CN110914274A

CN110914274A - Radiopharmaceuticals, radioimaging agents and uses thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110914274A
Application number: CN201880037177.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尼古拉斯·阿兰·齐亚; 保罗·斯蒂芬·唐纳利
Original assignee: University of Melbourne
Current assignee: Transparent Medicine Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-06-06
Filing date: 2018-06-05
Publication date: 2020-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-05
Also published as: US20220041608A1; JP7144451B2; US20230382918A1; PL3634965T3; EP4209495A1; MX2022002401A; PT3634965T; CN115322244A; EP3634965A4; BR112019025881A2; KR20200011950A; ES2943458T3; RU2019144070A3; DK3634965T3; WO2018223180A1; AU2018280338B2; JP7506121B2; JP2020522478A; EP3634965A1; RU2019144070A

Abstract

The present invention relates to compounds useful as radiopharmaceuticals and radioimaging agents with radionuclide chelators. These coordination compounds are useful in radiotherapy and diagnostic imaging. The invention also relates to methods of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment using the non-coordinating and radiolabeled compounds of the invention.

Description

Radiopharmaceuticals, radioimaging agents and uses thereof

FIELD

The present invention relates to compounds useful as radiopharmaceuticals and radioimaging agents containing radionuclide chelators. These coordination compounds are useful in radiotherapy and diagnostic imaging. The invention also relates to methods of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment using the non-coordinating and radiolabeled compounds of the invention.

Technical Field

Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in men, and its mortality is often attributed to difficulties in the detection and subsequent treatment of the disease. Prostate-associated tumors often show increased expression of the Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA), an enzyme that is commonly expressed in prostate tissue, but is often upregulated in certain prostate cancers. This means that PSMA is a good biomarker or target for imaging, diagnostic, prognostic purposes. However, as PSMA is also expressed in other tissues, both normal and malignant, there are difficulties in successfully imaging prostate cancer.

A radiolabeled compound may be used as a radiopharmaceutical or a radioimaging agent if it can bind sufficiently to the desired site and a radionuclide can also be delivered to the same site for imaging or therapeutic purposes.

Compounds or ligands containing urea-based motifs, such as the following glutamic acid substituted ureas, are known to bind with good affinity to the catalytic site of PSMA.

Although compounds containing this or similar motifs have been synthesized, problems have been observed with their stability or binding behavior in vivo. In order for a compound to be useful for radiographic or radiotherapy, the compound and the resulting complex comprising the radionuclide must be stable in vivo. One of the known problems associated with radiolabeled compounds is that the complex formed with the radionuclide is not sufficiently strong and the radionuclide "bleeds" from the complex and is not delivered to the intended site. Other problems caused by radionuclide bleedout include the diffusion of the radionuclide to unwanted sites. This may result in damage to healthy tissue due to the activity of the radionuclide. Furthermore, the diffusion of radionuclides leads to poor quality images because the contrast between the true binding sites (indicating the location of the tumor) and sites with unwanted radionuclides is reduced.

Other problems associated with radiolabeled compounds include the possibility of radiolysis, where the radioisotope itself can lead to destruction of the compound and subsequent diffusion of the radionuclide. Spontaneous decay of the radionuclide causes radiolysis to occur, and the energy released results in bond cleavage in the ligand and destruction of the complex. Radiolysis also causes the radionuclide to diffuse to unwanted locations, further exacerbating the above problem.

Since the compound is to be administered to a human in need thereof, the compound must also be non-toxic to the subject itself. Another problem associated with the use of radiolabeled compounds for diagnosis, imaging and therapy is the problem of binding affinity. The binding affinity to the target, i.e. PSMA in this case, is low and the complex may not achieve binding and be excreted or may show only limited binding. This results in a reduction in overall efficacy when the complex is immediately excreted. However, where the complex exhibits limited excretion and limited binding, the complex may diffuse throughout the subject and cause the aforementioned adverse effects. Furthermore, limited binding of the complex will likely reduce the time available for acceptable imaging or treatment of tumors.

There is a need for a class of compounds that can provide the desired binding affinity to prostate cancer-associated tumors and also have the ability to provide the necessary imaging properties. It is also desirable that these compounds be sufficiently stable and not decompose during use.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention relates to novel compounds that exhibit improved binding affinity for PSMA. The present inventors have found that the use of an amino acid substituted urea bound to a macrocyclic sarcophagine (sarcophagine) through a specific linker provides a compound that binds to PSMA and, when complexed with a radionuclide, provides good/improved imaging performance.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof:

wherein:

x is selected from H, OH, halogen, cyano, NO₂、NH₂Optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂Alkyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted amide and optionally substituted aryl;

y is optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂Alkylene, wherein one or more methylene groups in the alkylene may be further optionally substituted with a group selected from amide, carbonyl, urea and thiourea;

m is 0,1 or 2;

n is 0,1 or 2.

In one embodiment, the compound, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, has the formula:

in another embodiment, the compound, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, has the formula:

in another aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising a compound according to the preceding aspect and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the present invention provides an aqueous composition for parenteral administration comprising a compound of the above aspect, wherein the composition further comprises: ethanol, gentisic acid or a salt thereof, and sodium chloride.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for the treatment or prevention of a disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the above aspect or a composition according to the above aspect.

Drawings

FIG. 1: at 30 minutes, 2 hours and 22 hours⁶⁴PET imaging of Cu-Sar-PSMA treated NSG mice carrying LNCaPs.

FIG. 2: shown in NSG mice carrying LNCaPs⁶⁴Graph of the biodistribution of Cu-Sar-PSMA at 22 hours versus blood level (right).

FIG. 3: at 1 and 6 hours with⁶⁴PET imaging of Cu-Sar-PSMA treated NSG mice carrying LNCaPs.

FIG. 4: display device⁶⁴The biodistribution of Cu-Sar-PSMA in LNCaP carrying NSG mice at 1 and 6 hours.

FIG. 5: a graph showing the biodistribution of various radiolabeled complexes in LNCaPs xenograft mice, expressed as tumors at 1 hour: the proportion of uptake in the kidney.

FIG. 6: shown in LNCaPs xenografted mice⁶⁴Cu-Sar-PSMA and⁶⁸graph of preclinical biodistribution of Ga-labeled complexes, expressed as tumor at 1 hour: the proportion of uptake in the kidney.

FIG. 7: a graph showing the biodistribution of various radiolabeled complexes in LNCaPs xenograft mice, expressed as the ratio of the total weight of the drug in the tumor: the proportion of uptake in the kidney.

FIG. 8: structure of PSMA ligand targets of the prior art.

FIG. 9: with UV detection at 220nm⁶⁴HPLC chromatograms of Cu-Sar-PSMA (RT: 12.43 min.) compared with natCu-Sar-PSMA (RT: 12.38 min.).

FIG. 10:⁶⁴Cu-CoSar(PSMA)₂radio-HPLC chromatogram of (RT: 13.9 min).

