CN110920178B - Variable-rigidity conductive composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Variable-rigidity conductive composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/06—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/14—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising synthetic rubber copolymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
- B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
Abstract
The invention relates to a variable-rigidity conductive composite material and a preparation method thereof. The framework layer is a metal sheet; the adhesive layer is an inorganic or organic adhesive; the reinforced layer is made of fabric; the elastic layer is made of rubber material; the conductive layer is polymer conductive rubber. Before preparation, the framework layer, the adhesive layer, the reinforcing layer, the elastic layer and the conductive layer are cut layer by layer according to the shape and the size of a composite material workpiece, then the framework layer, the adhesive layer, the reinforcing layer, the elastic layer and the conductive layer are orderly arranged to form a blank, and finally compression molding is carried out. The forming method is simple and easy to implement, the electrical property of the obtained conductive composite material can be designed, the conductive composite material has high rigidity, high strength, humidity and heat environment resistance and fatigue resistance, can meet the requirements of aircraft lightning stroke protection and electromagnetic shielding, and is particularly suitable for being applied to the field of aerospace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a variable-rigidity conductive composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of functional composite materials.
Background
The composite material is a material which is composed of two or more materials with different properties and has new performance macroscopically by a physical or (and) chemical method. The materials mutually make up for the deficiencies in performance to generate a synergistic effect, so that the comprehensive performance of the composite material is superior to that of the original composition material to meet various different requirements. The functional composite material is a composite material which provides other physical properties besides mechanical properties, such as conductive, superconducting, semi-conductive, magnetic, piezoelectric, damping, wave-absorbing, sound-absorbing, friction, shielding, flame-retardant, heat-proof, heat-insulating and other functional composite materials. The functional composite material mainly comprises a functional body and a matrix, or comprises two (or more) functional bodies, the functional properties of the functional composite material are mainly provided by the functional bodies, but the matrix mainly plays a role in shaping, and simultaneously, the matrix can also influence the overall physical properties of the composite material. The functional composite material is composed of metal and metal composite, nonmetal and metal composite, and nonmetal composite.
The metal interlayer polymer matrix composite material is a functional material prepared by compounding metal, different polymers and other functional materials through a special gradient preparation technology, has the characteristics of strong designability, high specific strength, excellent elasticity, corrosion resistance, good structural size stability, good fatigue fracture resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation and aerospace. However, compared with the traditional metal material, the insulating high polymer on the surface of the metal sandwich polymer matrix composite obstructs the conductive path; when the airplane is struck by lightning, the lightning current is difficult to be led out through the surface of the material to generate a large amount of heat, and as a result, the composite material is ablated, so that the strength and the rigidity of the composite material are greatly reduced, and great challenge is brought to the safety and the economy of the airplane structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a variable-rigidity conductive composite material and a preparation method thereof aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, and aims to improve the surface conductivity of a metal interlayer polymer matrix composite material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the technical scheme of the invention provides a variable-rigidity conductive composite material, which is characterized in that: the composite material is formed by sequentially paving and sticking an adhesive layer 2, an elastic layer 4 and a conducting layer 5 on the surface of a framework layer 1 and then molding, wherein:
the framework layer 1 is a metal sheet, and the maximum size of the outer contour of the metal sheet is 10-99% of the maximum size of the outer contour of the composite material product;
the adhesive layer 2 is an inorganic or organic adhesive, and the external contour dimension of the adhesive layer is the same as that of the framework layer 1;
the elastic layer 4 is made of natural rubber, synthetic rubber or a combination of natural rubber and synthetic rubber;
the conducting layer 5 is made of high polymer conducting rubber, and the maximum size of the outer contour of the conducting layer is the same as that of the outer contour of the composite material product.
In one implementation, the enhancement layer 3 and the reinforced elastic layer 6 are paved between the adhesive layer 2 and the elastic layer 4 or alternatively paved, the maximum size of the outer contour of the enhancement layer 3, the elastic layer 4 and the reinforced elastic layer 6 is 10-100% of the maximum size of the outer contour of the composite material product, the enhancement layer 3 is one or more of polyester fabric, aramid fabric, polyamide fabric, polyester fabric, glass cloth, cotton cloth or carbon fiber cloth, and the reinforced elastic layer 6 and the elastic layer 5 are made of the same material.
In one implementation, in one or two structures of the conductive layer 5 and the elastic layer 4 and the conductive layer 5, the reinforcing layer 3 is paved or alternatively paved and adhered to the reinforcing layer 3 and the reinforcing conductive layer 7, the reinforcing layer 3 is one or more of polyester fabric, aramid fabric, nylon fabric, polyester fabric, glass cloth, cotton cloth or carbon fiber cloth, the maximum size of the outer contour of the reinforcing conductive layer 7 is 10-100% of the maximum size of the outer contour of the composite material product, and the reinforcing conductive layer 7 and the conductive layer 5 are made of the same material.
In one implementation, the metal sheet is a steel sheet, an aluminum sheet or a metal alloy sheet, and the thickness of the metal sheet is 0.05-8.0 mm.
