CN110926351B - Method for measuring thickness of coating or plating layer of light steel keel for building - Google Patents
Method for measuring thickness of coating or plating layer of light steel keel for building Download PDFInfo
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- CN110926351B CN110926351B CN201911394867.9A CN201911394867A CN110926351B CN 110926351 B CN110926351 B CN 110926351B CN 201911394867 A CN201911394867 A CN 201911394867A CN 110926351 B CN110926351 B CN 110926351B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0616—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the thickness of a coating or a plating layer of a light steel keel for a building, belonging to the technical field of building material detection. S1) cross-section processing: carrying out pretreatment such as grinding and polishing on the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building; s2) calibration: calibrating the three-dimensional microscope system; s3) photographing: shooting the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building; s4) analysis processing: and the processing terminal displays the picture of the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building, and substitutes the effective coefficient k ' and the line distance d ' into the standard curved surface h = f (d, k) to obtain the thickness h ' to be measured of the part to be measured. The invention can quickly and accurately measure the thickness of the coating or plating layer of the light steel keel for the building, can continuously measure the thickness, is not influenced by the size, the shape and the measuring conditions of an object to be measured, particularly the environmental conditions and other factors, can eliminate human errors, and is more accurate than the traditional pixel comparison method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building material detection, in particular to a method for measuring the thickness of a coating or a plating layer of a light steel keel for a building.
Background
At present, the light steel keel for the building in China is very commonly used, and is widely used from public buildings to common people houses. The light steel keel for the building in China is basically developed and produced by adopting a Japanese system, an Australian American system and a Yuanxide system at the initial stage, and various systems are mutually fused in the production process so as to develop rapidly. However, as the technology of light steel keels for construction is gradually developed and the market is gradually expanded year by year, some new types of keels gradually eliminate some old types.
The thickness of the double-sided galvanized layer is an important index for evaluating the anti-corrosion capability of the light steel keel for the building, the double-sided galvanized layer is used as a framework material of a suspended ceiling and a non-bearing partition wall, the anti-corrosion capability of the light steel keel for the building directly influences the structural strength of the suspended ceiling and a wall body, the collapse phenomenon of a suspended ceiling layer caused by the keel exists, and great threat is brought to life safety. The related indexes and the testing method about the thickness of the double-sided galvanized layer in the existing national standard of the light steel keel for the building are greatly influenced by the actual testing environment and testing personnel, and the great divergence of supply and demand parties is easily caused in the actual production life. With the rapid development of national economy, the production and usage of the light steel keel for the building are inevitably developed more, and more strict specifications are necessary to be carried out on the product quality of the light steel keel for the building.
The traditional method for measuring by comparing the corresponding relation between the pixel of the shot picture and the actual size has larger human error, because the resolving power of different human eyes is different, the positions of the measuring points selected by different human eyes for identifying are different, and the final thickness measuring result has error. Therefore, it is a technical problem that those skilled in the art are trying to solve to design a measuring method capable of rapidly and accurately obtaining the thickness of the coating and the plating layer of the light steel keel for construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the thickness of a coating or plating layer of a light steel keel for a building, which can quickly and accurately measure the thickness of the coating or plating layer of the light steel keel for the building, can continuously measure the thickness of the coating or plating layer of the light steel keel for the building, cannot be influenced by factors such as the size, the shape and the surface pollution of an object to be measured, and can measure the thickness of the coating or plating layer of the light steel keel for the building with different thicknesses and complicated cross sections.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the thickness of a coating or a plating layer of a light steel keel for buildings comprises the following steps:
s1) cross-section processing: carrying out pretreatment such as grinding and polishing on the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building;
s2) calibration: calibrating the three-dimensional microscope system; the calibration steps are as follows:
shooting the sections of a plurality of standard gauge blocks with a series of thicknesses verified or calibrated by a national legal metrological verification department;
the processing terminal displays the shot pictures of the plurality of standard gauge blocks, corresponding two points are selected on the edge of a coating or a plating layer displayed by the pictures to serve as a part with standard thickness to be measured, horizontal pixels and vertical pixels of the picture of the part with the standard thickness to be measured are analyzed, horizontal lines and vertical lines are added on the existing pictures to restore the pictures to 100% definition, the selected corresponding two points are located on the boundary of the part with the standard thickness to be measured, and therefore effective coefficients k1, k2 and k3 … of each picture are obtained, and the horizontal lines and the vertical lines are composed of a plurality of pixels; simultaneously recording line distances d1, d2 and d3 … of the part to be measured, wherein the line distance d is the distance between horizontal lines or vertical lines after the picture is adjusted to be 100% of definition, inputting the corresponding actual standard thicknesses h1, h2 and h3 … of each standard gauge block into a processing terminal, and the processing terminal calculates a standard curved surface h = f (d, k) according to the effective coefficients of a series of standard gauge block pictures and the line distance of the part to be measured in a fitting mode;
s3) photographing: shooting the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building;
s4) analysis processing: and the processing terminal displays a picture of the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building, selects two corresponding points on the edge of the part to be measured as the position of the thickness to be measured, and obtains an effective coefficient k ' and a line distance d ' by the same method of the step S2) and substitutes the effective coefficient k ' and the line distance d ' into the standard curved surface h = f (d, k) to obtain the thickness h ' to be measured of the part to be measured.