FIG. 11: CoSar (PSMA)₂Analytical HPLC chromatogram of (RT: 10.3 min), UV detection at 220 nm.

Detailed Description

As described and shown herein, the inventors have discovered that compounds comprising an amino acid substituted urea attached to the sarcophagus cage via a linker group can bind to PSMA. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the combination of the amino acid-urea fragment, linker and sarcophagus cage is believed to provide the advantages observed and discussed below.

The complexes described herein are radiolabeled with a radionuclide or radioisotope that undergoes spontaneous decay, with the by-products of such decay being detected by various means, such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). The quality of the images obtained and the confidence in subsequent diagnosis based on these images depends on the ability of the radiolabeled complex to specifically bind to prostate cancer sites.

As used herein, the term "sarcophagus" refers to a nitrogen-containing macrocyclic ligand having the

formula

3,6,10,13,16, 19-hexaazabicyclo [6.6.0] eicosane.

The term "optionally substituted" as used throughout the specification means that the group may or may not be further substituted or fused (to form a fused polycyclic ring system) with one or more non-hydrogen substituent groups. In certain embodiments, the substituents are one or more independently selected from halogen, ═ O, ═ S, -CN, -NO₂、-CF₃、-OCF₃Alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, cycloalkylheteroalkyl, heterocycloalkylheteroalkyl, arylheteroalkyl, heteroarylheteroalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycycloalkyl, alkoxyheterocycloalkyl, alkoxyaryl, alkoxyheteroaryl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, heterocycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkenyloxy, aryloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, acylamino, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyheteroaryl, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, heterocycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, benzyloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylamin,Aminoalkyl, arylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfinylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, sulfinyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, aminosulfinylaminoalkyl, -C (═ O) OH, -C (═ O) R^a、-C(＝O)OR^a、C(＝O)NR^aR^b、C(＝NOH)R^a、C(＝NR^a)NR^bR^c、NR^aR^b、NR^aC(＝O)R^b、NR^aC(＝O)OR^b、NR^aC(＝O)NR^bR^c、NR^aC(＝NR^b)NR^cR^d、NR^aSO₂R^b、-SR^a、SO₂NR^aR^b、-OR^a、OC(＝O)NR^aR^b、OC(＝O)R^aAnd acyl, wherein, R^a、R^b、R^cAnd R^dEach independently selected from H, C₁-C₁₂Alkyl radical, C₁-C₁₂Haloalkyl, C₂-C₁₂Alkenyl radical, C₂-C₁₂Alkynyl, C₂-C₁₀Heteroalkyl group, C₃-C₁₂Cycloalkyl radical, C₃-C₁₂Cycloalkenyl radical, C₂-C₁₂Heterocycloalkyl radical, C₂-C₁₂Heterocycloalkenyl, C₆-C₁₈Aryl radical, C₁-C₁₈Heteroaryl and acyl, or R^a、R^b、R^cAnd R^dTogether with the atoms to which they are attached, form a heterocyclic ring system having from 3 to 12 ring atoms.

In some embodiments, each optional substituent is independently selected from: halogen, ═ O, ═ S, -CN, -NO₂、-CF₃、-OCF₃Alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyaryl, alkoxyheteroaryl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, heterocycloalkaneAryloxy, heterocycloalkenyloxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, acylamino, aminoalkyl, arylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, aminoalkyl, -COOH, -SH and acyl.

Examples of particularly suitable optional substituents include F, Cl, Br, I, CH₃、CH₂CH₃、OH、OCH₃、CF₃、OCF₃、NO₂、NH₂、COOH、COOCH₃And CN.

"alkenyl" as a group or part of a group means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which may be straight or branched, preferably having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and most preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms in the normal chain. The group may contain multiple double bonds in the normal chain, and each orientation is independently E or Z. Exemplary alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, and nonenyl.

Unless otherwise indicated, "alkyl" as a group or part of a group refers to a straight or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group, preferably C₁-C₁₂Alkyl, more preferably C₁-C₁₀Alkyl, most preferably C₁-C₆. Suitable straight and branched chains C₁-C₆Examples of alkyl substituents include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, hexyl and the like.

"alkynyl" as a group or part of a group refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a carbon-carbon triple bond, which may be straight or branched, preferably having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms in its normal chain. Exemplary structures include, but are not limited to, ethynyl and propynyl.

"aryl" as a group or part of a group means: (i) optionally substituted monocyclic or fused polycyclic, aromatic carbocycle (having a ring structure with all ring atoms being carbon), each ring preferably having 5 to 12 atomsExamples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, and the like; (ii) optionally substituted partially saturated bicyclic aromatic carbon ring moiety wherein phenyl and C_5-7Cycloalkyl or C_5-7The cycloalkenyl groups are fused together to form a cyclic structure, such as tetrahydronaphthyl, indenyl, or indanyl. Typically, aryl is C₆-C₁₈And (4) an aryl group.

Unless otherwise indicated, "cycloalkyl" refers to a saturated monocyclic or fused or spirocyclic polycyclic carbocyclic ring, preferably containing from 3 to 9 carbons per ring, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like. It includes monocyclic systems (e.g., cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl), bicyclic systems (e.g., decalin), and polycyclic systems (e.g., adamantane). Cycloalkyl is usually C₃-C₉A cycloalkyl group.

"halogen" represents chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine.

"Heteroalkyl" means a straight or branched chain alkyl group preferably having 2 to 12 carbons, more preferably 2 to 6 carbons in the chain, in which one or more carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are each independently substituted with a heteroatom group selected from S, O, P and NR ', wherein R' is selected from H, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂Alkyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂Cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈Aryl and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈A heteroaryl group. Exemplary heteroalkyl groups include alkyl ethers, secondary and tertiary alkyl amines, amides, alkyl sulfides, and the like. Examples of heteroalkyl groups also include: hydroxy radical C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical C₁-C₆Alkyl, amino C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkylamino radical C₁-C₆Alkyl and di (C)₁-C₆Alkyl) amino C₁-C₆An alkyl group.

"heteroaryl" alone or as part of a group refers to a group containing an aromatic ring (preferably a 5 or 6 membered aromatic ring) wherein one or more heteroatoms as ring atoms are present in the aromatic ring and the remaining ring atoms are carbon atoms. Suitable heteroatoms include nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Examples of heteroaryl groups include thiophene, benzothiophene,benzofuran, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzisothiazole, naphtho [2,3-b ]]Thiophene, furan, isoindoline, xanthine, phenoxathiin, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, tetrazole, indole, isoindole, 1H-indazole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, cinnoline, carbazole, phenanthridine, acridine, phenazine, thiazole, isothiazole, phenothiazine, oxazole, isoxazole, furazan, phenoxazine, 2-, 3-or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-or 8-quinolyl, 1-, 3-, 4-or 5-isoquinolyl, 1-, 2-or 3-indolyl, and 2-or 3-thienyl. Heteroaryl is usually C₁-C₁₈A heteroaryl group.

