CN110918906A - Method for removing bubbles of electron beam cold bed furnace casting titanium and titanium alloy hollow ingot - Google Patents
Method for removing bubbles of electron beam cold bed furnace casting titanium and titanium alloy hollow ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN110918906A CN110918906A CN201911013821.8A CN201911013821A CN110918906A CN 110918906 A CN110918906 A CN 110918906A CN 201911013821 A CN201911013821 A CN 201911013821A CN 110918906 A CN110918906 A CN 110918906A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/15—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/04—Casting hollow ingots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for removing bubbles of electron beam cold bed furnace casting titanium and titanium alloy hollow ingots, which comprises the following steps: vacuumizing, crystallizing, pulling ingot and discharging ingot. The invention has simple design and good use effect, and can effectively solve the problem that the hollow cast ingot has air holes inside. Air bubbles are involved in the cast ingot in the casting process, and the cast ingot is cooled to form air holes, so that the quality and the performance of the cast ingot are greatly influenced. The cast ingot produced by the method can be used after being simply milled by a milling machine, so that the one-time yield of the cast ingot is greatly improved, and obvious economic benefit can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for removing bubbles, in particular to a method for removing bubbles of hollow ingots of titanium and titanium alloy cast by an electron beam cold bed furnace.
Background
In the casting process of titanium and titanium alloy, due to the limitation of equipment and process, bubbles often enter an ingot along with the flow of titanium liquid, so that the surface of the ingot is oxidized, bubbles enter the center of the ingot, and small air holes are formed along with the cooling and solidification of the ingot. The surface oxidation can be eliminated by milling the skin, the core air holes have great influence on the subsequent rolling processing and the ingot casting performance, no good method is available for removing the core air holes, and once the air holes are formed, a large amount of resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that bubbles exist in the central part of a hollow ingot casting process to affect the quality of the ingot casting, and provides a method for removing the bubbles of a titanium and titanium alloy hollow ingot cast by an electron beam cold bed furnace, which can eliminate a large amount of gas and bubbles in the casting process, reduce the surface oxidation of the ingot casting and the formation of central pores, and greatly improve the quality of the ingot casting.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for removing bubbles of electron beam cold hearth casting titanium and titanium alloy hollow ingots comprises the following steps:
step (1), vacuumizing
After the feeding is finished, closing the feeding chamber cover, evacuating the feeding chamber by using a vacuum pump set, communicating the feeding chamber with the smelting chamber after the conditions are met, and continuously evacuating;
step (2), crystallization
Opening a corresponding electron gun when titanium liquid flows into the refining cold bed, opening the corresponding electron gun of the crystallizer after the liquid level flows into the crystallizer through an overflow port of the refining cold bed, and supplementing energy according to the smelting speed; the power is increased, and meanwhile, the smelting speed, the ingot pulling speed and the cooling water flow are adjusted;
step (3) pulling ingot
When the liquid level in the crystallizer reaches a set line, pulling an ingot, and slightly shaking the ingot by an ingot pulling oil cylinder under the condition that the frequency and the amplitude are within a controllable range at a certain ingot pulling speed; the ingot pulling is ensured to be carried out stably, and the ingot pulling fluctuation is avoided;
step (4) discharging ingots
And cooling for 3-4 hours after feeding is finished, and discharging the ingot, wherein the ingot with better internal quality can be obtained.
Further, in the step (1), starting a gun to preheat when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.8Pa, continuously vacuumizing the smelting chamber by using a vacuum pump group in the preheating process, and blanking, smelting and pulling ingots when the vacuum degree of the smelting chamber is less than or equal to 0.6 Pa.
Further, in the step (2), when the titanium liquid flows into the refining cold bed, the power of a corresponding electron gun is started to be 410KW-450 KW; when the corresponding electron gun of the crystallizer is opened, the power is set to be 320KW-360 KW.
Further, in the step (3), the frequency is 10-20HZ, and the amplitude is 1-8 mm.
Further, in the step (2), the power is increased, and meanwhile, the smelting speed, the ingot pulling speed and the cooling water flow are adjusted, wherein the smelting speed is controlled to be 700-800kg/h, the pulling speed is 11-15mm/min, and the cooling water return flow of the crystallizer is about 1700L/min.
Further, in the step (3), the pulling speed is reduced to 11-13mm/min after the smelting is carried out to 5500 mm.
