CN110924928B - Test device and method for testing annular flow pressure drop of irregular well bore section - Google Patents
Test device and method for testing annular flow pressure drop of irregular well bore section Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a method for testing annular flow pressure drop of an irregular well bore section, wherein the device comprises an experiment base, a fluid pool, a circulating pump, a simulated well bore, a simulated pipeline, a simulated drill rod, a flowmeter, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, the simulated well bore comprises a first regular well bore section, a second regular well bore section and a replaceable irregular well bore section, the other end of the second regular well bore section is communicated with the fluid pool, the flowmeter is arranged on the simulated drill rod, the first pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of the replaceable irregular well bore section, the second pressure sensor is arranged at the lower end of the replaceable irregular well bore section, one end of the simulated drill rod is communicated with the first regular well bore section, the other end of the simulated drill rod is connected with one end of the simulated pipeline, and the other end of the simulated pipeline is communicated with the fluid pool. The method is beneficial to the rapid calculation and determination of the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section, thereby providing support for accurately calculating the annular pressure profile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum engineering drilling, in particular to a test device and a method for testing annular flow pressure drop of an irregular borehole section.
Background
In the drilling process, the phenomenon of well diameter expansion is very common under the influence of stratum crushing and heterogeneity, the well wall surface is irregular, and irregular well bores such as 'bellies' or 'sugar-coated haws' can be formed due to nonuniform expansion sometimes. When fluid flows in an annulus, the expanding and irregular well bores can influence the annular flow pressure drop, so that the annular pressure profile is influenced, and accidents such as well kick, well leakage and the like are easily caused if the calculation is inaccurate for the stratum with a narrow density window. Therefore, it is very important to quickly and accurately calculate the annular fluid flow pressure drop, and the related standards in the oil and gas industry at present all assume that the well wall is a regular smooth well bore when calculating the annular fluid flow pressure drop, and have a certain difference from the actual working condition, so that the calculation is not accurate enough. Thus, the prior art has yet to be improved and enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the test device and the method for testing the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section, which are beneficial to the rapid calculation and determination of the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section, and further provide support for accurately calculating the annular pressure profile.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a test device of test irregular borehole section annular flow pressure drop, includes experiment base, fluid bath, circulating pump, simulation well, simulation pipeline, simulation drilling rod, flowmeter, first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor, the simulation well includes first regular borehole section, second regular borehole section and removable irregular borehole section, removable irregular borehole section is arc concave surface borehole section, the one end of first regular borehole section and the fluid bath all fix on the experiment base, the lower extreme of removable irregular borehole section with the other end of first regular borehole section can be dismantled and be connected, the upper end of removable irregular borehole section with the one end of second regular borehole section can be dismantled and be connected, the other end of second regular borehole section with the fluid bath intercommunication, the flowmeter sets up on the simulation drilling rod, first pressure sensor sets up the upper end department of removable irregular borehole section, second pressure sensor sets up the lower end department of removable irregular borehole section, the one end of simulation drilling rod with first regular borehole section intercommunication, the other end of simulation drilling rod connects the one end of simulation pipeline, the other end of simulation pipeline with the fluid bath intercommunication, the circulating pump sets up on the simulation pipeline.