As used herein, the term "C₁-C₁₂Alkylene "refers to a divalent straight or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group wherein the group has from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the chain.

In one embodiment, X is optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂An alkyl group.

In one embodiment, X is C₁-C₁₂An alkyl group.

In one embodiment, X is optionally substituted C₁-C₃An alkyl group.

In one embodiment, X is C₁-C₃An alkyl group.

In one embodiment, X is methyl.

In one embodiment, X is CH₃。

In one embodiment, X is optionally substituted amino, e.g., -NCH₃。

In one embodiment, X is amino.

In one embodiment, X is an optionally substituted amide. As used herein, the term "amide" refers to a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen atom. Thus, the term "optionally substituted amide" refers to an amide functional group with further substitution.

In one embodiment, X is an optionally substituted amide, e.g.,

in one embodiment, Y is a substituted alkylene.

In one embodiment, Y is unsubstituted alkylene.

In one embodiment, Y is CH₂。

In one embodiment, Y is carbonyl.

In one embodiment, Y is substituted C₁-C₁₂Alkylene groups in which one or more of the methylene groups is further substituted with an amide group, for example,

in one embodiment, n is 1.

In one embodiment, n is 2.

In one embodiment, n is 0.

In one embodiment, m is 1.

In one embodiment, m is 2.

In one embodiment, m is 0.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the formula:

in another embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the formula:

wherein,

the two phenylalanine residues are D-Phe, giving rise to the MeCOSar-D-Phe-D-Phe-AOC-Lys-urea-Glu ligand. The inventors have found that the use of phenylalanine residues for specific D-stereochemistry may result in compounds with improved metabolic stability. In addition, the inventors have also determined that the use of two D-Phe residues in the ligand may increase the hydrophobicity of the compound and the potential pi-pi interaction of the ligand with the binding pocket of the target enzyme.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the formula:

in another embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the formula:

the compounds contain two linkers and two ureido groups that bind to PSMA. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it appears that this compound with two urea motifs may show a further improved binding affinity to PSMA. It is also believed that such a double derivative, i.e., a compound having two linkers and two urea motifs, can provide a better signal-to-noise ratio when used for imaging purposes and compared to a corresponding single compound having a single linker and a urea motif. The dual compounds may also show further improvement in clearance from the kidney when administered. When comparing mono-and bis-compounds, this may be due to differences in overall charge and charge separation and distribution.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the formula:

in another embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the formula:

in another embodiment, the invention provides a compound of the formula:

in one embodiment, the compound is coordinated to a metal ion.

In one embodiment, the metal ion is Cu, Tc, Gd, Ga, In, Co, Re, Fe, Au, Mg, Ca, Ag, Rh, Pt, Bi, Cr, W, Ni, V, Ir, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ru, Pd, Hg, Ti, Lu, Sc, Zr, Pb, Ac, and Y.

In one embodiment, the metal ion is a radionuclide.

In some embodiments, the metal In the metal ion is a radionuclide selected from the group consisting of Cu, Tc, Ga, Co, In, Fe, and Ti. The compounds of the invention have been found to be particularly useful for binding copper ions. In some embodiments, the metal in the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of⁶⁰Cu、⁶¹Cu、⁶²Cu、⁶⁴Cu and⁶⁷radionuclides of the group consisting of Cu. In some embodiments, the metal in the metal ion is⁶⁰And (3) Cu. In some embodiments, the metal in the metal ion is⁶¹And (3) Cu. In some embodiments, the metal in the metal ion is⁶²And (3) Cu. In some embodiments, the metal in the metal ion is⁶⁴And (3) Cu. In some embodiments, the metal in the metal ion is⁶⁷Cu。

The compounds of formula (I) comprise a sarcophagous macrocyclic ligand and a Lys-urea-Glu moiety targeting PSMA. The compound also comprises an intermediate portion connecting the sarcophagus and the PSMA targeting moiety. In formula (I), these include a propyl linkage in combination with two amide groups, two phenylalanine residues, and one aminocaprylic Acid (AOC) group. The propyl linker, phenylalanine residue and aminocaprylic acid group together act as a spacer to separate the sarcophagus and PSMA targeting moiety. A degree of separation between the sarcophagus and PSMA targeting moiety is desirable to ensure that the activities of the two groups do not interfere with each other, however, it is important that the two groups are not spaced too far apart in order to deliver the radionuclide complex to the site of action defined by the PSMA targeting moiety in the presence of the bound radionuclide in the sarcophagus. PSMA targeting moieties comprise a Lys-urea-Glu moietyIt has three carboxyl functional groups that provide the overall negative charge and contribute to the zinc binding domain. The amino octanoic acid group adjacent to the PSMA targeting moiety is designed to provide a length of about

To separate the charge between the PSMA targeting moiety and the rest of the molecule. The two D-phenylalanine residues are hydrophobic in nature and allow pi-pi binding interaction with the active site. These residues also contribute to the metabolic stability of the compound. The propenyl group located between the two amide functions also serves to provide the necessary distance between the macrocyclic ligand (chelating the positively charged Cu ions) and the PSMA targeting moiety. The inventors have found that the compounds according to the invention comprise various fragments (i.e. macrocyclic ligands, linkers and PSMA targeting moieties) which together provide a PSMA binding ligand with the requisite stability and binding affinity.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising a compound as described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described above or a composition thereof.

In one embodiment, the disorder is cancer.

In one embodiment, the disease is breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, head and/or neck cancer, or kidney, stomach, pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, hematologic malignancies such as lymphoma or leukemia.

In one embodiment, the disorder is prostate cancer.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of radioimaging a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or composition thereof as described above.

Ideally, the radiopharmaceutical should remain in the intended target location, but not in any other location, and clear any unbound radiopharmaceutical from the circulatory system. This will then allow images with sufficient contrast to be obtained, which in turn allows more accurate analysis and diagnosis. For this reason, the radiolabeled complex should have physical and chemical properties in which the bound complex remains bound at the desired site for a time sufficient to allow the necessary imaging, but any unbound complex should be removed from the subject to prevent any background radiation caused by the unbound complex, interfering with and reducing the contrast of the acquired image.

The compounds of the invention show a more favorable distribution profile in vivo. FIGS. 2 and 4 show administration to tumor-bearing mice⁶⁴Cu-Sar-PSMA leads to localization of the compound in the tumor rather than in any major organ or blood. Minimizing binding of the radiolabeled complex to other tissues can reduce damage to healthy tissues. This complex showed relatively little accumulation in the bloodstream, which also showed high binding affinity of Sar-PSMA complex to PSMA-expressing tumors.

