CN110919158A - Explosive welding device and method - Google Patents
Explosive welding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110919158A CN110919158A CN201911238637.3A CN201911238637A CN110919158A CN 110919158 A CN110919158 A CN 110919158A CN 201911238637 A CN201911238637 A CN 201911238637A CN 110919158 A CN110919158 A CN 110919158A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
- B23K20/085—Explosive welding for tubes, e.g. plugging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a new method applied to an explosive welding technology, in particular to an explosive welding device and method, which solve the problem of poor welding quality of the existing explosive welding composite plate. The device comprises a strong light source and an explosive coating; the explosive coating is a photosensitive explosive coating coated on the surface of a target object to be welded; the strong light source is used for irradiating and detonating the photosensitive explosive coating, and the whole surface of the photosensitive explosive coating is ensured to be detonated simultaneously. The photosensitive explosive is sensitive to light, the photosensitive explosive can be sprayed on the surface of a target object to be welded by a spray gun, the photosensitive explosive coating is detonated through strong light irradiation, stable detonation waves can be realized in the coating with a very thin thickness, and large-area synchronous reliable detonation is realized. Can be applied to the explosive welding of plates, pipes, special-shaped pieces and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel method applied to an explosive welding technology, in particular to a light-initiated explosive welding device and a light-initiated explosive welding method.
Background
The explosion welding is to weld two or more metals with different melting points, different strengths, different thicknesses, different thermal expansion coefficients and great hardness differences together by using huge energy generated by explosive explosion, has unique advantages in the aspect of manufacturing composite materials with any metal combination, even can weld the metals and non-metals such as ceramics and other materials, and plays an irreplaceable important role in the fields of chemical industry, petroleum, environmental protection (nuclear waste treatment), electric power, shipbuilding, nuclear industry, aerospace, superconducting materials and the like.
The quality of the explosive welding composite board is closely related to the detonation mode. The prior detonation modes for explosion welding comprise a central detonation mode and an edge detonation mode, detonation waves of the two detonation modes are propagated from a detonation point to other parts, the problem that different parts start to accelerate for different time exists, the collision speeds of a composite plate and a substrate are different, and the problem that the welding quality is poor due to the fact that the welding interface fluctuates forwards and backwards at the collision speed, such as gaps, holes and other defects, is caused. Because the explosive arrangement process has direct influence on the intensity and characteristic parameters of the explosive load acting on the composite board during explosive welding, in order to solve the problem of different explosive loads at each point of the composite board, the common method is to adopt the explosive distribution process with different thicknesses, so that the explosive load at each point of the composite board can be basically kept unchanged, and the combination quality of the board is improved. But the unequal-thickness explosive distribution process requires that reasonable explosive charging thickness is designed, and different explosive welding materials need to be verified and further corrected. In addition, the situation that welding is not firm and even gaps occur frequently at the boundary of the composite plate during explosive welding, the phenomenon is particularly serious when the thick composite plate is welded by explosion, namely the boundary effect problem of explosive welding, and the problem cannot be solved by the unequal-thickness explosive distribution process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel explosive welding device and a novel explosive welding method, which solve the problem that the welding quality of the existing explosive welding composite plate is poor.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an explosive welding device is characterized in that: comprises a strong light source and an explosive coating;
the explosive coating is a photosensitive explosive coating coated on the surface of a target object to be welded; the photosensitive explosive is sensitive to light, the photosensitive explosive can be sprayed on the surface of a target object to be welded by a spray gun, the photosensitive explosive coating is detonated through strong light irradiation, stable detonation waves can be realized in the coating with a very thin thickness, and large-area synchronous reliable detonation is realized. The target object usually comprises two or more materials to be welded, the plate comprises a compound plate and a base plate, the pipe comprises a compound pipe and a base pipe, and the target object is particularly a certain material adjacent to the explosive coating if no special description exists.
The strong light source is used for irradiating and detonating the photosensitive explosive coating, and the whole surface of the photosensitive explosive coating is ensured to be detonated simultaneously.
Furthermore, the strong light source is an electric explosion device; the metal wire is ionized and exploded to generate plasma radiation hard light by inputting strong current into the metal wire in a very short time, and the plasma radiation hard light irradiates the surface of the photosensitive explosive to synchronously detonate the photosensitive explosive in a large area.