A method of testing annular flow pressure drop in irregular wellbore sections, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a test device for testing annular flow pressure drop of the irregular well bore section according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and acquiring the outer diameter of a simulation drill rod, the size of the simulation well bore and the axial length and the maximum radial size of the replaceable irregular well bore section;
step two: preparing a test drilling fluid according to an actual drilling fluid system formula, and obtaining the density, the plastic viscosity and the dynamic shear force of the test drilling fluid;
step three: injecting the prepared testing drilling fluid into a fluid pool, starting a circulating pump, obtaining the upper end pressure and the lower end pressure of the replaceable irregular well bore section tested by the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor under different circulating discharge capacities, and calculating the annular flow pressure drop of the replaceable irregular well bore section;
step four: replacing the replaceable irregular wellbore section with different axial length and maximum radial size, and repeating the third step;
step five: repeating the step four, and obtaining annular flow pressure drop of a plurality of different replaceable irregular borehole sections under different circulation discharge capacities when the test drilling fluid is used for testing;
step six: carrying out nonlinear least square data fitting on the obtained data by adopting an nlifit function to obtain a relational expression of annular flow pressure drop of an irregular well bore section, the outer diameter of a simulation drill rod, the size of a simulation well bore, the density of drilling fluid, plastic viscosity, dynamic shear force, axial length, maximum radial size and circulating displacement;
step seven: and substituting the drilling data of the irregular borehole section of the actual borehole into the relational expression to obtain the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section of the actual borehole.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for testing the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section provided by the invention comprise an experiment base, a fluid pool, a circulating pump, a simulated borehole, a simulated pipeline, a simulated drill rod, a flowmeter, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, wherein the simulated borehole comprises a first regular borehole section, a second regular borehole section and a replaceable irregular borehole section, the other end of the second regular borehole section is communicated with the fluid pool, the flowmeter is arranged on the simulated drill rod, the first pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of the replaceable irregular borehole section, the second pressure sensor is arranged at the lower end of the replaceable irregular borehole section, one end of the simulated drill rod is communicated with the first regular borehole section, the other end of the simulated drill rod is connected with one end of the simulated pipeline, and the other end of the simulated pipeline is communicated with the fluid pool. The method is beneficial to the rapid calculation and determination of the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section, thereby providing support for accurately calculating the annular pressure profile.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the testing device for annular flow pressure drop in irregular wellbore sections provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a method of testing annular flow pressure drop in an irregular wellbore section according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the step S700 in the method for testing annular flow pressure drop of an irregular wellbore section according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a test device and a method for testing annular flow pressure drop of an irregular borehole section, and in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and clearer, the invention is further described in detail by referring to the attached drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the testing apparatus for testing annular flow pressure drop of an irregular wellbore section according to the present invention, the testing apparatus includes an experiment base 1, a fluid reservoir 2, a circulation pump 3, a simulated wellbore 4, a simulated pipeline 5, a simulated drill pipe 6, a flow meter 7, a first pressure sensor 8, and a second pressure sensor 9, the simulated wellbore 4 includes a first regular wellbore section 41, a second regular wellbore section 42, and a replaceable irregular wellbore section 43, the replaceable irregular wellbore section 43 is an arc-shaped concave wellbore section, one end of the first regular wellbore section 41 and the fluid reservoir 2 are fixed on the experiment base 1, a lower end of the replaceable irregular wellbore section 43 is detachably connected to the other end of the first regular wellbore section 41, an upper end of the replaceable irregular wellbore section 43 is detachably connected to one end of the second regular wellbore section 42, the other end of the second regular wellbore section 42 is communicated with the fluid reservoir 2, the flow meter 7 is disposed on the simulated wellbore 6, the first pressure sensor 8 is disposed at an upper end of the replaceable irregular wellbore section 43, the second regular wellbore section is disposed on the simulated pipeline 5, and the simulated pipeline 6 is communicated with the simulated pipeline 5.
In particular, the outer diameter of the simulated drill rod 6 may be 127mm, 139.7mm; simulating borehole dimension R b The replaceable irregular borehole section 43 is connected with the other end of the first regular borehole section 41 through a sealing screw thread 10, the upper end of the replaceable irregular borehole section 43 is connected with one end of the second regular borehole section 42 through the sealing screw thread 10, so that the replaceable irregular borehole section 43 can be conveniently replaced, a rough belt is laid inside the replaceable irregular borehole section 43 to simulate an actual irregular borehole, and the axial dimension delta L of the replaceable irregular borehole section is set according to the standard that the pressure sensor 1 and the pressure sensor 2 can effectively identify the annular flow pressure drop of the simulated boreholeThe maximum radial dimension delta R of the replaceable irregular well bore model can simulate the well bore expansion rate by 10% -100%, a plurality of sets of replaceable irregular well bore models with different axial lengths delta L and different maximum radial dimensions delta R can be established under the condition that the flow pressure drop of the replaceable simulated well bore section can be effectively identified, and the specific number of sets is determined according to the common well bore expansion rate of a specific block of an oil field and the axial length of the irregular well bore section (the axial length exceeds the simulation capability of an experimental device and can be realized by subdividing the irregular well bore section).
Based on the test device, please refer to fig. 2, the invention correspondingly provides a method for testing annular flow pressure drop of an irregular wellbore section, which comprises the following steps:
s100, building a test device for testing annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section, and obtaining the outer diameter of the simulated drill rod, the size of the simulated borehole and the axial length and the maximum radial size of the replaceable irregular borehole section.