In contrast to other known radiolabelled complexes (see FIG. 5), for example⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-617、¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA-I&T and⁶⁸Ga-DOTAGA-ffk(PSMA)，⁶⁴the Cu-Sar-PSMA complex showed more tumor uptake. In addition, when considering renal uptake (meaning excretion of the compound), compared to other compounds that show similar binding to the tumor site,⁶⁴Cu-Sar-PSMA showed significantly less renal uptake. FIG. 6 shows⁶⁴Cu-Sar-PSMA complexes and a variety of⁶⁸A similar comparison between Ga complexes shows that use is made of⁶⁴Cu radionuclides may also be used as well⁶⁸The Ga radionuclide complexes bind as well or are used in comparison with⁶⁸Complexes of Ga radionuclides bind better to tumors. In addition, and have⁶⁸Compared with the complex of the Ga radioactive nuclide,⁶⁴the Cu-Sar-PSMA complex showed less renal uptake.

Subsequently, the present inventors found that Sar-PSMA ligands and⁶⁴the Cu radionuclide shows better affinity to the tumor site andbetter clearance from the kidney after administration. These advantages allow better imaging results to be obtained, i.e. higher affinity to the tumor site provides an image with better contrast, since the radionuclide is mainly located at the target site and unbound ligands are better removed from the circulation, thereby reducing background accumulation. This may then improve the diagnosis of tumours such as prostate cancer. The increased affinity for the tumor binding site also indicates that the radionuclide has less diffusion to other tissues, thereby improving the quality of the images obtained. Furthermore, minimizing the diffusion of the radionuclide to non-tumor sites means that less radiolabeled complex is required for administration and any deleterious effects of the radioactive complex are localized so that healthy tissue is not affected.

The inventors have found that the compounds of the present invention can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic compounds. The diagnostic method allows the same compound to be used for diagnosis and treatment of indications, with advantages compared to the diagnosis with one compound and the treatment with another compound. Overall, this may improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of a particular disease. This is in contrast to conventional methods, where ligands with specific isotopes may be suitable for diagnosing disease, but the same combination of ligand and isotope may not be suitable for treating disease. This then requires modification of the ligand, the isotope, or both the ligand and the isotope in order to treat the disease.

FIG. 7 shows the accumulation of radiolabeled complex in the tumor and kidney over time.

In application of⁶⁴In the case of the Cu-Sar-PSMA complex, the ratio of tumor-localized complex to tumor-localized complex increased up to 24 hours. FIG. 7 shows the tumor sites after 1 hour⁶⁴The absorption of the Cu-Sar-PSMA complex was greater than that of the other radiolabeled complexes, indicating that⁶⁴The absorption rate of the Cu-Sar-PSMA complex is faster than that of the other comparative complexes. Furthermore, the ratio of complex in the tumor to the kidney did not increase until 24 hours, indicating that the complex has a favourable binding affinity for the tumor. This has the advantage that the complex remainsLonger time integration allows imaging of the object during this time period, which results in better quality and higher contrast images. This then allows a more accurate diagnosis of the disease.

⁶⁴The Cu-Sar-PSMA complex showed higher binding affinity than other radiolabeled complexes, which also suggests that the same complex may be used therapeutically. Since the therapeutic properties of the complex depend on the delivery of the radionuclide to the target site, i.e. the tumor, good specificity and affinity for the tumor site is essential. This allows the radionuclide to deliver the radiotherapy effect to the desired site and prevent damage to other tissues. Furthermore, the ability of the radiolabeled complex to remain bound to the target site allows for the delivery of a prolonged therapeutic effect, which increases the efficiency of the therapeutic approach.

The inventors have now shown that it is possible to,⁶⁴the Cu-Sar-PSMA radiolabeled complex has sufficient binding specificity and affinity for the target PSMA site such that administration of a therapeutically effective amount of the radiolabeled complex is useful for treating prostate cancer.

The inventors have now also shown that Sar-PSMA complexes radiolabeled with copper isotopes are useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. For example,⁶⁴the Cu-Sar-PSMA radiolabeled complexes may be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.⁶⁷The Cu-Sar-PSMA radiolabeled complexes may also be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to salts that retain the desired biological activity of the above compounds, including pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and base addition salts. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared from inorganic or organic acids. Examples of such inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. Suitable organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, heterocyclic carboxylic and sulfonic organic acids, such as formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, fumaric, maleic, alkyl sulfonic and aryl sulfonic acids. Additional information on pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,19th Edition, mack publishing co., Easton, PA 1995. In the case of solid reagents, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the compounds, reagents and salts of the invention may exist in different crystalline or polymorphic forms, all of which are intended to be within the scope of the invention and the specific chemical structure.

The term "therapeutically effective amount" or "effective amount" is an amount sufficient to produce a beneficial or desired clinical result. An effective amount may be administered in one or more administrations. An effective amount is generally sufficient to alleviate, ameliorate, stabilize, reverse, slow or delay the progression of the disease state. An effective amount of the radiographic image is generally sufficient to identify the radionuclide in the subject.

Monitoring the location of the radiolabeled material of the subject will typically provide the analyst with information about the location of the radiolabeled material and thus any material targeted by the molecular recognition moiety (e.g., cancerous tissue). The effective amount of a compound of the invention will depend on many factors and will necessarily involve a balance between the amount of radioactivity required to achieve the desired radiographic effect and the general benefit of avoiding exposure of the subject (or its tissues or organs) to any unnecessary levels of harmful radiation.

The therapeutic methods of the invention comprise administering a compound of formula (I) complexed with a radionuclide. The compounds of formula (I) are capable of delivering a radionuclide to a desired location in the body where its mode of action is desired.

The therapeutically effective amount can be readily determined by the attending physician using conventional techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining a therapeutically effective amount, a number of factors are considered, including but not limited to the species, size, age, and general health of the animal, the particular condition involved, the severity of the condition, the patient's response to treatment, the particular radiolabeled compound administered, the mode of administration, the bioavailability of the formulation, the selected dosage regimen, the use of other drugs, and other relevant circumstances.

In addition, the treatment regimen will typically involve multiple cycles of radiation therapy that continue until the condition is alleviated. Again, the optimal number of cycles and the interval between each treatment cycle will depend on a number of factors, such as the severity of the condition being treated, the health of the subject being treated (or its lack) and its response to radiation therapy. In general, optimal dosages and optimal treatment regimens can be readily determined by those skilled in the art using well known techniques.

Where compounds of the invention are used, they may be administered in any form or manner that makes the compounds useful for the desired application (imaging or radiotherapy). One skilled in the art of preparing formulations of this type can readily select the appropriate form and mode of administration, depending on the particular characteristics of the compound selected, the condition being treated, the stage of the condition being treated, and other relevant circumstances. We provide the reader with information on Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,19^thedition, Mack Publishing Co. (1995).

The compounds of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient in the form of a pharmaceutical composition. Although the compounds of the present invention are effective per se, they are generally formulated and administered in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, since these forms are generally more stable, more readily crystallized and have increased solubility.