In one implementation, the synthetic rubber is one or more of butadiene styrene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polysulfide rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, silicone rubber or fluororubber.
In one implementation, the base rubber material used for the high molecular conductive rubber is natural rubber, synthetic rubber or a combination rubber of natural rubber and synthetic rubber, wherein the synthetic rubber is one or more of butadiene styrene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polysulfide rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, silicone rubber or fluororubber.
The conductive particles used in the high-molecular conductive rubber are one or a mixture of more of carbon nano tubes, graphene, carbon black, graphite, silver powder, nickel powder, aluminum powder, iron powder, copper powder and gold powder.
In one implementation, the adhesive layer 2, the elastic layer 4, the reinforcing layer 3, the conductive layer 5 and the skeleton layer 1 have the same outer contour size.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the conductive composite material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, pretreatment of the framework layer 1
Cutting the framework layer 1, then pretreating the surface of the framework layer 1 by sand blasting or polishing, then cleaning, and then spraying, brushing or paving an adhesive layer 2 on one side or two sides of the framework layer 1;
step two, preparation of conductive composite material
And paving the reinforcing layer 3, the elastic layer 4 and the conductive layer 5 on the adhesive layer 2, and performing compression molding after paving to obtain the conductive composite material plate with the same thickness.
In one implementation, the conductive composite sheet is a flat sheet or a curved shape.
In one embodiment, the adhesive layer 2 is cured simultaneously with the rubber of the elastic layer 4.
In one implementation, the reinforcing layer 3 is surface treated prior to application, the treatment including organic solvent cleaning, surface chemical treatment, or plasma treatment.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the preparation method is simple and convenient to operate, the fabric, the adhesive, the rubber and the metal which have obviously different physical properties are compounded together through ingenious combination and a reasonable preparation process, interface cracking possibly caused by inconsistency of physical properties of different materials is avoided through synchronous curing and forming, and the obtained product has the advantages of high rigidity, high elasticity, humidity and heat environment resistance and fatigue resistance, can meet the requirements of aircraft lightning stroke protection and electromagnetic shielding, and is particularly suitable for the field of aerospace.
The invention uses rubber as the elastic layer, has the advantages of adjustable thickness and designable performance, thereby isolating the contact between the framework metal layer and the external environment and effectively avoiding environmental corrosion; in addition, the composite material can play a role in cladding, vibration damping, buffering and protecting, and the impact resistance and damage tolerance of the composite material are greatly improved.
Moreover, the invention can realize the design of the conductive characteristic of the composite material by controlling the material and the thickness of the conductive layer, meets the requirements of aircraft lightning protection and electromagnetic shielding, and is particularly suitable for being applied to the field of aerospace.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mat according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second layer of an embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention specifically, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims without affecting the essence of the present invention.
Example one
Producing a variable-rigidity conductive composite flat plate: the length is 66 +/-2 mm, the width is 12 +/-2 mm, and the thickness is 3.5 +/-0.2 mm, and the steps are as follows:
(1) taking a stainless steel sheet as a framework layer 1, wherein the thickness is 2mm, and the size is as follows: the length is 66 +/-2 mm, the width is 12 +/-2 mm, and the sand blasting treatment is carried out on the mixture, and then the mixture is cleaned by using gasoline;
(2) the rubber adhesive is used as an adhesive layer 2 and is sprayed on the two sides of the framework layer 1, and the thickness is 0.15 +/-0.05 mm;
(3) paving an unvulcanized hydrogenated nitrile rubber sheet on the adhesive layer 2 to serve as an elastic layer 4, wherein the thickness is 0.3 +/-0.03 mm, and the cutting size of the elastic layer is the same as that of the framework layer 1; paving and pasting polyester mesh cloth as a reinforcing layer 3 on the elastic layer 4, wherein the thickness is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm, and the cutting size is the same as that of the framework layer 1; paving an elastic layer 4 on the reinforcing layer 3, wherein the thickness is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm, and the cutting size of the elastic layer is the same as that of the framework layer 1; macromolecule conductive rubber is paved and pasted on the elastic layer 4 to serve as a conductive layer 5, the thickness is 0.2mm +/-0.04 mm, and the cutting size of the conductive layer is the same as that of the framework layer 1. The stainless steel sheet is taken as the center, and the two sides are symmetrically paved, and the schematic diagram of the paving layer is shown in figure 1.
The blank formed by the macromolecule conductive rubber, the fabric, the unvulcanized silicon rubber sheet, the rubber type adhesive and the metal sheet is molded and vulcanized under the conditions of (170 ℃ plus or minus 10 ℃) multiplied by (10MPa plus or minus 2MPa) multiplied by (2h plus or minus 0.5h), the mold is taken out and trimmed, and the nondestructive test proves that no obvious defect interface exists in the blank.