In this embodiment, the test device is the test device for testing annular flow pressure drop of the irregular wellbore section in the above embodiment, the outer diameter of the simulated drill rod, the size of the simulated wellbore, and the axial length and the maximum radial size of the replaceable irregular wellbore section can be directly obtained in the building process, preferably, the outer diameter of the simulated drill rod is 127mm or 139.7mm, and the size of the simulated wellbore is 215.9mm, 311.2mm, or 444.5mm.
S200, preparing a testing drilling fluid according to an actual drilling fluid system formula, and obtaining the density, the plastic viscosity and the dynamic shear force of the testing drilling fluid.
In the embodiment, the test drilling fluid is prepared by analyzing an actual drilling fluid system and a performance fluctuation range of a specific area of an oil field, in addition, a plurality of sets of similar fluids with the performance within the actual drilling fluid performance fluctuation range can be prepared, and the density, the plastic viscosity and the dynamic shear force of the test drilling fluid can be obtained in the preparation process.
S300, injecting the prepared testing drilling fluid into the fluid pool, starting a circulating pump, obtaining the upper end pressure and the lower end pressure of the replaceable irregular well bore section tested by the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor under different circulating discharge capacities, and calculating the annular flow pressure drop of the replaceable irregular well bore section.
In this embodiment, the circulating pump starts the back, can with inside the test drilling fluid in the fluid reservoir is taken out to the simulation well, this moment the first pressure sensor and the testable upper end pressure and the lower extreme pressure of the removable irregular well section of second pressure sensor, when the upper end and the lower extreme pressure under the different circulation discharge capacities of needs test, only need adjust the circulating pump, make the displacement change of circulating pump can obtain different circulation discharge capacities, later can calculate the annular space flow pressure drop of removable irregular well section, and is concrete, and the annular space flow pressure drop's of removable irregular well section computational formula is:
△P＝P 2 -P 1 -0.00981*ρ*△L，
wherein Δ P represents the annular flow pressure drop of the replaceable irregular wellbore section, P 2 Representing the lower pressure, P, of the replaceable irregular wellbore section as measured by the second pressure sensor 1 And the pressure of the upper end of the replaceable irregular well bore section obtained by testing the first pressure sensor is represented, rho represents the density of the testing drilling fluid, and DeltaL represents the axial length of the replaceable irregular well bore section.
S400, replacing the replaceable irregular wellbore section with different axial length and maximum radial size, and repeating the step S300.
In this embodiment, in order to test the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular wellbore sections with different axial lengths and maximum radial sizes, the sealing screw thread is only required to be removed, the replaceable irregular wellbore sections with different models are replaced, and the step S300 is repeated to obtain the annular flow pressure drop Δ P of the new replaceable irregular wellbore section under different conditions.
S500, repeating the step S400, and obtaining annular flow pressure drop of a plurality of different replaceable irregular borehole sections under different circulation displacement when the test drilling fluid is used for testing;
s600, nonlinear least square data fitting is carried out on the obtained data by adopting an nlifit function to obtain a relational expression of annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section, the outer diameter of a simulation drill rod, the size of the simulation borehole, the density of drilling fluid, plastic viscosity, dynamic shear force, axial length, maximum radial size and circulating displacement.
In this embodiment, the obtained data can be directly imported into MATLAB software, and nonlinear least squares data fitting is performed by using an nlifit function in the MATLAB software to obtain the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section and the simulated drill rod size R p Simulated borehole dimension R b The drilling fluid density rho, the plastic viscosity mu, the dynamic shear force tau, the axial length delta L, the maximum radial dimension delta R and the circulation displacement Q, wherein the relation between the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular well bore section and the simulated drill rod size, the simulated well bore size, the drilling fluid density, the plastic viscosity, the dynamic shear force, the axial length, the maximum radial dimension and the circulation displacement is as follows:
△P＝α 1 R p +α 2 R b +α 3 ρ+α 4 μ+α 5 τ+α 6 △L+α 7 △R+α 8 Q，
wherein Δ P represents the annular flow pressure drop of the replaceable irregular wellbore section, R p Indicating simulated drill pipe size, R b Representing the simulated borehole size, rho representing the density of the test drilling fluid, mu representing the plastic viscosity of the test drilling fluid, tau representing the dynamic shear force of the test drilling fluid, deltaL representing the axial length of the replaceable irregular borehole section, deltaR representing the maximum radial dimension of the replaceable irregular borehole section, Q representing the cyclic displacement of the test drilling fluid, alpha 1 、α 2 、α 3 、α 4 、α 5 、α 6 、α 7 、α 8 All are coefficients obtained by fitting.