However, the compounds are generally used in the form of pharmaceutical compositions, which are formulated according to the desired mode of administration. The compositions are prepared in a manner well known in the art.

In other embodiments, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical package or kit comprising one or more containers containing one or more of the ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In such a package or kit, at least one container with a unit dose of medicament may be found. Conveniently, in the kit, a single dose may be provided in a sterile vial so that the clinician can use the vial directly, wherein the vial will have the desired amount and concentration of the compound and the radionucleotide, which may be mixed prior to use. Associated with such containers may be various written materials, such as instructions for use, or a notice in the form of a government agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of a pharmaceutical, imaging or biological product, which notice reflects approval by the agency of manufacture, use or sale for human administration.

The compounds of the invention may be used or administered with one or more additional drugs that are anti-cancer drugs and/or methods for treating such disorders/diseases (e.g., surgery, radiation therapy). The components may be administered in the same formulation or in separate formulations. If administered in separate formulations, the compounds of the invention may be administered sequentially or simultaneously with other drugs.

In addition to being able to be administered in combination with one or more other drugs including anticancer drugs, the compounds of the present invention may also be used in combination therapy. After this procedure, the compounds are usually administered in combination with each other. Thus, one or more compounds of the invention may be administered simultaneously (as a combined preparation) or sequentially to achieve the desired effect. This is particularly desirable when the therapeutic properties of each compound differ such that the combined action of the two drugs provides an improved therapeutic effect.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention for parenteral injection comprise pharmaceutically acceptable sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, and sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions just prior to use. Examples of suitable aqueous and non-aqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles include: water, ethanol, polyols (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (e.g., olive oil), and injectable organic esters, such as ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating material, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions and by the use of surfactants.

These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying, and dispersing agents. Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be ensured by including various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, sodium chloride, and the like. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought about by the inclusion of agents which delay absorption such as aluminum monostearate and gelatin.

If desired, and for more efficient distribution, the compounds can be incorporated into slow release or targeted delivery systems, such as polymer matrices, liposomes, and microspheres.

The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides an aqueous composition of a compound of formula (I):

wherein: x is selected from H, OH, halogen, cyano, NO₂、NH₂Optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂Alkyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted amide and optionally substituted aryl;

y is optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂Alkylene, wherein one or more methylene groups in the alkylene are optionally substituted with a group selected from amide, carbonyl, urea, and thiourea;

m is 0,1 or 2;

n is 0,1 or 2;

wherein the compound of formula (I) is complexed with Cu ions;

wherein the composition further comprises: ethanol, gentisic acid or a salt thereof, and sodium chloride.

The present inventors have found that the use of gentisic acid and ethanol in the composition of the compound of formula (I) with complexed Cu ions may help to prevent or minimise radiolysis of the radiolabelled complex.

In the above examples, the compositions of the present invention comprise ethanol as a component. The ethanol used in the composition may be anhydrous ethanol. Alternatively, the ethanol used in the composition may not have undergone a drying process and may be hydrated. The ethanol is preferably pharmaceutical grade ethanol. The presence of ethanol in the composition may help to prevent radiolysis of the radiolabeled complex of formula (I).

In the above examples, the compositions of the present invention also included sodium chloride as a component. The sodium chloride in the formulation of the present invention may be provided in the form of a salt solution. The salt solution is defined as an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. For example, physiological saline is defined as an aqueous solution of sodium chloride at a concentration of 0.9% (w/v). In one embodiment of the invention, the sodium chloride of the formulation is provided by a saline solution.

In the above embodiments, the composition of the present invention comprises gentisic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrate thereof as a component. Gentisic acid is also known as 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 5-hydroxy salicylic acid or hydroquinone carboxylic acid. Salts of gentisic acid may include sodium salts and sodium salt hydrates. Where relevant, any reference to gentisic acid may include a reference to a salt thereof. The present inventors have determined that gentisic acid or a salt thereof in the composition of the invention may help to prevent or minimise radiolysis of the radiolabelled complex of formula (I).

Oral solid dosage forms include capsules, tablets, pills, powders and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is admixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier, such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders, such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid; b) binders, such as carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose and acacia, c) humectants, such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents, such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarders, such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators, such as quaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents, such as cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents, such as kaolin and bentonite, and i) lubricants, such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate and mixtures thereof. For capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents.

Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugars, as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.

Solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and may also have a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferably, in certain parts of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that may be used include polymeric substances and waxes.

If desired and for more efficient distribution, the compounds can be incorporated into slow release or targeted delivery systems, such as polymer matrices, liposomes, and microspheres.

The active compounds can also be in microencapsulated form, if appropriate with one or more of the abovementioned excipients.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1, 3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and esters of fatty acid sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.

In addition to inert diluents, oral compositions can also contain adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.

Suspensions, in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspending agents as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, and mixtures thereof.

As noted above, the compounds of the examples are useful for treating and/or detecting proliferative diseases. Examples of such cell proliferative diseases or disorders include cancer (including any metastatic cancer), psoriasis and smooth muscle cell proliferative diseases, such as restenosis. The compounds of the invention are particularly useful for the treatment and/or detection of tumors, such as breast, colon, lung, ovarian, prostate, head and/or neck cancer, or renal, gastric, pancreatic and brain cancer, as well as hematological malignancies, such as lymphomas and leukemias. In addition, the compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment and/or detection of proliferative diseases that are refractory to the treatment and/or detection of other anticancer agents. For the treatment and/or detection of hyperproliferative diseases, such as leukemia, psoriasis and restenosis. In other embodiments, the compounds of the invention are useful for treating and/or detecting pre-cancerous conditions or hyperplasia, including familial adenomatous polyposis, adenomatous polyposis coli, myeloid dysplasia, endometrial hyperplasia complications, cervical dysplasia, vaginal intraepithelial hyperplasia, benign hyperplasia, laryngeal papilloma, actinic and solar keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, and acanthoma angulatus.

Synthesis of Compounds of the invention

The reagents of the various examples can be prepared using reaction schemes and synthetic schemes described below, using techniques available in the art, using readily available starting materials. The preparation of specific compounds of the examples is described in detail in the following examples, but the skilled person will recognize that the chemical reactions described may be readily adapted to prepare many other reagents of the various examples. For example, the synthesis of non-exemplified compounds can be successfully performed by modifications apparent to those skilled in the art, e.g., by appropriate protection of interfering groups, by alteration to other suitable reagents known in the art, or by routine modification of reaction conditions. A list of suitable protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis may be found in T.W.Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,3^rdEdition,John Wiley&Sons, 1991. Alternatively, other reactions disclosed herein or known in the art will be recognized as having other reagents for making the various embodimentsSuitability of the compound. Reagents for synthesizing the compounds may be obtained or prepared according to techniques known in the art.