Further, the processing of the section to be measured of the light steel keel for construction in the step S1) is processed according to the processing method of grinding and polishing in metallographical analysis, so as to obtain the section with mirror surface degree.
Further, the shooting action in the step S3) should be performed on the day after the section of the side part is processed, so as to prevent the section from being oxidized due to the influence on the measurement effect caused by too long time.
Further, the measuring position of the thickness to be measured in step S4) is selected by manually selecting two corresponding points on the edge of the part to be measured on the photo as the position of the thickness to be measured, adjusting the photo to 100% definition to obtain a line distance d ' and an effective coefficient k ', and the processing terminal automatically gives the actual size h ' = f (d ', k ') of the selected position; if multiple thickness values are desired, multiple locations may be manually selected.
Furthermore, the continuous measuring action can be repeatedly shot and analyzed after one-time calibration, and the three-dimensional microscope system should be calibrated before shooting each time by the discontinuous measuring action.
Furthermore, the thickness of the standard gauge block is from 10um to 1 mm; at least 8 proof masses are used for calibration.
The method for measuring the thickness of the coating or the plating layer of the light steel keel for the building, provided by the invention, has the following beneficial effects that:
the method for measuring the thickness of the coating or the coating of the light steel keel for the building, provided by the invention, firstly gets rid of the traditional measuring mode of using a coating thickness gauge, obtains the size information of the coating or the coating by shooting the standard gauge block and the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building and analyzing the shot picture, has clear, accurate and intuitive measuring points selected during measurement, can find out various thickness characteristic points with different uniformity degrees of the same thickness section according to the needs, and has quicker and more accurate measuring process; secondly, the traditional method for measuring by comparing the corresponding relation between the pixel of the shot picture and the actual size has larger human error, because the resolution capability of different human eyes is different, and the positions of the measuring points which are identified and selected by different human eyes are different. The method for measuring the thickness of the coating or the plating layer of the light steel keel for the building can thoroughly solve the two problems and provides an accurate acceptance basis for acceptance of engineering materials in practical application.
The existing measuring method and the measuring method of the invention measure the same thickness, and the measuring precision is obviously improved. The standard gauge block with the standard thickness of 17.6um is measured, under different time and temperature and humidity conditions, the relative error of the measurement result of the existing measurement method is 50%, the error range of the measurement result of the invention is 0.2um, and the relative error range is 1.1%; the standard gauge block with the standard thickness of 48.4um is measured, under different time and temperature and humidity conditions, the error range of the measurement result of the existing measurement method is 10um, the relative error range is 20%, the error range of the measurement result of the invention is 1um, and the relative error range is 2%. From the two groups of data, the measuring method is more accurate, and the influence of temperature and humidity on measurement is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a measuring apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a standard gauge block fitted surface plot;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of sharpness adjustment;
FIG. 5 is a curved surface for calculating the thickness of a portion to be measured;
wherein: 1-processing a terminal; 2-a shooting controller; 3-a measuring platform; 31-a three-dimensional microscope; 32-a fixed support; 33-a sample holder; 34-motor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
A method for measuring the thickness of a coating or plating layer of a light steel keel for buildings comprises the following steps:
s1) cross-section processing: the cross section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building is processed, and the cross section with the mirror surface degree can be obtained according to a grinding and polishing processing method in metal metallographic analysis in the processing process. The section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building can be ground, polished and the like by abrasive paper, and the abrasive paper from thick to thin is used for sequentially grinding. In the treatment process, the cross section of the light steel keel for the building to be detected is fixed in a proper mode, so that the light steel keel is prevented from deforming in the treatment process.