And S700, substituting the drilling data of the irregular borehole section of the actual borehole into the relational expression to obtain the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section of the actual borehole.
In this embodiment, after obtaining the relational expression between the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular wellbore section and the simulated drill pipe size, the simulated wellbore size, the drilling fluid density, the plastic viscosity, the dynamic shear force, the axial length, the maximum radial dimension, and the circulation displacement, the drilling data of the irregular wellbore section of the actual wellbore may be directly substituted into the relational expression for calculation, and the specific flowchart of step S700 is shown in fig. 3.
Please refer to fig. 3, which is a specific flowchart of the step S700, including the following steps:
s701, acquiring drilling data of an actual borehole and series of hole diameter data of an open hole section of the actual borehole;
s702, drawing a hole diameter curve graph according to the hole diameter series data, and acquiring the axial length delta L of the irregular hole diameter section selected from the hole diameter curve graph i And maximum radial dimension Δ R i ；
S703, setting the axial length Delta L of the irregular borehole section i And a maximum radial dimension Δ R i And substituting the drilling data into the relational expression to obtain the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section of the actual borehole.
In particular, the drilling data includes at least a drill pipe outer diameter R pi Borehole dimension R bi Drilling fluid density ρ i Drilling fluid plastic viscosity mu i Drilling fluid cutting force tau i And drilling fluid circulation discharge capacity Q i The caliper data includes at least depth H j And well diameter D j Wherein j is a natural number from 1 to n, j is a serial number of a borehole diameter logging section, n is the number of sections of the borehole diameter logging section, and the drilling data and the borehole diameter series data can be directly obtained from construction records, so that the annular flowing pressure drop of the irregular borehole section of the actual borehole can be directly calculated by substituting the drilling data and the borehole diameter series data into the relational expression.
It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of fig. 2 and 3 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
In addition, some or all of the steps of the method for testing annular flow pressure drop of irregular wellbore sections according to the present invention may be implemented by a program instructing associated hardware (e.g., a processor), and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, and the like. The present invention is not limited to any specific form of combination of hardware and software.
In conclusion, the method and the device are beneficial to quickly calculating and determining the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section, so that support is provided for accurately calculating the annular pressure profile.
It should be understood that equivalents and modifications of the technical solution and inventive concept thereof may occur to those skilled in the art, and all such modifications and alterations should fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a test device of test irregular borehole section annular space flow pressure drop, its characterized in that includes experiment base, fluid pond, circulating pump, simulation well, simulation pipeline, simulation drilling rod, flowmeter, first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor, the simulation well includes first regular borehole section, second regular borehole section and removable irregular borehole section, removable irregular borehole section is arc concave surface borehole section, the one end of first regular borehole section and the fluid pond are all fixed on the experiment base, the lower extreme of removable irregular borehole section with the other end of first regular borehole section can be dismantled and be connected, the upper end of removable irregular borehole section with the one end of second regular borehole section can be dismantled and be connected, the other end of second regular borehole section with the fluid pond intercommunication, the flowmeter sets up on the simulation drilling rod, first pressure sensor sets up the upper end of removable irregular borehole section, second pressure sensor sets up the lower extreme of removable irregular borehole section, the one end of simulation borehole section with first regular borehole section intercommunication, the other end of simulation drilling rod connects the one end of simulation pipeline, the upper end of simulation pipeline and simulation drilling rod of simulation are in the fluid pond intercommunication.
2. The apparatus for testing annular flow pressure drop of irregular wellbore section according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the replaceable irregular wellbore section is connected with the other end of the first regular wellbore section through a sealing screw thread, and the upper end of the replaceable irregular wellbore section is connected with one end of the second regular wellbore section through a sealing screw thread.
3. The apparatus for testing annular flow pressure drop of irregular well bore sections according to claim 1, wherein the inner part of the replaceable irregular well bore section is coated with a rough belt.