Example 1

Synthesis of Sar-PSMA

Scheme 1 outlines the synthetic route to Sar-PSMA1 compounds.

MeCOSar-D-Phe-Aoc-Lys-urea-Glu ligand 1, wherein Aoc ═ 8-aminocaprylic acid (i.e., Sar-PSMA) was prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis. The glutamic acid-urea-lysine binding motif is synthesized by reacting imidazole-activated and protected glutamic acid with protected L-lysine immobilized on Wang resin. The peptide linker was attached to the epsilon-amine of lysine by solid phase peptide synthesis using standard Fmoc protocol. By reacting (tBoc)_4-5Coupling of the chelator is carried out by reaction of MeCOSar with a linker-urea protected on the side chain on a solid support. Sar-PSMA was cleaved from the resin and simultaneously deprotected (TFA/TIPS/H20).

⁶⁴Radiolabeling of Sar-PSMA with Cu

In aqueous solution (0.1 MNH) at room temperature₄OAc, pH8, 1-10nmolSar Sar-PSMA) in a pharmaceutical composition⁶⁴Cu^IISar-PS MA ligand 1 was radiolabeled. 64Cu-Sar-PSMA was obtained in > 94% yield (n.d.c.) and > 97% radiochemical yield (7.95-21.9 GBq/. mu.mol) from solid phase cartridges (Phenomenex Strata-X RP60 mg/mL).

Scheme 1

Synthesis of activated Glu intermediate 3

The literature: duspara, P.A.; islam, m.s.; lough, a.j.; batey, R.A., Synthesis and resolution of N-alkyl carboxylic acids, displacement of N-methyl carboxylic acids as a methyl isocyanate equivalent.J. Org Chem 2012,77(22), 10362-8.

To a solution containing L-bis (tBu) Glu

To a flask of HCl2(3.56g, 12.04mmol, 1.0eq) and carbonyldiimidazole (2.15g, 13.24mmol, 1.1eq) was added 1: 5 DMF/MeCN mixture (50 mL). The reaction was stirred at rt overnight. After stirring, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the remaining crude mixture was dissolved and purified by flash chromatography (mobile phase: 7: 3: 1 white spirit/chloroform/methanol, Rf: -0.24, 30: 1 silica/crude mass ratio) to give the product as a white semi-crystalline powder (2.25g, 52.9% yield).

Fmoc-Lys (DDiv) -OH loading in Wang resin

To a 50mL fluoroalcon tube containing Wang resin (1.028g, 1.15mmol/g, 1.18mmol) was added preactivated in DMF

A mixture of Fmoc-Lys (DDiv) -OH (2.038g, 3.55mmol, 3.0eq), HCTU (1.33g, 3.5mmol, 2.96eq), DIPEA (1.24mL, 7.09mmol, 6eq), DMAP (43.3mg, 0.355mmol, 0.3 eq). The resin was allowed to react by placing it on a shaker for 2 hours. Acetic anhydride (223 μ L, 2.36mmol, 2eq) and pyridine (190 μ L, 2.36mmol, 2eq) were then added to the reaction mixture to cover the remaining functional groups of the resin and stirred for 30 minutes. The resin was then filtered and washed with DMF X3, DCM X3, MeOH X2 and Et₂Ox 2 was washed, dried, and weighed to determine the final resin loading (0.759 mmol/g). Resin loading was determined as follows:

synthesis of resin-protected KuE4

The Sar-PSMA ligand was synthesized from the KuE motif on the resin under standard Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis conditions.

General Fmoc deprotection protocol

Resin bound peptide 4 was treated with 20% piperidine in DMF for 5 min three times. The resin was then washed sequentially with DMF X3 and DCM X3.

TNBSA test for confirmation of coupling/deprotection reactions

Each coupling/deprotection step was qualitatively tested using the TNBSA (trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid) test. A small portion of the resin (about 20 beads) was placed in an Eppendorf tube. TNBSA (10 μ L of 5% DMF solution) and DIPEA (10 μ L of 5% DMF solution) were added, and the mixture was stirred for 2 min. If no color change of the resin is observed, the test indicates the absence of primary amine, while the orange color of the resin indicates the presence of free primary amine.

After deprotection, activated Glu intermediate 3(0.95g, 2.69mmol, 2.0eq) and DIPEA (240 μ l, 1.38mmol, 1.0eq) in DMF (5mL) were added to the resin. The resin was stirred manually for 24 h and washed with DMF X3 and DCM X3. After confirmation and testing of cleavage/MS by TNBSA coupling, the DDiv group was deprotected by treatment with DMF x 3 containing 2% hydrazine hydrate to give 5.

General protocol for Fmoc-amino acid coupling to resin

Fmoc amino acids (3eq) were activated using a DMF solution containing HCTU (0.96 eq relative to AA) and DIPEA (2eq relative to AA). After 5 minutes, the solution was added to the resin and stirred intermittently. After 20 min, the resin was filtered and washed sequentially with DMF × 1, DCM × 3 and DMF × 3 to give 6.

Coupling of MeCOSar to the PSMA ligand on the resin yielded 7

BocMeCosar (0.464g, 0.5mmol, 1.2eq) was activated using a DMF solution containing HCTU (0.207g), HOBt (67.6mg) and DIPEA (174. mu.L). After 5 minutes, the solution was added to resin 6(0.4mmol) and stirred intermittently. After 24 h, the resin was filtered and washed sequentially with DMF X1, DCM X3 and DMF X3.

Resin cleavage protocol to yield 1

Resin 7 was washed several times with DCM and then transferred to a 50mL Falcon tube. 95:2.5:2.5TFA/TIPS/H₂O (15mL) was added to the resin and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The resin was filtered and washed twice with 3ml of LTFA. The filtrate was collected and TFA was in N₂The mixture is evaporated by flowing down. Add excess Cold Et₂The crude peptide was O precipitated and centrifuged. Pour Et₂O, and the process was repeated 3 times. The precipitated crude peptide was dried and weighed and purified by preparative HPLC.

HPLC purification

The crude peptide (818mg) was dissolved in a solvent containing

H of 22% MeCN₂O (6.4mL) in water and RP-HPLC (24% isocratic elution for 60 min) at Kinetex5Mu.l of 100A AXIA-packed C1821.2X 150mm semi-preparative column at a flow rate of 5 mL/min. The fractions containing the product were isolated and lyophilized to give product 1 as a fluffy white powder (58.5mg, 16.1% based on the resin used).