Example two
Producing a variable stiffness conductive composite: the length is 200 plus or minus 2mm, the width is 20 plus or minus 2mm, the thickness is 4 plus or minus 0.2mm, and the steps are as follows:
(1) the super-elastic titanium alloy is used as a framework layer 1, the thickness is 3mm, and the size is as follows: the length is 200 plus or minus 2mm, the width is 20 plus or minus 2mm, firstly, the sand blasting treatment is carried out on one side of the glass fiber, and then the glass fiber is cleaned by gasoline;
(2) spraying a resin type adhesive as an adhesive layer 2 on one side of the framework layer 1 subjected to sand blasting treatment, wherein the thickness is 0.25 +/-0.05 mm;
(3) paving aramid fiber gridding cloth as a reinforcing layer 3 on the adhesive layer 2, wherein the thickness of the aramid fiber gridding cloth is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm, and the cutting size of the aramid fiber gridding cloth is the same as that of the framework layer 1; paving an unvulcanized nitrile rubber sheet as an elastic layer 4 on the enhancement layer 3, wherein the thickness of the elastic layer is 0.6 +/-0.03 mm, and the cutting size of the elastic layer is the same as that of the framework layer 1; the elastic layer 4 is paved and adhered on the reinforced layer 3, the thickness is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm, and the cutting size is the same as that of the framework layer 1; high molecular conductive rubber is used as a conductive layer 5 and is paved on the reinforced layer 3, and the thickness is 0.2 mm-0.4 mm; the cutting size is the same as that of the framework layer 1. The schematic diagram of the lay-up is shown in figure 2.
The blank formed by the macromolecule conductive rubber, the fabric, the unvulcanized silicon rubber sheet, the resin type adhesive and the metal sheet is molded and vulcanized under the conditions of (160 ℃ plus or minus 10 ℃) multiplied by (10MPa plus or minus 2MPa) multiplied by (1.5h plus or minus 0.5h), the mold is taken out and trimmed, and the nondestructive test proves that no obvious defect interface exists in the blank.
Claims (4)
1. A variable rigidity conductive composite material is characterized in that: the composite material is formed by sequentially paving an adhesive layer (2), an elastic layer (4) and a conductive layer (5) on the surface of a framework layer (1) and then molding, wherein:
the framework layer (1) is a metal sheet, and the maximum size of the outer contour of the metal sheet is 10-99% of the maximum size of the outer contour of the composite material product;
the adhesive layer (2) is an inorganic or organic adhesive, and the external contour dimension of the adhesive layer is the same as that of the framework layer (1);
the elastic layer (4) is made of natural rubber, synthetic rubber or a combination of natural rubber and synthetic rubber;
the conducting layer (5) is made of high polymer conducting rubber, and the maximum size of the outer contour of the conducting layer is the same as that of the outer contour of the composite material product;
paving a reinforcing layer (3) between the adhesive layer (2) and the elastic layer (4) or alternatively paving the reinforcing layer (3) and the reinforcing elastic layer (6), wherein the maximum size of the outer contour of the reinforcing layer (3), the elastic layer (4) and the reinforcing elastic layer (6) is 10-100% of the maximum size of the outer contour of the composite material product, the reinforcing layer (3) is one or more of aramid fabric, nylon fabric, polyester fabric, glass cloth, cotton cloth or carbon fiber cloth, and the reinforcing elastic layer (6) and the elastic layer (4) are made of the same material;
in one or two structures of the conductive layer (5) and the elastic layer (4) and the conductive layer (5), the reinforcing layer (3) or the reinforcing layer (3) and the reinforcing conductive layer (7) are paved or alternatively paved, the reinforcing layer (3) is one or more of aramid fabric, polyamide fabric, polyester fabric, glass cloth, cotton cloth or carbon fiber cloth, the maximum size of the outer contour of the reinforcing conductive layer (7) is 10-100% of the maximum size of the outer contour of the composite material product, and the reinforcing conductive layer (7) is made of the same material as the conductive layer (5).
2. The conductive composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal sheet is a steel sheet, an aluminum sheet or a metal alloy sheet, and the thickness of the metal sheet is 0.05 to 8.0 mm.
3. The conductive composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the synthetic rubber is one or more of butadiene styrene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polysulfide rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, silicon rubber or fluororubber.
4. The conductive composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the matrix rubber material used by the macromolecule conductive rubber is natural rubber, synthetic rubber or the mixed rubber of the natural rubber and the synthetic rubber, wherein the synthetic rubber is one or the mixed rubber of butadiene styrene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polysulfide rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, silicon rubber or fluororubber;
the conductive particles used in the high-molecular conductive rubber are one or a mixture of more of carbon nano tubes, graphene, carbon black, graphite, silver powder, nickel powder, aluminum powder, iron powder, copper powder and gold powder.
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| CN113977985B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2024-04-09 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Preparation method of rigidity-variable wear-resistant vibration-damping composite material |
| CN114801404A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-07-29 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Metal composite structure subjected to antifriction conductive treatment and preparation method thereof |
| CN115122714B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-09-22 | 安徽天富环保科技材料有限公司 | Preparation process of activated carbon fiber cloth for electrode preparation |
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Address after: No. 5 Yongxiang North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094 Patentee after: Beijing Aviation Materials Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 5 Yongxiang North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094 Patentee before: Beijing Aeronautical Materials Research Institute Co.,Ltd. |