Further, the spectrum range of the strong light generated by the electric explosion device contains ultraviolet light, tungsten wires or molybdenum wires and other materials are selected as metal wire materials, the metal wire materials are in the order of 0.1mm, for example, 0.3mm, and enough electric energy is ensured to release the strong light so that the explosive surface is exploded simultaneously. A plurality of metal wires can be arranged at the same distance above the photosensitive explosive coating, so that the uniform illumination of strong light irradiating the photosensitive explosive coating is ensured as much as possible, and the improvement of the synchronism of large-area initiation of the photosensitive explosive is facilitated.
Furthermore, the photosensitive explosive is acetylene silver-silver nitrate, and a spraying robot or a mechanical arm is used for remote operation, so that the safety of a spraying process is ensured, the thickness of an explosive coating can be more accurately controlled, the explosive load uniformity is improved, the explosive welding effect is improved, the utilization rate of explosive materials is effectively improved, and the cost is reduced. The thickness of the photosensitive explosive coating is too low to be beneficial to detonation stability, and the coating with too high thickness can generate cracks, and the thickness is usually 0.02-2 mm.
Further, the shape of the photosensitive explosive coating is matched with that of the welding surface of the object to be welded, and the areas of the photosensitive explosive coating are equal; the photosensitive explosive coating and the surface of the target object are contacted and possibly react, an isolating film can be arranged between the photosensitive explosive and the surface of the target object according to needs, the film, the photosensitive explosive and the target object to be welded do not have chemical reaction, the photosensitive explosive explosion energy is transmitted to the target object to meet the welding requirement, and a metal isolating film, such as an aluminum film with the thickness of 0.005mm, can be selected.
Further, in order to enhance the explosive power, the explosive coating also comprises a main explosive layer arranged between the photosensitive explosive coating and the surface of the object to be welded. Industrial emulsion explosive can be selected as the main explosive, and the main explosive is detonated by the photosensitive explosive coating, so that large-area synchronous detonation of the main explosive is realized.
Further, when the explosive coating comprises photosensitive explosive coating and main explosive, chemical reaction may take place between photosensitive explosive and the main explosive, can set up the barrier film between photosensitive explosive coating and main explosive layer as required, this membrane and photosensitive explosive and main explosive can not take place chemical reaction yet, ensure that this membrane does not influence photosensitive explosive and explode main explosive, can choose for use the metal barrier film, aluminium film such as 0.2mm thick.
The invention also provides an explosive welding method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, enabling a target object to be welded to be opposite to a welding surface of a welding substrate;
secondly, spraying photosensitive explosive on the surface of the object to be welded to form a photosensitive explosive coating;
and step three, starting a strong light source, irradiating the photosensitive explosive coating by the strong light, exploding the whole surface of the photosensitive explosive coating simultaneously and acting on a target object to be welded, and colliding the target object to be welded to the substrate to realize welding.
Further, the second step also comprises a step of arranging a metal isolating film on the photosensitive explosive coating and the surface of the object to be welded.
The invention also provides another explosive welding method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, enabling a target object to be welded to be opposite to a welding surface of a welding substrate;
secondly, laying main explosives on the surface of a target object to be welded to form a main explosive layer; spraying photosensitive explosive on the surface of the main explosive layer to form a photosensitive explosive coating;
and step three, starting a strong light source, irradiating the photosensitive explosive coating by strong light, exploding the whole surface of the photosensitive explosive coating simultaneously, generating detonation waves, exploding the whole surface of the main explosive layer simultaneously, acting on the target object to be welded, and impacting the target object to be welded to the substrate to realize welding.
Further, the step two also comprises a step of arranging a buffer layer between the surface of the object to be welded and the main explosive layer; and a step of disposing a metal isolation film between the photosensitive explosive coating layer and the main explosive layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention is different from the two explosion welding modes of center explosion and edge explosion which are commonly used at present, utilizes the light sensitivity characteristic of the photosensitive explosive and adopts the method of instantaneously releasing strong light to detonate the photosensitive explosive, realizes the simultaneous explosion of the photosensitive explosive surface for welding in large area, leads the explosive at each point of the composite plate to explode simultaneously, achieves the aim of keeping the explosion load at each point basically unchanged, effectively avoids the welding quality problem caused by overlarge difference between the front and the back of the collision speed at the welding interface, greatly reduces the influence of the boundary effect caused by two sides of the explosive loading width and the sparse wave at the explosion end during the explosion of the explosive, has important significance for improving the explosion welding quality of the metal plate, especially for improving the explosion welding quality of the large plate and the overlarge plate and the yield of the composite plate, reduces the waste of the plate and improves the economic benefit, and has simple working principle, The method has the characteristics of flexible and convenient design, good welding effect, adaptability to various complex curved surfaces and the like, and provides a method for controlling the detonation synchronism for explosive welding.