The light steel keel for the building to be measured is cut in the length direction on the premise of not damaging the section to be measured of the light steel keel, so that the length of the light steel keel is slightly smaller than the depth of a sample holder of a three-dimensional microscopic system.
S2) calibration: calibrating the three-dimensional microscope system; the calibration steps are as follows:
shooting the sections of a plurality of standard gauge blocks with a series of thicknesses verified or calibrated by a national legal metrological verification department; the thickness of the standard gauge block is from 10um to 1 mm; at least 8 proof masses are used for calibration.
Processing a photo of the plurality of standard gauge blocks shot by a terminal display, selecting two corresponding points on the edge of a coating or plating layer displayed by the photo as a standard thickness part to be measured, analyzing horizontal pixels and vertical pixels of the photo of the standard thickness part to be measured, and reducing the photo to 100% definition by adding horizontal lines and vertical lines on the existing photo to obtain effective coefficients k1, k2 and k3 … of each photo because the two points of the standard thickness part to be measured cannot be just selected on the boundary of the thickness to be measured due to the limitation of aperture effect and human eye recognition definition, wherein the horizontal lines and the vertical lines are composed of a plurality of pixels, the horizontal lines and the vertical lines are determined according to the theory of aperture effect, and the line distances d1, d2 and d3 … of the part to be measured are recorded at the same time, and the line distances d are distances between the horizontal lines or between the vertical lines after the photo is adjusted to 100% definition After the picture is adjusted to 100% definition, the spacing between the horizontal lines or the spacing between the vertical lines is equal. And then inputting the corresponding actual standard thicknesses h1, h2 and h3 … of each standard gauge block into a processing terminal, and fitting the processing terminal to calculate a standard curved surface h = f (d, k) according to the effective coefficients of a series of standard gauge block photos and the line distance of the part to be measured.
The aperture effect is a phenomenon that when the spot size of a scanning electron beam is as small as or close to the spot size of object details or image details, image details of the corresponding size are blurred, that is, the image definition is limited by the aperture size of the electron beam.
The standard gauge block in the calibration process is verified or calibrated by a national legal metrological department, and the thickness value of the standard gauge block is an actual thickness value given on a verification or calibration certificate, but not a nominal thickness value explicitly shown on a gauge block certification.
The continuous measuring action can be repeatedly shot and analyzed after one calibration, and the discontinuous measuring action should be calibrated before shooting each time.
S3) photographing: shooting the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building; the shooting action is carried out on the same day after the section of the piece to be measured is processed, so that the influence of section oxidation on the measurement effect due to overlong time is prevented.
S4) analysis processing: and the processing terminal displays a picture of the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building, selects two corresponding points on the edge of the part to be measured as the position of the thickness to be measured, and obtains an effective coefficient k ' and a line distance d ' by the same method of the step S2) and substitutes the effective coefficient k ' and the line distance d ' into the fitting curved surface h = f (d, k), so as to obtain the thickness h ' to be measured of the part to be measured.
During measurement, two points at one position or two points at different positions are selected for multiple times at the edge of the coating or the plating layer to be measured of the photo according to the actual conditions such as the uniformity of the thickness of the coating or the plating layer of the piece to be measured, and the thickness values corresponding to the currently selected two points are obtained after each time of selection.
The measurement position of the thickness of the coating or the plating layer of the piece to be measured is selected manually on the picture, the actual size of the selected position is automatically given by the processing terminal, and if a plurality of thickness values are required, a plurality of positions can be manually selected.
When the processing terminal is used, the pictures taken by the three-dimensional microscope system can be directly transmitted to the processing terminal for display, and the pictures are analyzed according to the step S4). And other conversion steps are not needed, so that errors caused by multiple processing of different software are reduced.
The continuous measurement of the same section to be measured can be directly carried out by repeating the analysis step. The continuous measurement of different sections to be measured can be carried out by repeating the shooting step and the analysis step. The non-continuous measurement should recalibrate the software each time a calibration is started before a subsequent measurement activity can be performed.
