed, so the sound paths only need to be generated once. Since there are N array elements transmitting in turn and N receiving in each frame, there are always row col N sound path data, and each sound path is set to 8 bits, 10 bits, 12 bits, 14 bits or 16 bits according to the whole detection range.
6. The module receives sound path data transmitted by an upper computer in real time.
7. The full-aggregation sound path access module: because the sound path of the ultrasound from the surface of the array element to any point on the image is fixed, only the one-way sound path from the surface of each array element to the position point of the image needs to be stored; for example, as seen above in the fully focused model of fig. 1, the transmit path from element k to pixel (i, j) and the receive path from pixel (i, j) to element k are the same. The two sound paths need only store one to know the other. Here we store the transmit acoustic path.
The acoustic path is the transmit/receive acoustic path from each array element surface to the image location point, so if the image focal point resolution is row col, then the total acoustic path data is row col N and stored on RAM or in DDR 3. And reading all the sound path data according to the control signal of the data processing control module.
8. A plurality of groups of sound path generating modules: and sequentially converting actual sound paths when the corresponding N array elements receive when the N1 array elements are excited according to the unidirectional sound paths of the N array elements input by the full-aggregation sound path access module, wherein the N array elements are the ith x N1-1, the ith x N1, … … and the ith x N1+ N1-2. The actual acoustic path is equal to the transmit acoustic path plus the receive acoustic path.
It is understood that the transmission acoustic path: the emission time is divided by the sampling period (e.g., 10ns for a 100mhz sampling frequency). Receiving a sound path: the receive time is divided by the sampling period (e.g., 10ns for a 100mhz sampling frequency).
9. The data processing control module: in each excitation period, after the multi-array element excitation module excites n1 array elements through the ultrasonic propagation time tx n1 t1, the data processing control module controls a plurality of groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules in the current excitation period to start working in the current excitation period, and controls the full-focusing acoustic path access module to read the acoustic path in the current excitation period.
In the time before the ultrasonic propagation time tx, controlling a plurality of groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to carry out superposition processing of the previous excitation period, and controlling a full-focus sound path access module to read the sound path of the excitation period; the ultrasonic signal imaging processing of the previous excitation period is still performed within the ultrasonic propagation time of the current excitation period, so the detection depth is increased, and the ultrasonic propagation time tx does not need to be increased.
10. The multi-group ultrasonic signal superposition module: adding a plurality of groups of ultrasonic signal data input by a plurality of groups of effective ultrasonic signal access modules (each group has N effective ultrasonic signals), accumulating each excitation period in a frame period to obtain an image data, accumulating for N times until the last excitation period in the last frame, and outputting a complete image data.
11. An image processing module: and carrying out image processing on the image data output by the last module, wherein the image processing comprises high-pass filtering processing, image smoothing and the like, removing direct current components and noise components of signals, improving the signal-to-noise ratio and obtaining image gray data.
12. An image transmission module: and transmitting the image gray data to a display module through interfaces such as a network interface, a usb and the like.
13. An image display module: the image display module is generated by an upper computer, receives image gray data of each frame transmitted by the FPGA in real time, converts the image gray data into RGB image data and displays the RGB image data on display equipment such as a computer, a panel and the like.
In the examples of the present invention, in order to more specifically illustrate the contents of the scheme of the present invention, the following examples are specifically illustrated:
1. the travel time and imaging of the prior art are independent of each other and sequentially computed in time over an excitation period, as shown in fig. 2; the invention uses the imaging processing calculation in the last excitation period and the processing calculation propagation time of the current excitation period to be executed in parallel, or executes the processing calculation of a plurality of excitation periods simultaneously, so that the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the measured depth interval is only consumed in one excitation period, and the imaging processing time is added; and the remaining imaging processing calculations in the current excitation period are completed within the travel time in the next excitation period, and so on. Therefore, the influence of the detection starting depth on the excitation period can be eliminated, and the frame time, namely the frame rate is ensured to be unchanged. As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is an implementation when n1 is 2, i.e. two array elements are fired in a firing cycle.
2. In a frame period, the prior art needs to execute N times of excitation, where N is the number of array elements, as shown in fig. 2; the invention creates the index of each imaging pixel point through the sound path calculation, sequentially stores the collected echo data generated by the excitation of the single array element, can perform excitation-collection-storage for a plurality of times (set as n1 times) in an excitation period, sequentially reads the echo data generated by the excitation of the plurality of times on each pixel point according to the sound path index, calculates and finally performs imaging processing. In one frame period, N excitation periods are needed to be completed in the prior art, and only N/N1 excitation periods are needed to be completed in the invention. The value range of n1 can be adjusted according to the capacity of the storage unit,
for example, n1 ═ 2 can be set. The frame rate is thus improved by a factor of about n1 over the prior art. As shown in fig. 3.
