CN110913501A - Consensus method suitable for wireless block chain network - Google Patents

Consensus method suitable for wireless block chain network Download PDF

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CN110913501A
CN110913501A CN201911087282.2A CN201911087282A CN110913501A CN 110913501 A CN110913501 A CN 110913501A CN 201911087282 A CN201911087282 A CN 201911087282A CN 110913501 A CN110913501 A CN 110913501A
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CN110913501B (en
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于东晓
李峰
徐强
邹逸飞
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Shandong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/12—Applying verification of the received information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1095—Replication or mirroring of data, e.g. scheduling or transport for data synchronisation between network nodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种适用于无线区块链网络中的共识方法，包括以下步骤：(1)领导选举阶段：选举出无线区块链网络中唯一一个leader矿工节点；(2)区块提议阶段：由选举阶段产生的leader矿工节点进行新区块的生成和广播；(3)区块验证阶段：其他矿工节点对新区块进行验证并将验证结果反馈给leader矿工节点；(4)区块链更新阶段：leader矿工节点根据其他节点验证信息决定是否更新本地区块链，达成共识。该方法可在矿工节点间传输信息不确定且传输信道不稳定的情况下，通过工作量证明计算、物理载波侦听和设置节点间传输规则等方法，使得整个区块链网络中所有节点在最佳的运行轮数内达成共识，并且在一定程度上避免了区块链网络中的分叉问题。

Figure 201911087282

The invention discloses a consensus method suitable for a wireless blockchain network, comprising the following steps: (1) a leader election stage: electing the only leader miner node in the wireless blockchain network; (2) a block proposal stage : The leader miner node generated in the election stage generates and broadcasts new blocks; (3) Block verification stage: other miner nodes verify the new block and feed back the verification results to the leader miner node; (4) Blockchain update Stage: The leader miner node decides whether to update the local blockchain according to the verification information of other nodes, and reaches a consensus. This method can enable all nodes in the entire blockchain network to be in the best possible state through methods such as workload proof calculation, physical carrier sensing, and setting inter-node transmission rules when the transmission information between miner nodes is uncertain and the transmission channel is unstable. A consensus can be reached within the optimal number of running rounds, and to a certain extent, the fork problem in the blockchain network is avoided.