The invention vacuumizes and maintains enough vacuum degree according to the equipment process; increasing the power of the electron guns corresponding to the refining cold bed and the crystallizer; slightly vibrating the ingot by utilizing the characteristics of ingot pulling equipment in the ingot pulling process; and removing bubbles in the core of the ingot after the ingot is naturally cooled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention divides the vacuum pumping into two stages, optimizes the vacuum degree of different stages, greatly reduces the sponge titanium, alloy and gas in the hearth, and correspondingly reduces the bubbles in the titanium liquid.
2. The invention increases the power of the electron gun corresponding to the refining cold bed and the crystallizer under the conditions of vacuum and stable equipment, so that the bubbles in the titanium liquid are quickly absorbed and expanded to float out of the surface of the titanium liquid, and the bubbles in the titanium liquid are reduced again by continuous vacuum pumping. The power is increased, and meanwhile, the smelting speed, the ingot pulling speed and the cooling water flow are adjusted, so that the smelting defect is avoided.
3. The invention makes the frequency and the amplitude in a controllable range by adjusting the piston, the stroke and the working pressure of the oil cylinder, and the bubbles in the titanium liquid in the crystallizer float out from the core to the surface by the slight vibration of the ingot pulling oil cylinder, and are pumped away by continuous evacuation, and the bubbles in the titanium liquid core are basically removed after the step.
4. The invention achieves excellent smelting effect and saves cost by adjusting the prior equipment and parameters; the operation is simple, and key links are controllable; the ingot casting quality can be greatly improved; the defects of subsequent rolling processing are reduced, and the yield is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available by purchase.
Example 1
The method for removing bubbles of the electron beam cold hearth casting titanium and titanium alloy hollow ingots in the embodiment. In this embodiment, the inner diameter is 130 mm × 7500mm, and the feeding end is the tail. The method comprises the following steps:
step one, vacuumizing
And after the feeding is finished, closing the feeding chamber cover, evacuating the feeding chamber by using the vacuum pump set, communicating the feeding chamber with the smelting chamber after the conditions are met, and continuously evacuating. The gun is started to preheat when the vacuum is 0.5Pa, the vacuum pump group is continuously used for vacuumizing the smelting chamber in the preheating process, the materials are discharged to be smelted and ingots are pulled when the vacuum of the smelting chamber is 0.2Pa, a large amount of sponge titanium, alloy and gas in a hearth is reduced under high vacuum, and bubbles in titanium liquid are correspondingly reduced.
Step two, crystallization
When the titanium liquid flows into the refining cold bed, the corresponding electron gun is started, and the power is set to 430 KW. After the liquid level flows into the crystallizer beyond the overflow port of the refining cold bed, the corresponding electron gun of the crystallizer is opened, the power is set to be 330KW, and energy is supplemented according to the smelting speed. In the step, under the conditions of vacuum and stable equipment, the power of an electron gun corresponding to a refining cold bed and a crystallizer is increased, so that bubbles in the titanium liquid are quickly absorbed and expanded to float out of the surface of the titanium liquid, and the bubbles in the titanium liquid are reduced again by continuously vacuumizing. The power is increased, and meanwhile, the smelting speed, the ingot pulling speed and the cooling water flow are adjusted, so that the smelting defect is avoided. The smelting speed is controlled to be 700kg/h, the drawing speed is 11mm/min, and the return water flow of the cooling water of the crystallizer is 1700L/min.
Step three, pulling the ingot
When the liquid level in the crystallizer reaches a set line, ingot pulling is started, at the moment, a crystallizer oil cylinder slightly shakes in the ingot pulling operation process, the frequency is 15HZ, the amplitude is 2mm, at the moment, the ingot pulling speed is noticed, and the defects of ingot pulling cracking and the like caused by the fact that the ingot pulling is too fast are prevented; in the step, the frequency and the amplitude are controlled within a controllable range by adjusting the piston, the stroke and the working pressure of the oil cylinder, bubbles in the titanium liquid in the crystallizer are floated to the surface from the core part by slight shaking of the ingot pulling oil cylinder, and are pumped away by continuous evacuation, and the bubbles in the core part of the titanium liquid are basically removed after the step. The working pressure of the oil cylinder is 150Bar in the smelting process, the stroke of each stage of oil cylinder is 2200mm, and the pulling speed is reduced to 11mm/min after smelting to 5500mm, so that the ingot pulling is carried out stably, and the ingot pulling fluctuation condition is avoided.