The three-dimensional microscope system hardware measuring device used in the method for measuring the thickness of the coating or the plating layer of the light steel keel for the building is shown in figure 2 and comprises a measuring platform 3, a shooting controller 2 and a processing terminal 1, wherein the measuring platform 3 comprises a fixed support 32, a three-dimensional microscope 31 and a sample holder 33, the three-dimensional microscope 31 and the sample holder 33 are installed on the fixed support 32, a motor 34 is installed below the fixed support 32, and the motor 34 controls the fixed support 32 to move up and down through a screw rod structure. The shooting controller 2 is connected with the motor 34 and controls the operation of the motor 34 so as to control the three-dimensional microscope 31 to move up and down on the fixed bracket 32; the three-dimensional microscope 31 is connected with the processing terminal 1, the processing terminal 1 is a portable computer, and the portable computer can directly import pictures shot by the three-dimensional microscope to be processed by the method. The sample holder 33 is a bench vice, when the device is used, a sample to be measured is installed on the sample holder 33, the shooting controller 33 controls and adjusts the distance of the three-dimensional microscope 31 to achieve the optimal shooting position, and after a picture is shot, the picture is sent to the processing terminal 1 for processing.
The sample holder 33 of the three-dimensional microscopic system is a pincer-shaped platform which can freely slide up and down, the upper surface of the pincer-shaped platform is horizontal, positioning pins are arranged on two sides and below the platform, the positioning pins on two sides can hold a piece to be measured, the positioning pins below the platform can stop the vertical sliding of the sample holder at any height, and a ruler is arranged on the fixed support and used for determining the current height position of the upper surface of the platform.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring the thickness of a coating or a plating layer of a light steel keel for buildings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1) cross-section processing: carrying out pretreatment including grinding and polishing on the section to be detected of the light steel keel for the building;
s2) calibration: calibrating the three-dimensional microscope system; the calibration steps are as follows:
shooting the sections of a plurality of standard gauge blocks with a series of thicknesses verified or calibrated by a national legal metrological verification department;
the processing terminal displays the shot pictures of the plurality of standard gauge blocks, corresponding two points are selected on the edge of a coating or a plating layer displayed by the pictures to serve as a part with the standard thickness to be detected, horizontal pixels and vertical pixels of the pictures with the part with the standard thickness to be detected are analyzed, horizontal lines and vertical lines are added on the pictures to restore the pictures to be 100% of definition, the selected corresponding two points are positioned on the boundary of the part with the standard thickness to be detected, and therefore effective coefficients k1, k2 and k3 … of each picture are obtained, and the horizontal lines and the vertical lines are composed of a plurality of pixels; simultaneously recording line distances d1, d2 and d3 … of the part to be measured, wherein the line distance d is the distance between horizontal lines or vertical lines after the picture is adjusted to be 100% of definition, inputting the corresponding actual standard thicknesses h1, h2 and h3 … of each standard gauge block into a processing terminal, and the processing terminal calculates a standard curved surface h = f (d, k) according to the effective coefficients of a series of standard gauge block pictures and the line distance of the part to be measured in a fitting mode;
s3) photographing: shooting the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building;
s4) analysis processing: and the processing terminal displays a picture of the section to be measured of the light steel keel for the building, selects two corresponding points on the edge of the part to be measured as the position of the thickness to be measured, and obtains an effective coefficient k ' and a line distance d ' by the same method of the step S2) and substitutes the effective coefficient k ' and the line distance d ' into the standard curved surface h = f (d, k) to obtain the thickness h ' to be measured of the part to be measured.
2. The method for measuring the thickness of a coating or plating layer on a light gauge steel for construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing of the section to be measured of the light gauge steel for construction in step S1) is performed according to the processing method of grinding and polishing in metallography analysis to obtain a section with a mirror surface degree.
3. The method for measuring the thickness of the coating or plating layer on the light steel keel for building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photographing in step S3) is performed on the day after the cross section of the side part is processed, so as to prevent the cross section from being oxidized due to too long time and affecting the measurement effect.
4. The method for measuring the thickness of the coating or the plating layer of the light steel keel for buildings according to claim 1, wherein the measuring position of the thickness to be measured in the step S4) is selected by manually selecting two corresponding points on the edge of the part to be measured on the photo as the position of the thickness to be measured, adjusting the photo to 100% definition to obtain a line distance d ' and an effective coefficient k ', and automatically giving the actual size h ' = f (d ', k ') of the selected position by the processing terminal; if multiple thickness values are desired, multiple locations may be manually selected.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photographing and analyzing process is repeated after a calibration for continuous measuring actions, and the three-dimensional microscope system is calibrated before the photographing for each continuous measuring actions.
6. The method for measuring the thickness of the coating or plating layer of the light steel keel for buildings according to claim 1, wherein the standard gauge blocks have a thickness ranging from 10um to 1 mm; at least 8 proof masses are used for calibration.
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