2. The invention can be applied to, but is not limited to, explosion welding of plates, tubes and pipes and profiles.
When the target object is a pipe and the inner diameter of the pipe is smaller, the explosive required by the traditional explosive welding is not easy to be paved on the inner wall of the small-caliber pipe, so the small-caliber pipe is difficult to adopt the explosive welding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-metal wire, 2-strong light, 3-photosensitive explosive coating, 4-main explosive layer, 5-compound plate and 6-substrate.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-metal wire, 2-strong light, 3-photosensitive explosive coating, 5-compound plate and 6-substrate.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-metal wire, 2-strong light, 3-photosensitive explosive coating, 4-main explosive layer, 7-double pipe and 8-base pipe.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-metal wire, 2-strong light, 3-photosensitive explosive coating, 7-double tube and 8-base tube.
FIG. 5a is a schematic top view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a schematic side view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-metal wire, 2-strong light, 3-photosensitive explosive coating, 4-main explosive layer, 5-compound plate and 6-substrate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the object to be welded in this embodiment is a doubler plate 5, and main explosive is distributed on the surface of the doubler plate 5 to form a main explosive layer 4; and then coating photosensitive explosive on the surface of the main explosive layer 4 to form a photosensitive explosive coating 3. The application of the explosive can be remotely operated by a spraying robot or a mechanical arm.
When the panel is welded by explosion, the metal wire 1 is electrically exploded under the action of strong current to generate strong light 2, the strong light 2 irradiates the photosensitive explosive coating 3 coated on the surface of the main explosive layer 4, so that the whole coating surface of the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is exploded simultaneously, detonation waves are generated to detonate the lower main explosive layer 4, the lower whole main explosive layer 4 is detonated simultaneously and acts on the compound plate 5, and the compound plate 5 is collided against the substrate 6 to realize the purpose of welding. One or more metal wires 1 can be used as a strong light source, so that the uniform illuminance of the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is ensured, the discharge energy of the detonating device is improved, and the large-area detonating synchronism of the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is ensured; a buffer layer can be arranged between the main explosive layer 4 and the compound plate 5 according to requirements so that the main explosive layer and the compound plate are not in direct contact; a certain gap can be arranged between the compound plate 5 and the base plate 6 according to requirements, and the compound plate and the base plate can form a certain included angle to ensure oblique collision; a diaphragm, such as an aluminum film of 0.2mm thickness, is provided between the photosensitive explosive coating 3 and the main explosive layer 4 as required.
Example two
Unlike the first embodiment, this embodiment does not include a main explosive layer.
As shown in fig. 2, when a plate is explosion-welded, a metal wire 1 is electrically exploded under the action of a strong current to generate strong light 2, the strong light 2 irradiates a photosensitive explosive coating 3 coated on the surface of a compound plate 5, so that the whole coating surface of the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is exploded and acts on the compound plate 5, the compound plate 5 is collided with a substrate 6, and the purpose of welding is achieved. One or more metal wires 1 can be used as a light source of the strong light 2, so that the uniform illuminance of the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is ensured, the discharge energy of the detonating device is improved, and the large-area detonating synchronism of the photosensitive explosive 3 is ensured; a certain gap can be arranged between the compound plate 5 and the base plate 6 according to requirements, and the compound plate and the base plate can form a certain included angle to ensure oblique collision; a diaphragm, such as an aluminum film of 0.2mm thickness, may be provided between the photosensitive explosive coating 3 and the doubler plate 5 as required.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 3, the welding target in this embodiment is a double pipe 7, a main explosive layer 4 is laid on the inner surface of the double pipe 7, a photosensitive explosive is coated on the surface of the main explosive layer 4 to form a photosensitive explosive coating 3, and a wire 1 is placed in the double pipe 7.
When the tubular product is explosion-welded, the metal wire 1 is subjected to electric explosion under the action of strong current to generate strong light 2, the strong light 2 irradiates the photosensitive explosive coating 3 coated on the surface of the main explosive layer 4, so that the whole coating surface of the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is simultaneously exploded, detonation waves are generated to detonate the main explosive layer 4 on the outer side, the whole layer of main explosive on the outer side is detonated simultaneously and acts on the compound pipe 7, and the compound pipe 7 is collided to the base pipe 8, so that the purpose of welding is realized. One or more metal wires 1 can be used as a light source of the strong light 2, so that the uniform illuminance of the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is ensured, the discharge energy of the detonating device is improved, and the large-area detonating synchronism of the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is ensured; a buffer layer can be arranged between the main explosive layer 4 and the compound pipe 7 according to requirements so that the main explosive layer and the compound pipe are not in direct contact; a diaphragm, such as an aluminum film of 0.2mm thickness, is provided between the photosensitive explosive coating 3 and the main explosive layer 4 as required.
