CN110926605B - Threshold identification method, circuit, terminal and medium based on single photon counting - Google Patents
Threshold identification method, circuit, terminal and medium based on single photon counting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a threshold identification method, a circuit, a terminal and a medium based on single photon counting. The method comprises the following steps: counting the metering signals to be measured, and determining photon metering numbers corresponding to a plurality of threshold points corresponding to a preset threshold range; constructing a corresponding curve according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range; and smoothing the curve, and analyzing the threshold information of the metering signal according to the smoothed curve. According to the method and the device, a corresponding curve is constructed through the counting result to analyze the threshold information of the metering signal of the curve after the smoothing treatment, so that the discrimination threshold is adjusted according to the analysis result, and the efficiency and convenience of the work of monitoring the multichannel dosage rate are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of single photon counting processing, in particular to a threshold identification method, circuit, terminal and medium based on single photon counting.
Background
Photon counting is photoelectron counting, and is characterized in that a photoelectric detection system is used for converting photon optical signals into electric pulse signals capable of being counted, and the electric signals are counted to represent light intensity.
In the radiation protection field, because the light-emitting photonic crystal has the characteristics of higher irradiation resistance, smaller detector volume and the like, the trend of light radiation monitoring through the light-emitting photonic crystal is. Because the single photon counter is a key technology for realizing the monitoring scheme of the light emission radiation, a single photon detection system is generally adopted in the related technology to realize the detection of the weak light signal intensity. The single photon signal amplification/discrimination and counting are important links of single photon detection, and are used for converting weak photoelectric signals output by a photomultiplier tube into transistor-transistor logic circuit (TTL) counting signals which can be directly received and processed by a computer and software.
In the related single photon counting equipment, the discrimination threshold is realized in a manual adjustment mode, the threshold is determined completely by manual experience or manual analysis of data, the process is time-consuming and easy to make mistakes, and the result consistency and accuracy are poor. Therefore, if the threshold is set too low, the measurement results may be mixed with excessive noise, affecting the measurement accuracy; if the threshold value is set to be too large, part of available data is abandoned in the measurement result, and the measurement efficiency of the light-release crystal is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly aims to provide a threshold identification method, a circuit, a terminal and a medium based on single photon counting, so as to solve the problem that threshold measurement efficiency of the photoelectronic technology in the prior art is low.
According to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a threshold identification method based on single photon counting, the method comprising:
counting the metering signals to be measured, and determining photon metering numbers corresponding to a plurality of threshold points corresponding to a preset threshold range;
constructing a corresponding curve according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the multiple threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range;
and smoothing the curve, and analyzing the metering signal according to the smoothed curve.
According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a threshold identification circuit based on single photon counting, the circuit comprising:
the photoelectron counting module is used for counting the metering signals to be measured and determining photon metering numbers corresponding to a plurality of threshold points corresponding to a preset threshold range;
the curve determining module is used for constructing a corresponding curve according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range;
and the result analysis processing module is used for smoothing the curve and carrying out threshold information of the metering signal according to the smoothed curve.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal, where the terminal includes:
the threshold identification method based on single photon counting comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the threshold identification method based on single photon counting.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing the single photon counting-based threshold value identification method.
In the embodiment of the application, the metering signals to be detected are counted, the photon metering numbers corresponding to a plurality of threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range are determined, and corresponding curves are constructed according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range, so that threshold information of the metering signals is analyzed according to the smoothed curves, the discrimination threshold is adjusted according to the analysis result, and the working efficiency and the convenience of monitoring the multichannel dosage rate are improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, serve to provide a further understanding of the application and to enable other features, objects, and advantages of the application to be more apparent. The drawings and their description illustrate the embodiments of the invention and do not limit it. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a single photon counting-based threshold identification method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of an application architecture of a single photon counting-based threshold identification method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a result of counting by an application architecture of a single photon counting-based threshold value identification method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic graph of a counting result constructed by an application architecture of a single photon counting-based threshold identification method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a result of smoothing a curve constructed by a counting result based on an application architecture of a single photon counting threshold value identification method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a single photon counting-based threshold value identification circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this application and the above-described drawings are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements explicitly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Example one
The embodiment of the application provides a threshold identification method based on single photon counting, which comprises a step S101, a step S102 and a step S103.