4. A method for testing annular flow pressure drop of irregular well bore sections is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a test device for testing annular flow pressure drop of the irregular well bore section according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and acquiring the outer diameter of a simulation drill rod, the size of the simulation well bore and the axial length and the maximum radial size of the replaceable irregular well bore section;
step two: preparing a test drilling fluid according to an actual drilling fluid system formula, and obtaining the density, the plastic viscosity and the dynamic shear force of the test drilling fluid;
step three: injecting the prepared testing drilling fluid into a fluid pool, starting a circulating pump, obtaining the upper end pressure and the lower end pressure of the replaceable irregular well bore section tested by the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor under different circulating discharge capacities, and calculating the annular flow pressure drop of the replaceable irregular well bore section;
step four: replacing replaceable irregular well bore sections with different axial lengths and maximum radial sizes, and repeating the third step;
step five: repeating the step four, and obtaining annular flow pressure drop of a plurality of different replaceable irregular borehole sections under different circulation displacement when the test drilling fluid is used for testing;
step six: carrying out nonlinear least square data fitting on the obtained data by adopting an nlifit function to obtain a relational expression of annular flow pressure drop of an irregular well bore section, the outer diameter of a simulation drill rod, the size of a simulation well bore, the density of drilling fluid, plastic viscosity, dynamic shear force, axial length, maximum radial size and circulating displacement;
step seven: and substituting the drilling data of the irregular borehole section of the actual borehole into the relational expression to obtain the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section of the actual borehole.
5. The method for testing the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular wellbore section according to claim 4, wherein in the third step, the calculation formula of the annular flow pressure drop of the replaceable irregular wellbore section is as follows:
△P＝P 2 -P 1 -0.00981*ρ*△L，
wherein Δ P represents the annular flow pressure drop of the replaceable irregular wellbore section, P 2 Representing the lower pressure, P, of the replaceable irregular wellbore section measured by the second pressure sensor 1 And the pressure of the upper end of the replaceable irregular well bore section obtained by testing the first pressure sensor is represented, rho represents the density of the testing drilling fluid, and DeltaL represents the axial length of the replaceable irregular well bore section.
6. The method for testing the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular wellbore section according to claim 5, wherein in the sixth step, the relationship between the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular wellbore section and the simulated drill pipe size, the simulated wellbore size, the drilling fluid density, the plastic viscosity, the dynamic shear force, the axial length, the maximum radial size and the circulation displacement is as follows:
△P＝α 1 R p +α 2 R b +α 3 ρ+α 4 μ+α 5 τ+α 6 △L+α 7 △R+α 8 Q，
wherein Δ P represents the annular flow pressure drop of the replaceable irregular wellbore section, R p Representing simulated drill pipe dimension, R b Representing simulated borehole dimensions, ρ representing the density of the test drilling fluid, μ representing the plastic viscosity of the test drilling fluid, τ representing the dynamic shear force of the test drilling fluid, Δ L representing the replaceable irregularityAxial length of wellbore section, Δ R maximum radial dimension of replaceable irregular wellbore section, Q circulation displacement of test drilling fluid, α 1 、α 2 、α 3 、α 4 、α 5 、α 6 、α 7 、α 8 All are coefficients obtained by fitting.
7. The method for testing annulus flow pressure drop in irregular wellbore sections according to claim 6, wherein the simulated drill pipe has an outer diameter of 127mm or 139.7mm.
8. The method of testing for annular flow pressure drop in irregular wellbore sections of claim 6, wherein the simulated wellbore size is 215.9mm, 311.2mm, or 444.5mm.
9. The method for testing annulus flow pressure drop in irregular wellbore sections according to claim 6, wherein the seventh step specifically comprises:
acquiring drilling data of an actual borehole and series of hole diameter data of an open hole section of the actual borehole;
drawing a well diameter curve graph according to the well diameter series data, and acquiring the axial length delta L of the irregular well bore section selected from the well diameter curve graph i And a maximum radial dimension Δ R i ；
Subjecting the irregular wellbore section to axial length DeltaL i And maximum radial dimension Δ R i And substituting the drilling data into the relational expression to obtain the annular flow pressure drop of the irregular borehole section of the actual borehole.
10. The method of testing annulus flow pressure drop in irregular intervals of a wellbore of claim 9, wherein the drilling data comprises at least a drill pipe outer diameter R pi Borehole size R bi Drilling fluid density ρ i Drilling fluid plastic viscosity mu i Drilling fluid cutting force tau i And drilling fluid circulation discharge capacity Q i The caliper data includes at least depth H j HejingDiameter D j Wherein j is a natural number from 1 to n, j is the serial number of the borehole diameter logging section, and n is the number of the sections of the borehole diameter logging section.
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