Figure 201911087282

Description

Consensus method suitable for wireless block chain network
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of distributed networks, and particularly relates to a consensus method applicable to a wireless block chain network.
Background
Since the birth of the 2008 bottom bitcoin, cryptocurrency and related blockchain techniques have attracted increasing interest in academia and industry. As the underlying technology behind bitcoin, a blockchain is essentially a distributed database system that tracks all transactions that occur in the network and replicates at each participating complete node in the blockchain network. The core technology of the blockchain is a distributed consensus protocol.
Although the block chain is widely applied in the fields of finance, logistics and the like, the application of the block chain in the field of mobile service is quite limited. This is because two major challenges need to be addressed in a wireless network environment, one being that solving the workload justification problem in a wireless blockchain network requires the mobile device to have high computing power, which is relatively difficult for lightweight mobile devices; secondly, in a wireless network environment, the success rate of information transmission between nodes cannot be determined and the channel cannot be kept stable for a long time, so that the realization of consensus in a blockchain network becomes more difficult.
At present, under the drive of the development of the internet of things, the block chain technology has a considerable application prospect in the field of mobile services, such as smart homes, smart agriculture, automobile communication and the like. Most of the existing research is to solve how to implement or replace the workload proof calculation on the mobile device, and there are few methods to design the consensus protocol of the wireless block-chain network from the wireless network characteristics.
The consensus problem is the core problem of the blockchain technology, and no method for achieving consensus of nodes under the conditions that the transmission information between the miner nodes in the wireless blockchain network is uncertain and the channel is unstable exists in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a consensus method suitable for use in a wireless block chain network, which utilizes the characteristics and technologies of the bottom layer of a wireless channel to achieve consensus and avoids the bifurcation problem in the block chain network to a certain extent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a consensus method applicable in a wireless block chain network, comprising the steps of:
(1) a leader election stage: the workload of a miner node is used for proving calculation competition and carrying out physical carrier sensing on a channel, and only one leader miner node in a wireless block chain network is selected through an O (log) round;
(2) a block proposing stage: generating and broadcasting a new block by a leader miner node generated in the election stage;
(3) a block verification stage: other miners verify the new block and feed back the verification result to the leader miner node;
(4) block chain updating stage: and the leader miner node determines whether to update the local block chain according to the verification information of other nodes, and informs other miner nodes to finish updating of the corresponding block chain, so as to achieve consensus.
In the above scheme, the step (1) is specifically as follows:
(1.1) initializing State values State of all miners nodes in the wireless block chain network to mining, namely starting workload certification calculation and being in a channel monitoring State;
(1.2) after t rounds, after a part of miner nodes calculate to obtain a solution of a Hash puzzle for the first time, the State values State of the miner nodes are set as candidate, and the candidate miner nodes can send 1-bit non-coding information M according to a random probability p;
(1.3) the node with the State value of minus and other candidate miners nodes which do not send information are in the channel State of interception, if the node in the channel is intercepted to transmit information, the State value State of the node is set as silent, and the State value of the node cannot be changed in the subsequent rounds until the node is reinitialized;
and (1.4) after the O (log) round, the method can ensure that the state value of only one node in all the miner nodes in the network is leader with high probability.
In a further technical scheme, the step (2) is specifically as follows:
(2.1) the leader miner node in the network packs the generated new block B and the position information D thereof and broadcasts the new block B and the position information D to the whole wireless block chain network;
(2.2) the silent miner node in the network receives the position information D of the new block B and the leader node, and verifies the transaction information and the solution of the Hash puzzle in the new block B;
(2.3) if the new block B is verified to be valid, the silent miner node sets the verification value C to 0, and if the new block B is not verified, C is set to 1.
In a further technical scheme, the step (3) is specifically as follows:
(3.1) all silent mineworker nodes in the network will simultaneously have power P ═ k × d (u, v)αSending information M, wherein d (u, v) is the distance from each point to a leader node, k is a constant, the information can be ensured to be detected by the leader node after all the silent miner nodes in the network send messages by power P, the detected signal power value P is attenuated to k, α is a path attenuation index in a wireless network signal-to-noise ratio model, and the miner node with the status value of leader detects the total signal power value of a channel to be S1Then the total number n of the miner nodes in the network can be calculated through a signal-to-noise ratio model1；
(3.2) all silent miners nodes in the network with a verification value C of 1 will again have power P ═ k × d (u, v)αSending 1bit non-coding information M; the leader miner node monitors the total signal power value of the channel as S2Then, the number n of nodes with invalid verification result of the new block B by the miner node in the network can be obtained through calculation2；
(3.3) leader miners node will be according to n2/n1Is compared to a preset threshold η, e.g., n2/n1If the value is less than η, the verification parameter C of the leader node is 0, otherwise, the value is 1.