Step S101, counting the metering signals to be measured, and determining photon metering numbers corresponding to a plurality of threshold points corresponding to a preset threshold range.
In the embodiment of the application, the single photon counter counts the metering signals to be measured, and determines the photon metering number corresponding to each of the plurality of threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range. In specific application, the single photon counter can be set as an FPGA module.
Specifically, the lower threshold of the threshold range is V1 and the upper threshold Vh, and is generally set by a processor (e.g., an ARM processor).
Step S102, constructing a corresponding curve according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range.
In a specific application, one threshold point corresponds to one count value, so that (Vh-Vl)/Δ V points are shared between the upper threshold point Vh and the lower threshold point V1, and the discrete points and the corresponding count values form a discrete curve. For example, a control algorithm program running on the ARM processor sets a plurality of threshold points from Vh (upper threshold) to Vl (lower threshold) through the SPI bus, performs threshold scanning in steps of Δ V with a single step scanning time of t, and at the end of each single step cycle, the ARM processor reads the pulse count of the current threshold through the data bus with the FPGA. The corresponding pulse count of (Vh-Vl)/Δ V points can be obtained through the whole scanning process, and the whole scanning process takes time (Vh-V1)/Δ V × t, so that a count-threshold curve is formed.
And step S103, smoothing the curve, and analyzing the threshold information of the metering signal according to the smoothed curve.
According to the embodiment of the application, the metering signals to be measured are counted, the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range are determined, corresponding curves are constructed according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range, threshold information of the metering signals is analyzed according to the curves subjected to smoothing processing, the discrimination threshold is adjusted according to the analysis result, and then the follow-up working efficiency and convenience for monitoring the multichannel dosage rate are improved.
In one implementation, before counting the measurement signals to be measured in step S101, the method further includes:
step S1011 (not shown), determining a weak photoelectric signal to be detected;
step S1012 (not shown), the weak photoelectric signal is amplified, and the amplified weak photoelectric signal is converted to obtain a measurement signal.
Further, the step S1012 amplifies the weak photoelectric signal, and converts the amplified weak photoelectric signal, including:
based on a preset single photon pulse amplification module, carrying out amplification processing on a weak photoelectric signal;
filtering the amplified weak photoelectric signal based on a threshold discrimination module configured with a threshold range to obtain a corresponding CML signal;
and converting the CML signal into an LVDS signal, and using the LVDS signal as a metering signal.
Specifically, the CML signal can be converted into an LVDS signal through the preset level conversion module, and the output result of the threshold discrimination module is a high-speed differential CML signal, and the signal level specification supports a bandwidth of up to 10GHz and has a good common-mode interference holding capability. And the CML level is converted into an LVDS signal through the level conversion circuit, so that the requirement of the FPGA pin input level can be met, and the CML level is accessed to the FPGA module for counting.
Further, the step S1011 determines the weak photoelectric signal to be detected, including:
and determining a corresponding weak photoelectric signal based on a preset photomultiplier according to a preset sampling period.
Specifically, the sampling period is generally set by the processor, for example, to a scanning step Δ V, a single step scanning time t, and then weak light is obtained from the photomultiplier tube.
In another implementation manner, the step S103 performs a smoothing process on the curve, and analyzes the threshold information of the metering signal according to the smoothed curve, including:
and determining corresponding extreme points of the smooth curve based on the smooth curve and a predetermined extreme value algorithm.
Example two
The method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail with an architecture as shown in fig. 2.