Radiolabelling

Will be equally divided⁶⁴Cu^II(30-200MBq，0.1MNH₄OAc, pH 6) is added to a solution comprising: Sar-PSMA1 (5. mu.g, 4.3X 10)^-3μ mol) of MilliQ water, NH at pH5₄OAc (final concentration: 0.05M), ethanol (10%), and gentisic acid in MilliQ water (final concentration: 0.056%), and the pH (pH: 5) were measured. The reaction was incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, an aliquot was analyzed by RP-HPLC to determine the product with > 98% radiochemical purity⁶⁴Cu-Sar-PSMA。

Plasma stability

Add to 200. mu.L of fresh human plasma at 37 ℃⁶⁴A saline solution of Cu-Sar-PSMA (100uL, 8.8MBq,<10% EtOH) and the mixture was incubated at 37 ℃ for 24 hours. After 24 hours, cold acetonitrile (600 μ L) was added. The precipitated serum proteins were separated by centrifugation (13000rpm) and 300. mu.L of the supernatant was removed and concentrated by evaporation. The solution was diluted with water (100. mu.L) and the product was analyzed by RP-HPLC.

Tumor imaging of LNCaP tumor-bearing mice

Studies in NSG (NOD SCID Gamma) mice bearing LNCaP tumors at 1, 6 and 22 hours post-injection⁶⁴In vivo biodistribution of CuSarPSMA. At the time of 1 hour, the time of the reaction,⁶⁴CuSarPSMA showed the highest uptake in the kidney, resulting in a low tumor/kidney ratio (fig. 5). However, the biodistribution data showed that at later time points, the kidney cleared rapidly and the tumor remained moderately. Although moderately retained in the tumor⁶⁴Cu-Sar-PSMA, but there is a clear contrast due to the rapid clearance from the circulation and little background accumulation after 6 h. In addition, low uptake in other PSMA positive tissues (lung, spleen) allows⁶⁴High tumor to background ratio of Cu-Sar-PSMA.

Example 2

CoSar(PSMA)₂Synthesis of (2)

Synthesis of activated glutamic acid intermediates

To the solution containing L-bis (tbu) Glu

A flask of HCl (3.56g, 12.04mmol, 1.0eq) and carbonyldiimidazole (2.15g, 13.24mmol, 1.1eq) was charged with DMF/MeCN (50mL) of 1: 5, mixing the mixture. The reaction was stirred at rt overnight. After stirring, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the remaining crude mixture was dissolved and purified by flash chromatography (mobile phase: 7: 3: 1 white spirit/chloroform/methanol, RF: -0.24, 30: 1 silica/crude mass ratio) to give the product as a white semi-crystalline powder (2.25g, 52.9% yield).

Synthesis of protected ureas

A solution of activated Glu intermediate (3.71g, 10.5mmol, 1.0eq) and DIPEA (1.83mL, 10.5mmol, 1eq)) in DCM (30mL) was added to a flask containing H-Lys (Fmoc) -OtBu & HCl (4.84g, 10.5mmol, 1.0eq) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with water X3, brine and MgSO₄Dried and loaded onto an 80g sieve HP Silica column and purified by a Biotage Isolera automated flash chromatography purification system (mobile phase: 70: 30: 2.5 petroleum spirit/chloroform/methanol). Analysis by TLC (mobile phase: 7: 3: 1 white spirit/chloroform/methanol, RF:. about.0.30), combining, and removing solvent in vacuo gave 5.06g, 68% of the product as a yellow oil.

ESIMS⁺[M+H⁺]m/z710.386 (experiment), m/z710.401 (calculation).

Fmoc urea cleavage

To a flask containing protected urea (5.06g, 7.13mmol, 1eq) was added a 20% solution of diethylamine in MeCN (100mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 hours. Aliquots were periodically removed to analyze reaction completion by MS. After 7 hours, diethylamine and MeCN were reduced to 5mL under vacuum, and 50mL of MeCN was additionally added to azeotropically evaporate the diethylamine 3 times by a rotary evaporator. The reaction mixture was again reduced to 5mL, 200mL of 50/50 water/MeCN was added, and the reaction mixture was lyophilized. The final product is used without further purification due to impurities resulting from incomplete removal of the dibenzofullerene moiety. (estimated purity 70%) ESIMS⁺[M+H⁺]m/z (experiment), m/z 488.333 (calculation).

Synthesis of 8-Aoc-ff linker on resin

The following Fmoc experimental protocol was used to prepare the 8-Aoc-ff linker.

General Fmoc deprotection protocol

The resin bound peptide was treated with 20% piperidine in DMF for 15 min × 3. The resin was then washed sequentially with DMF X3 and DCM X3.

Experimental protocol for Fmoc-aminocaprylic acid (Fmoc-8-Aoc-OH) loading on 2-CT resin

80mL of LPCM containing Fmoc-8-Aoc-OH (5.00g, 13.1mmol, 1.75eq) and DIPEA (2eq relative to AA) was added to 2-CT resin (7.50g, 1mmol/g, 1eq) and stirred. After 2 hours, 8mM LEOH was added and the resin was stirred for an additional 30 minutes. The resin was filtered and washed successively with DCM X3, DMF X3, DCM X3, MeOH X2 and Et₂O × 2 washing and drying. The resin loading was calculated using the following equation to give 0.628mmol/g (6.16 mmol in total)

Experimental protocol for Fmoc-D-Phe-OH coupling to resin

Fmoc-D-Phe-OH (2eq) was activated using a solution of HATU (0.96 eq relative to AA) and DIPEA (2eq relative to AA) in NMP. After 5 minutes, the solution was added to the resin and stirred for at least 12 hours. The resin was filtered and washed sequentially with DMF X1, DCM X3 and DMF X3. Then, the coupling was repeated for at least 12 hours as described above, followed by filtration and washing with DMF × l, DCM × 3 and DMF × 3 in this order.

Resin cleavage protocol

The resin was washed several times with DCM and then transferred to two 50mL Falcon tubes. A solution of 5% TFA in DCM (75mL) was added to the resin and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The resin was filtered and washed twice with 15mL of 5% TFA in DCM. Collecting the filtrate and adding to N₂The reducing solvent is flowed down. The crude peptide was redissolved in 50/50 water/MeCN and lyophilized to give the crude peptide. The crude peptide was used without further purification.

Trifluoroacetamide protection

To a flask containing the crude peptide linker (1.35g, 2.98mmol, 1eq if pure) was added ethyl trifluoroacetate (0.532mL, 4.47mmol, 1.5eq) and DIPEA (1.04mL, 5.96mmol, 2eq) in MeOH (10 mL). The reaction was stirred at rt overnight and monitored by MS and analytical HPLC for complete conversion of the starting material. MeOH was reduced in vacuo and EtOAc/0.01MHCl was added to the reaction. The organic layer was separated and washed with 0.01MHCl 3 and brine, MgSO₄Drying, and removal of the solvent in vacuo, dried to give the crude product (0.985g), which was used without further purification. Orbitrap-MS⁺[M+H⁺]M/z 550.253 (experiment), M/z 550.252 (calculation), [2M + H⁺]m/z 1099.498 (experiment), m/z 1099.497 (calculation).