Example four
As shown in fig. 4, this embodiment does not include a main explosive layer, unlike the third embodiment.
When the pipe is welded by explosion, the metal wire 1 is electrically exploded under the action of strong current to generate strong light 2, the strong light 2 irradiates the photosensitive explosive coating 3 coated on the surface of the compound pipe 7, so that the whole coating surface of the photosensitive explosive is exploded and acts on the compound pipe 7 at the same time, the compound pipe 7 is collided with the base pipe 8, and the purpose of welding is realized. One or more metal wires can be used as a light source of the strong light 2, so that the uniform illuminance of the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is ensured, the discharge energy of the detonating device is improved, and the large-area detonating synchronism of the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is ensured; a diaphragm, such as an aluminum film with a thickness of 0.2mm, is arranged between the photosensitive explosive coating 3 and the double tube 7 as required.
EXAMPLE five
As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, this embodiment is different from the above-described embodiments in that the photosensitive explosive coating 3 is not coated on the entire upper surface of the main explosive layer 4, but is sprayed only on one end of the upper surface of the main explosive layer, so that upon detonation of the photosensitive explosive, a wire explosion is formed.
When the plate is welded by explosion, the metal wire 1 is electrically exploded under the action of strong current to generate strong light 2, the light-sensitive explosive coating 3 below the metal wire irradiates, the light-sensitive explosive coating 3 is only sprayed on one side of the main explosive layer 4, the light-sensitive explosive coating 3 is simultaneously exploded and then detonates the main explosive layer 4, and the method is different from the common main explosive single-point detonation or edge detonation.
Claims (10)
1. An explosive welding device, characterized in that: comprises a strong light source and an explosive coating;
the explosive coating is a photosensitive explosive coating coated on the surface of a target object to be welded;
the strong light source is used for irradiating and detonating the photosensitive explosive coating, and the whole surface of the photosensitive explosive coating is ensured to be detonated simultaneously.
2. The explosive welding device of claim 1, wherein: the strong light source is an electric explosion device and comprises a metal wire with the magnitude of 0.1mm, and the metal wire is a tungsten wire or a molybdenum wire.
3. The explosive welding device of claim 2, wherein: the photosensitive explosive is acetylene silver-silver nitrate.
4. The explosive welding device of claim 3, wherein: the thickness of the photosensitive explosive coating is 0.02-2 mm; the shape of the photosensitive explosive coating is matched with the shape of the welding surface of the target object to be welded, and the areas of the photosensitive explosive coating are equal; and a metal isolating film is arranged between the photosensitive explosive coating and the surface of the object to be welded.
5. The explosive welding device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the explosive coating also comprises a main explosive layer arranged between the photosensitive explosive coating and the surface of the object to be welded.
6. The explosive welding device of claim 5, wherein: and a metal isolating film is arranged between the photosensitive explosive coating and the main explosive layer.
7. An explosive welding method, comprising the steps of:
step one, enabling a target object to be welded to be opposite to a welding surface of a welding substrate;
secondly, spraying photosensitive explosive on the surface of the object to be welded to form a photosensitive explosive coating;
and step three, starting a strong light source, irradiating the photosensitive explosive coating by the strong light, exploding the whole surface of the photosensitive explosive coating simultaneously and acting on a target object to be welded, and colliding the target object to be welded to the substrate to realize welding.
8. The explosive welding method according to claim 7, wherein: and step two, a step of arranging a metal isolating film on the photosensitive explosive coating and the surface of the object to be welded is also included.
9. An explosive welding method, comprising the steps of:
step one, enabling a target object to be welded to be opposite to a welding surface of a welding substrate;
secondly, laying main explosives on the surface of a target object to be welded to form a main explosive layer; spraying photosensitive explosive on the surface of the main explosive layer to form a photosensitive explosive coating;
and step three, starting a strong light source, irradiating the photosensitive explosive coating by strong light, exploding the whole surface of the photosensitive explosive coating simultaneously, generating detonation waves, exploding the whole surface of the main explosive layer simultaneously, acting on the target object to be welded, and impacting the target object to be welded to the substrate to realize welding.
10. The explosive welding method according to claim 9, wherein: the second step also comprises a step of arranging a buffer layer between the surface of the object to be welded and the main explosive layer; and a step of disposing a metal isolation film between the photosensitive explosive coating layer and the main explosive layer.
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