The discrimination threshold determining circuit provided by the embodiment of the application comprises a single photon pulse amplification module, a threshold discrimination module, a level conversion module and a counting module, wherein the counting module comprises an FPGA chip and an ARM processor, and the method provided by the embodiment of the application is executed by utilizing the counting module. When the method is applied, an ARM processor is used for configuring a threshold range in a threshold discrimination module, namely the lower limit of the threshold is Vl and the upper limit of the threshold is Vh, and meanwhile, the scanning step length delta V for sampling from the single-tube sub-pulse output by the photomultiplier by a discrimination threshold determination circuit and the single-step scanning time t are set.
During application, weak light output by the hamamatsu photon light source can be introduced into the photomultiplier, sampling is carried out according to a scanning step length delta V and single-step scanning time t, and the sampling result is amplified by the single-photon pulse amplification module and processed into a signal with a 100mV level, for example.
Specifically, the FPGA chip is connected with the ARM processor through a data bus, so that the ARM processor reads the counting result from the FPGA chip.
Specifically, it is assumed that the result of counting according to the FPGA chip is shown in fig. 3, and a curve constructed according to the counting structure is shown in fig. 3, the curve has a large fluctuation, has many extreme points, and is not suitable for directly searching for the threshold point, so that the curve is subjected to gaussian smoothing filtering to obtain a smooth curve such as the smooth curve shown in fig. 4, and then the curve extreme points are obtained by using forward difference zero-crossing point calculation and combining with the gradient descent theory to obtain the smooth curve shown in fig. 5.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment of the application provides a threshold value identification circuit based on single photon counting, as shown in fig. 6, the circuit includes: an optoelectronic counting module 301, a curve processing module 302, and a result analyzing and processing module 303, wherein,
the photoelectron counting module 301 is configured to count a measurement signal to be measured, and determine photon measurement numbers corresponding to a plurality of threshold points corresponding to a preset threshold range;
a curve processing module 302, configured to construct a corresponding curve according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range;
and the result analysis processing module 303 is configured to smooth the curve and perform threshold information of the metering signal according to the smoothed curve.
According to the embodiment of the application, the metering signals to be measured are counted, the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range are determined, corresponding curves are constructed according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range, threshold information of the metering signals is analyzed according to the curves subjected to smoothing processing, the discrimination threshold is adjusted according to the analysis result, and then the follow-up working efficiency and convenience for monitoring the multichannel dosage rate are improved.
Further, before the optoelectronic counting module counts the measurement signals to be measured, the optoelectronic counting module is further configured to:
determining a weak photoelectric signal to be detected;
and amplifying the weak photoelectric signal, and converting the amplified weak photoelectric signal to obtain a metering signal.
Further, the optoelectronic counting module is configured to:
based on a preset single photon pulse amplification module, amplifying the weak photoelectric signal;
filtering the amplified weak photoelectric signal based on a threshold discrimination module configured with a threshold range to obtain a corresponding CML signal;
and converting the CML signal into an LVDS signal, and using the LVDS signal as a metering signal.
Further, the optoelectronic counting module determines a weak photoelectric signal to be detected, and includes:
and determining a corresponding weak photoelectric signal based on a preset photomultiplier according to a preset sampling period.
Further, the result analysis processing module is used for:
and determining corresponding extreme points of the smooth curve based on the smooth curve and a preset extreme value algorithm.
The single photon counting-based threshold value identification circuit of the embodiment can execute the single photon counting-based threshold value identification method shown in the first embodiment of the present application, and the implementation principles are similar, and are not described herein again.
Example four
An embodiment of the present application provides a terminal, including: the device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the threshold identification method based on single photon counting.
In particular, the processor may be a CPU, general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, transistor logic device, hardware component, or any combination thereof. Which may implement or perform the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure. A processor may also be a combination of computing functions, e.g., comprising one or more microprocessors, a DSP and a microprocessor, or the like.
In particular, the processor is coupled to the memory via a bus, which may include a path for communicating information. The bus may be a PCI bus or an EISA bus, etc. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc.