Urea linker coupling

To a flask containing crude TFA-protected linker (0.985g, 1.79mmol, 1eq if neat) was added a solution of HATU (0.608g, 1.6mmol, 0.89eq) and DIPEA (0.56mL, 3.2mmol, 1.79eq) in DMF (5mL) and stirred at room temperature. After the lapse of 5 minutes, the reaction mixture was,the deprotected urea (about 1.5mmol) was added and the reaction was monitored by MS and analytical HPLC overnight. After 24 hours, K is added₂CO₃Aqueous solution and the reaction was heated to 60 ℃ overnight and monitored for the removal of the trifluoroacetamide protecting group. The reaction was diluted with water (150mL) and Et₂And (4) carrying out O × 3 extraction. The ether fractions were combined, washed with water, 0.01M HCl X3 and brine, and MgSO₄And (5) drying. The aqueous layer was acidified with 0.1M HCl and Et₂O extraction, washing with water, 0.01M HCl and brine, and MgSO₄And (5) drying. The ether layers were combined, the solvent removed in vacuo, and the crude product was dissolved in 80% MeCN in water and subjected to RP-HPLC (60-77% in 35 min) at Phenomenex Luna 5. mu.

C1821.2X 250mm half column purification, flow rate of 8 mL/min. The fractions containing the product were collected and lyophilized to give the product as a fluffy white powder (49.6mg, 98% + purity). Orbitrap-MS⁺[M+H⁺]M/z 923.586 (experiment), [ M +2H⁺]M/z462.297 (calculated), [ M +2H⁺]m/z462.297 (experiment), m/z 462.296 (calculation).

(tBoc)_4-5Synthesis of CoSar-Plus

(tBoc)_4-5CoSar-Plus can be expressed as Ma, m.t.; cooper, m.s.; paul, r.l.; shaw, k.p.; karas, j.a.; scanlon, d.; white, j.m.; power, p.j.; donnelly, p.s.inorg Chem 2011,50,6701.

CoSar-(PSMA)₂Synthesis of (2)

Adding a solution containing

(tBoc)_4-5COSar-Plus (25.3mg, 0.027mmol, 1eq), HATU (20.4mg, 0.054mmol, 2eq) and DIPEA (18.7 μ L, 0.107mmol, 4eq.) in NMP solution (500 μ L). The mixture was shaken for 10 minutes to activate it, then added to a 2mL microwave bottle containing pure PSMA linker-urea (49.6mg, 0.054mmol, 2eq) in NMP (400 μ L).The reaction was stirred in a microwave reactor at 60 ℃ for 10 minutes, cooled and analyzed by MS and analytical HPLC to show complete consumption of starting material. To the reaction material was added 1.8mL of 72% aqueous MeCN solution and by RP-HPLC (60-90% over 60 min) at 5. mu.l Phenomenex Luna

Purification was carried out on a C1821.2X 250mm semipreparative column at a rate of 8 mL/min. The product containing fractions were collected and lyophilized to give the protected product as a fluffy white powder (14.0mg, 5.08 μmol, 18.9% yield). The protected product was dissolved in 95% TFA water overnight, diluted with 50/50 MeCN/water, and lyophilized to give the tris-trifluoroacetate monohydrate salt as a white powder (12.1mg, 5.08. mu. mol) (RT: 10.3) min, 96.4% purity). Orbitrap-MS + [ M +2H +]M/z 1009.065 (experiment), M/z 1009.066 (calculation), [ M +3H +]m/z 673.046 (experiment), m/z 673.046 (calculation).

Radiolabelling

Will be provided with⁶⁴Cu^IIAn aliquot of (100-400MBq, 0.01M HCl) was added to a solution containing 0.1M NH₄OAc, pH5.5 (500. mu.L), ethanol (100. mu.L), MilliQ water (300. mu.L) and gentisic acid (1.2mg, 10mg/mL in MilliQ water), pH was determined (pH: 5). To this solution CoSar- (PSMA)₂(20μg，8.4×10^-3μ mol, 1mg/mL in MilliQ) and the reaction was incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, an aliquot was analyzed by RP-HPLC to determine the product with > 97% radiochemical purity⁶⁴Cu-CoSar(PSMA)₂(rt：13.9min)。

Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

Reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that prior publication (or information) or part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates.

Claims

1. A compound of formula (I) or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof:

wherein:

m is 0,1 or 2; and is

n is 0,1 or 2.

2. The compound of claim 1, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein: x is optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂An alkyl group.

3. The compound of claim 1, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein:

x is an optionally substituted amide.

4. The compound of claim 3, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or product thereof, wherein:

x is a group

5. The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein:

y is a substituted alkylene group.

6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein:

y is an alkylene group substituted with an amide group.

7. The compound of claim 6, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein:

y is alkylene further substituted by carbonyl.

8. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein:

y is the group

9. The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein:

y is an unsubstituted alkylene group.

10. The compound of claim 9, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein:

y is C₁An alkylene group.

11. The compound of claim 9 or 10, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein:

y is methylene.

12. The compound of any one of claims 1-11, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein:

m is 1.

13. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 12, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein:

n is 1.

14. The compound of claim 1, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound has the formula:

15. the compound of claim 1, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound has the formula:

16. the compound of claim 1, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound has the formula:

17. the compound of claim 1, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound has the formula:

18. the compound of claim 1, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound has the formula:

19. the compound of claim 1, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound has the formula:

20. the compound of any one of claims 1 to 16, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is coordinated with a metal ion.

21. The compound according to claim 17, or a salt, complex, isomer, solvate or prodrug thereof,

the metal ions are Cu, Tc, Gd, Ga, In, Co, Re, Fe, Au, Mg, Ca, Ag, Rh, Pt, Bi, Cr, W, Ni, V, Ir, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ru, Pd, Hg, Ti, Lu, Sc and Y.

22. The compound of claim 17 or 18, wherein the metal ion is a radionuclide.

23. The compound of any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the metal ion is a copper ion.

24. The compound of any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the metal ion is selected from⁶⁰Cu、⁶²Cu、⁶⁴Cu and⁶⁷Cu。

25. a composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1 to 24 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

26. An aqueous composition for parenteral administration comprising a compound of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the composition further comprises: ethanol, gentisic acid or a salt thereof, and sodium chloride.

27. The aqueous composition of claim 26, wherein the compound of formula (I) is complexed with Cu ions.

28. The aqueous composition of claim 27, wherein the Cu ions are selected from⁶⁰Cu、⁶²Cu、⁶⁴Cu and⁶⁷Cu。

29. the aqueous composition of any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein the compound of formula (I) is

30. A method of treating or preventing a disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 24 or a composition according to any one of claims 25 to 29.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein the disease is cancer.

32. The method of claim 30, wherein the condition is selected from breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, head and/or neck cancer, kidney, stomach, pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, hematologic malignancies, lymphomas, and leukemias.

33. The method of any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein the condition is prostate cancer.

34. A method of radioimaging a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 24 or a composition according to any one of claims 25 to 29.