The specific comparative calculation process is as follows: setting the number N of array elements to be 64, the imaging resolution to be 500 multiplied by 500, the sound velocity v to be 5000m/s, the depth area of a detected object to be detected to be 150-200 mm, and setting the ultrasonic propagation time in a single excitation period to be t 1; the single-pixel processing time is 5ns, and the imaging time t2 of the corresponding frame image is 500 × 500 × 5 is 1250000 ns.
The prior art transmits, receives and images independently in a single excitation period, and the ultrasound propagation time T1 ═ 200 × 2)/5000000 ═ 0.00008s ═ 80000ns, the frame period T ═ T1+ T2 × (85120000 ns) × (0.08512 s), and the frame rate is 1/0.08512 ≈ 11 frames.
The invention executes the emission instruction while imaging, only needs to calculate the ultrasonic propagation time in the interval of 150-200 mm during the excitation of the single array element, the propagation time in the interval of 0-150 mm is overlapped with the imaging time of the previous excitation period, so the repeated calculation is not needed; since n1 times of single-array element excitation instructions are executed in a single excitation period, the ultrasound propagation time t1 of the single excitation period is ((200) -150) × 2 × n1)/5000000, and if 2 array elements are excited in the single excitation period, that is, n1 is 2, then t1 is 0.00004s 40000ns, and the frame period is 40000ns
The frame rate is 1/0.04128 ≈ 24 frames. When n1 is equal to 4, the frame rate ≈ 48 frames.
The comparison analysis shows that the frame rate of the ultrasonic full focus under the high resolution imaging requirement can be effectively improved.
It should be noted that, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the analysis of the full-focus imaging process shows that the emission and receiving instructions of the following excitation period are executed while imaging, so that the emission and receiving time t1 can be reduced, the influence of the detection initial depth on the propagation time can be eliminated, and the imaging frame rate when the detection depth is deep is not reduced;
2. in a fixed detection depth range, because the propagation time required by each array element is fixed, the single array element excitation can be executed for multiple times in a single excitation period, the propagation time of exciting the array element every time is fixed, and the number of excitation periods in a frame period is further reduced, namely, the frame period is compressed, so that the frame rate is improved.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A high frame rate ultrasonic full focusing imaging system realized based on FPGA is characterized by comprising:
the frame synchronization generation and control module is used for generating a frame synchronization signal of each frame according to a preset pulse excitation period and a preset array element excitation period;
the multi-array element excitation module is used for generating pulse excitation signals, sequentially exciting each array element to work and generating pulse signals with fixed pulse width during each excitation; in each pulse excitation period, the number of array elements excited by the multi-array element excitation module is greater than or equal to 2;
the ultrasonic signal sampling module is used for converting the received pulse signal echo signal into a digital signal and respectively generating corresponding effective ultrasonic indication signals when each array element is excited according to a preset detection depth range;
the multi-group effective ultrasonic signal storage module is used for respectively storing a plurality of groups of acquired effective ultrasonic signals according to the digital signals and the effective ultrasonic indication signals;
the full-focusing sound path receiving module is used for receiving sound path data generated by the upper computer according to the preset resolution of the imaging focal number and the characteristic information of the detected object;
the full-aggregation sound path access module is used for storing the one-way sound path in the sound path data; wherein, the unidirectional sound path in the sound path data is a transmitting sound path or a receiving sound path;
the multiple groups of sound path generating modules are used for sequentially converting the sound paths into actual sound paths when each array element receives the sound paths according to the unidirectional sound paths input by the full-aggregation sound path access module; wherein the actual sound path is twice the unidirectional sound path;
the data processing control module is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to work in the current pulse excitation period in each pulse excitation period; the full-focusing sound path access module is used for controlling the full-focusing sound path access module to read out sound path data of the current pulse excitation period; and is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to carry out data superposition processing of the previous pulse excitation period;
the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules are used for superposing multiple groups of ultrasonic signal data input by the multiple groups of effective ultrasonic signal storage modules; the pulse excitation device is used for accumulating the signal data of each pulse excitation period in each frame period to obtain image data of each frame;
and the image processing module is used for converting the image data of each frame into gray image data and outputting the gray image data.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the data processing and controlling module is configured to control the multiple sets of ultrasound signal superposition modules to perform the operation of the current pulse excitation period in each pulse excitation period; the full-focusing sound path access module is used for controlling the full-focusing sound path access module to read out sound path data of the current pulse excitation period; and the ultrasonic signal superposition module is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to carry out data superposition processing of the previous pulse excitation period, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the data processing control module is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to carry out data superposition processing of the previous pulse excitation period in each pulse excitation period before the ultrasonic propagation time of the current excitation period starts;
and in each pulse excitation period, after the ultrasonic propagation time of the current excitation period is finished, the ultrasonic signal superposition module is used for controlling the multiple groups of ultrasonic signal superposition modules to work in the current pulse excitation period, and simultaneously, the full-focusing sound path access module is controlled to read out sound path data of the current pulse excitation period.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the image processing module is specifically configured to perform high-pass filtering processing and image smoothing processing on the image data of each frame, convert the image data into grayscale image data, and output the grayscale image data.
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