Step four, discharging ingots
And cooling for 3 hours after the feeding is finished, and discharging the ingot, wherein the ingot with better internal quality can be obtained.
Example 2
The method for removing bubbles of the electron beam cold hearth casting titanium and titanium alloy hollow ingots in the embodiment. In this embodiment, the inner diameter is 130 mm × 7500mm, and the feeding end is the tail. The method comprises the following steps:
step one, vacuumizing
And after the feeding is finished, closing the feeding chamber cover, evacuating the feeding chamber by using the vacuum pump set, communicating the feeding chamber with the smelting chamber after the conditions are met, and continuously evacuating. The gun is started to preheat when the vacuum is 0.4Pa, the vacuum pump group is continuously used for vacuumizing the smelting chamber in the preheating process, the materials are discharged to be smelted and ingots are pulled when the vacuum of the smelting chamber is 0.2Pa, the sponge titanium, the alloy and the gas in the hearth are greatly reduced under high vacuum, and the bubbles in the titanium liquid are correspondingly reduced.
Step two, crystallization
When the titanium liquid flows into the refining cold bed, the corresponding electron gun is started, and the set power is 450 KW. After the liquid level flows into the crystallizer after passing through the overflow port of the refining cold bed, opening the crystallizer corresponding to the electron gun, setting the power to be 360KW, and supplementing energy according to the smelting speed. In the smelting process, the smelting speed is controlled to be 800kg/h, the drawing speed is 15mm/min, and the return water flow of cooling water of the crystallizer is 1700L/min.
Step three, pulling the ingot
When the liquid level in the crystallizer reaches a set line, ingot pulling is started, at the moment, a crystallizer oil cylinder slightly shakes in the ingot pulling operation process, the ingot pulling speed is noticed, and the defects of ingot pulling cracking and the like caused by the fact that the ingot is pulled too fast are prevented; in the step, the frequency and the amplitude are controlled within a controllable range by adjusting the piston, the stroke and the working pressure of the oil cylinder, bubbles in the titanium liquid in the crystallizer are floated to the surface from the core part by slight shaking of the ingot pulling oil cylinder, and are pumped away by continuous evacuation, and the bubbles in the core part of the titanium liquid are basically removed after the step. The working pressure of an oil cylinder is 150Bar in the smelting process, the stroke of each stage of oil cylinder is 2200mm, the frequency is 18HZ, the amplitude is 4mm, and the pulling speed is reduced to 13mm/min after smelting to 5500mm, so that the ingot pulling is carried out stably, and the ingot pulling fluctuation condition can not occur.
Step four, discharging ingots
And cooling for 4 hours after feeding is finished, and discharging the ingot, wherein the ingot with better internal quality can be obtained.
Example 3
The method for removing bubbles of the electron beam cold hearth casting titanium and titanium alloy hollow ingots in the embodiment. In this embodiment, the inner diameter is 130 mm × 7500mm, and the feeding end is the tail. The method comprises the following steps:
step one, vacuumizing
And after the feeding is finished, closing the feeding chamber cover, evacuating the feeding chamber by using the vacuum pump set, communicating the feeding chamber with the smelting chamber after the conditions are met, and continuously evacuating. And (3) starting a gun to preheat when the vacuum is less than or equal to 0.5Pa, continuously vacuumizing the smelting chamber by using a vacuum pump group in the preheating process, blanking, smelting and pulling ingots when the vacuum of the smelting chamber is less than or equal to 0.2Pa, greatly reducing sponge titanium, alloy and gas in a hearth under high vacuum, and correspondingly reducing bubbles in titanium liquid.
Step two, crystallization
When the titanium liquid flows into the refining cold bed, the corresponding electron gun is started, and the set power is 410 KW. After the liquid level flows into the crystallizer beyond the overflow port of the refining cold bed, the corresponding electron gun of the crystallizer is opened, the power is set to be 320KW, and energy is supplemented according to the smelting speed. In the actual smelting process, the smelting speed is controlled to be 750kg/h, the drawing speed is 13mm/min, and the return water flow of cooling water of the crystallizer is 1700L/min.