In a further technical scheme, the step (4) is specifically as follows:
(4.1) if the verification parameter C value of the leader miner node in the network is 0, writing the generated new block B into a local block chain of the leader node and sending 1bit of non-coding information M;
(4.2) if the silent miner node in the network monitors that the node in the channel transmits information, writing the generated new block B into the local block chain of the node, otherwise, discarding the block;
(4.3) all nodes in the network reset their State value State, verification parameter C and running round counter to initial values.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the consensus method applicable to the wireless block chain network provided by the invention has the following technical characteristics and effects:
(1) the invention considers the uncertainty of information transmission between nodes and the instability of the channel in the wireless block chain network, namely the information transmission is not always successful every time, and the channel can not ensure that the information can be transmitted efficiently for a long time. The physical bearer interception technology of a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer in the IEEE 802.11 standard is used, and some transmission rules are set, so that the common recognition of all miners in the network at the optimal round number can be realized.
(2) The invention ensures the uniqueness of the account book in the wireless block chain network by the election of the unique leader miner node, thereby avoiding the branching of the link, being very beneficial to expanding to the actual wireless block chain network, saving the computing resource and accelerating the accounting speed.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phase of a consensus method applicable in a wireless block chain network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a consensus method applied in a wireless block chain network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a consensus method suitable for a wireless block chain network, which can achieve consensus of all nodes in the whole block chain network in the optimal round number by methods of workload certification calculation, physical carrier sensing, node transmission rule setting and the like under the conditions that the information transmitted between the mining nodes in the wireless block chain network is uncertain and the channel is unstable, as shown in figure 1. The technology solves the problem of node consensus in a wireless block chain network, and avoids the problem of bifurcation in the block chain network to a certain extent.
As shown in fig. 2, the specific embodiment is as follows:
a consensus method applicable in a wireless block chain network, comprising the steps of:
(1) a leader election stage:
(1.1) initializing State values State of all miners nodes in the wireless block chain network to mining, namely starting workload certification calculation and being in a channel monitoring State;
(1.2) after t rounds, after a part of miner nodes calculate to obtain a solution of a Hash puzzle for the first time, the State values State of the miner nodes are set as candidate, and the candidate miner nodes can send 1-bit non-coding information M according to a random probability p;
(1.3) the node with the State value of minus and other candidate miners nodes which do not send information are in the channel State of interception, if the node in the channel is intercepted to transmit information, the State value State of the node is set as silent, and the State value of the node cannot be changed in the subsequent rounds until the node is reinitialized;
and (1.4) after the O (log) round, the method can ensure that the state value of only one node in all the miner nodes in the network is leader with high probability.
(2) A block proposing stage:
(2.1) the leader miner node in the network packs the generated new block B and the position information D thereof and broadcasts the new block B and the position information D to the whole wireless block chain network;
(2.2) the silent miner node in the network receives the position information D of the new block B and the leader node, and verifies the information such as the transaction information, the solution of the Hash puzzle and the like in the new block B;
(2.3) if the new block B is verified to be valid, the silent miner node sets the verification value C to 0, and if the new block B is not verified, C is set to 1.
A block verification stage:
(3.1) all silent mineworker nodes in the network will simultaneously have power P ═ k × d (u, v)αSending information M, wherein d (u, v) is the distance from each point to a leader node, k is a constant large enough to ensure that the information can be listened by the leader node after all the silent miner nodes in the network send the information with power P, the intercepted signal power value P is attenuated to k, α is a path attenuation index in a wireless network signal-to-noise ratio model, and the miner node with the leader intercepts the total signal power value of a channel to be S1Then the total number n of the miner nodes in the network can be calculated through a signal-to-noise ratio model1；
(3.2) all silent miners nodes in the network with a verification value C of 1 will again have power P ═ k × d (u, v)αSending 1bit non-coding information M; the leader miner node monitors the total signal power value of the channel as S2Then, the number n of nodes with invalid verification result of the new block B by the miner node in the network can be obtained through calculation2；
(3.3) leader miners node will be according to n2/n1Is compared to a preset threshold η, e.g., n2/n1If the value is less than η, the verification parameter C of the leader node is 0, otherwise, the value is 1.
(4) Block chain updating stage:
(4.1) if the verification parameter C value of the leader miner node in the network is 0, writing the generated new block B into a local block chain of the leader node and sending 1bit of non-coding information M;
(4.2) if the silent miner node in the network monitors that the node in the channel transmits information, writing the generated new block B into the local block chain of the node, otherwise, discarding the block;
(4.3) all nodes in the network reset their State value State, verification parameter C and running round counter to initial values.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (5)