The memory may be, but is not limited to, a ROM or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a RAM or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, an EEPROM, a CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, optical disk storage (including compact disk, laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk, blu-ray disk, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
Optionally, the memory is used for storing codes of computer programs for executing the scheme of the application, and the processor is used for controlling the execution. The processor is configured to execute application program codes stored in the memory to implement the actions of the single photon counting based threshold identification circuit provided by the embodiment shown in fig. 6.
According to the embodiment of the application, the metering signals to be measured are counted, the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range are determined, corresponding curves are constructed according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range, threshold information of the metering signals is analyzed according to the curves subjected to smoothing processing, the discrimination threshold is adjusted according to the analysis result, and then the follow-up working efficiency and convenience for monitoring the multichannel dosage rate are improved.
EXAMPLE five
The embodiment of the application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer-executable instructions, wherein the computer-executable instructions are used for executing the threshold identification method based on single photon counting.
According to the embodiment of the application, the metering signals to be measured are counted, the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range are determined, corresponding curves are constructed according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range, threshold information of the metering signals is analyzed according to the curves subjected to smoothing processing, the discrimination threshold is adjusted according to the analysis result, and then the follow-up working efficiency and convenience for monitoring the multichannel dosage rate are improved.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, wherein the units illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, i.e. may be located in one place, or may also be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps, systems, and methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A threshold value identification method based on single photon counting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
counting the metering signals to be measured, and determining photon metering numbers corresponding to a plurality of threshold points corresponding to a preset threshold range;
constructing a corresponding curve according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range;
smoothing the curve, and analyzing the threshold information of the metering signal according to the smoothed curve;
the smoothing of the curve and the analysis of the threshold information of the metering signal according to the smoothed curve include: calculating curve extreme points of the smoothed curve in a mode of combining forward difference zero-crossing calculation with a gradient descent theory to obtain corresponding smooth curve extreme points;
before counting the metering signals to be measured, the method further comprises the following steps:
determining a weak photoelectric signal to be detected;
and amplifying the weak photoelectric signal, and converting the amplified weak photoelectric signal to obtain the metering signal.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amplifying the weak photoelectric signal and converting the amplified weak photoelectric signal comprises:
based on a preset single-photon pulse amplification module, amplifying the weak photoelectric signal;
filtering the amplified weak photoelectric signal based on a threshold discrimination module configured with the threshold range to obtain a corresponding current mode logic signal;
and converting the current mode logic signal into a low voltage differential signal, and taking the low voltage differential signal as the metering signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the weak optoelectronic signal to be measured comprises:
and determining a corresponding weak photoelectric signal based on a preset photomultiplier according to a preset sampling period.
4. A threshold identification circuit based on single photon counting, comprising:
the photoelectron counting module is used for counting the metering signals to be measured and determining photon metering numbers corresponding to a plurality of threshold points corresponding to a preset threshold range;
the curve determining module is used for constructing a corresponding curve according to the photon metering numbers corresponding to the threshold points corresponding to the preset threshold range;
the result analysis processing module is used for carrying out smoothing processing on the curve and analyzing the threshold information of the metering signal according to the smoothed curve;
the result analysis processing module is used for:
solving curve extreme points of the curve based on the smoothing treatment by adopting a mode of combining forward difference zero-crossing point solving and a gradient descent theory to obtain corresponding smooth curve extreme points;
before the photoelectron counting module counts the metering signals to be measured, the photoelectron counting module is also used for:
determining a weak photoelectric signal to be detected;
and amplifying the weak photoelectric signal, and converting the amplified weak photoelectric signal to obtain the metering signal.
5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the optoelectronic counting module is configured to:
based on a preset single-photon pulse amplification module, amplifying the weak photoelectric signal;
filtering the amplified weak photoelectric signal based on a threshold discrimination module configured with the threshold range to obtain a corresponding current mode logic signal;
converting the current mode logic signal to a low voltage differential signal and using the low voltage differential signal as the metering signal.
6. A terminal, comprising: memory, processor and computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the single photon count based threshold identification method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
7. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for performing the single photon counting-based thresholding method of any of claims 1-3.
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