Step three, pulling the ingot
When the liquid level in the crystallizer reaches a set line, ingot pulling is started, at the moment, a crystallizer oil cylinder slightly shakes in the ingot pulling operation process, the frequency is 15HZ, the amplitude is 4mm, at the moment, the ingot pulling speed is noticed, and the defects of ingot pulling cracking and the like caused by the fact that the ingot pulling is too fast are prevented; in the step, the frequency and the amplitude are controlled within a controllable range by adjusting the piston, the stroke and the working pressure of the oil cylinder, bubbles in the titanium liquid in the crystallizer are floated to the surface from the core part by slight shaking of the ingot pulling oil cylinder, and are pumped away by continuous evacuation, and the bubbles in the core part of the titanium liquid are basically removed after the step. In the actual smelting process, the working pressure of an oil cylinder is 150Bar, the stroke of each stage of oil cylinder is 2200mm, and the pulling speed is reduced to 13mm/min after smelting to 5500mm, so that the ingot pulling is carried out stably, and the ingot pulling fluctuation condition is avoided;
step four, discharging ingots
And cooling for 4 hours after feeding is finished, and discharging the ingot, wherein the ingot with better internal quality can be obtained.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for removing bubbles of electron beam cold hearth casting titanium and titanium alloy hollow ingots is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), vacuumizing
After the feeding is finished, closing the feeding chamber cover, evacuating the feeding chamber by using a vacuum pump set, communicating the feeding chamber with the smelting chamber after the conditions are met, and continuously evacuating;
step (2), crystallization
Opening a corresponding electron gun when titanium liquid flows into the refining cold bed, opening the corresponding electron gun of the crystallizer after the liquid level flows into the crystallizer through an overflow port of the refining cold bed, and supplementing energy according to the smelting speed; the power is increased, and meanwhile, the smelting speed, the ingot pulling speed and the cooling water flow are adjusted;
step (3) pulling ingot
When the liquid level in the crystallizer reaches a set line, pulling an ingot, and slightly shaking the ingot by an ingot pulling oil cylinder under the condition that the frequency and the amplitude are within a controllable range at a certain ingot pulling speed; the ingot pulling is ensured to be carried out stably, and the ingot pulling fluctuation is avoided;
step (4) discharging ingots
And cooling for 3-4 hours after feeding is finished, and discharging the ingot, wherein the ingot with better internal quality can be obtained.
2. The method for removing bubbles from a titanium or titanium alloy hollow ingot cast by an electron beam cold hearth furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), starting a gun to preheat when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.8Pa, continuously vacuumizing a smelting chamber by using a vacuum pump group in the preheating process, and blanking, smelting and pulling ingots when the vacuum degree of the smelting chamber is less than or equal to 0.6 Pa.
3. The method for removing bubbles from a titanium or titanium alloy hollow ingot cast by an electron beam cold hearth furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), when the titanium liquid flows into the refining cold bed, the power of a corresponding electron gun is started to be 410KW-450 KW; when the corresponding electron gun of the crystallizer is opened, the power is set to be 320KW-360 KW.
4. The method for removing bubbles from a titanium or titanium alloy hollow ingot cast by an electron beam cold hearth furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the frequency is 10-20HZ, and the amplitude is 1-8 mm.
5. The method for removing bubbles from a titanium or titanium alloy hollow ingot cast by an electron beam cold hearth furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the power is increased while the smelting speed, the ingot pulling speed and the cooling water flow are adjusted, the smelting speed is controlled to be 700 plus 800kg/h, the pulling speed is 11-15mm/min, and the return water flow of the cooling water of the crystallizer is about 1700L/min.
6. The method for removing bubbles from a titanium or titanium alloy hollow ingot cast by an electron beam cold hearth furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the pulling speed is reduced to 11-13mm/min after the smelting is carried out to 5500 mm.
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| CN201911013821.8A CN110918906A (en) | 2019-10-23 | 2019-10-23 | Method for removing bubbles of electron beam cold bed furnace casting titanium and titanium alloy hollow ingot |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111945022A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for reducing ingot pulling time of smelting titanium and titanium alloy slab ingot in EB (Electron Beam) furnace |
| CN112011694A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Ingot pulling method for smelting TA10 titanium alloy slab ingot in EB (Electron Beam) furnace |
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| CN112011694A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Ingot pulling method for smelting TA10 titanium alloy slab ingot in EB (Electron Beam) furnace |
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Application publication date: 20200327 |