1.一种适用于无线区块链网络中的共识方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. A consensus method applicable to a wireless blockchain network, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1)领导选举阶段：利用矿工节点工作量证明计算竞争和对信道进行物理载波侦听，经过O(logn)轮，选举出无线区块链网络中唯一一个leader矿工节点；(1) Leader election stage: use the miner node workload proof to calculate the competition and perform physical carrier sensing on the channel, and after O(logn) rounds, elect the only leader miner node in the wireless blockchain network; (2)区块提议阶段：由选举阶段产生的leader矿工节点进行新区块的生成和广播；(2) Block proposal stage: The leader miner node generated in the election stage generates and broadcasts new blocks; (3)区块验证阶段：其他矿工节点对新区块进行验证并将验证结果反馈给leader矿工节点；(3) Block verification stage: other miner nodes verify the new block and feed back the verification results to the leader miner node; (4)区块链更新阶段：leader矿工节点根据其他节点验证信息决定是否更新本地区块链，并通知其他矿工节点，完成相应区块链的更新，达成共识。(4) Blockchain update stage: The leader miner node decides whether to update the local blockchain according to the verification information of other nodes, and notifies other miner nodes to complete the update of the corresponding blockchain and reach a consensus. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于无线区块链网络中的共识方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)具体如下：2. A consensus method suitable for a wireless blockchain network according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) is as follows: (1.1)将无线区块链网络中所有矿工节点的状态值State初始化为mining，即开始工作量证明计算，并处于侦听信道状态；(1.1) Initialize the state value State of all miner nodes in the wireless blockchain network to mining, that is, start the workload proof calculation, and be in the listening channel state; (1.2)当经过t轮后，当第一次有部分矿工节点计算得到哈希谜题的解后，这些矿工节点将其状态值State设置为candidate，candidate矿工节点会以随机概率p发送1bit的非编码信息M；(1.2) After t rounds, when some miner nodes calculate the solution of the hash puzzle for the first time, these miner nodes will set their state value State to candidate, and the candidate miner node will send 1bit with random probability p non-encoded information M; (1.3)状态值为mining的节点以及其他未发送信息的candidate矿工节点将处于侦听信道状态，如侦听到信道中有节点在传输信息则将自己的状态值State设置为silent，并在后续轮数内不会改变其状态值直到重新初始化；(1.3) Nodes whose state value is mining and other candidate miner nodes that have not sent information will be in the state of listening to the channel. If they hear that there is a node transmitting information in the channel, they will set their own state value State to silent, and in the follow-up It will not change its state value within the number of rounds until it is reinitialized; (1.4)经过O(logn)轮后，该方法会以高概率保证网络中所有矿工节点中只有一个节点的状态值为leader。(1.4) After O(logn) rounds, this method will guarantee with high probability that only one of all miner nodes in the network has the state value of leader. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种适用于无线区块链网络中的共识方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)具体如下：3. A consensus method applicable to a wireless blockchain network according to claim 2, wherein the step (2) is as follows: (2.1)网络中leader矿工节点将生成的新区块B和其位置信息D打包并广播至整个无线区块链网络中；(2.1) The leader miner node in the network packages the generated new block B and its location information D and broadcasts it to the entire wireless blockchain network; (2.2)网络中silent矿工节点将收到新的区块B和leader节点的位置信息D，并对新区块B内的交易信息、哈希谜题的解进行验证；(2.2) The silent miner node in the network will receive the new block B and the location information D of the leader node, and verify the transaction information in the new block B and the solution of the hash puzzle; (2.3)如果新区块B经验证后有效，则silent矿工节点将验证值C设置为0，若无效则将C设置为1。(2.3) If the new block B is valid after verification, the silent miner node will set the verification value C to 0, and if it is invalid, set C to 1. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种适用于无线区块链网络中的共识方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)具体如下：4. A consensus method suitable for a wireless blockchain network according to claim 3, wherein the step (3) is as follows: (3.1)网络中所有silent矿工节点将同时以功率为P＝k*d(u，v)α发送信息M，其中d(u，v)为各点到leader节点的距离；k为常数，可以保证网络中所有silent矿工节点以功率P发送消息后，该信息可以被leader节点侦听到，且侦听到的信号功率值P衰减为k；α为无线网络信噪比模型中的传输路径衰减指数；状态值为leader的矿工节点侦听到信道总的信号功率值为S1，则可通过信噪比模型计算得到网络中矿工节点的总个数n1；(3.1) All silent miner nodes in the network will simultaneously send information M with power P=k*d(u, v) α , where d(u, v) is the distance from each point to the leader node; k is a constant, which can be Ensure that after all silent miner nodes in the network send messages with power P, the message can be heard by the leader node, and the detected signal power value P is attenuated to k; α is the transmission path attenuation in the wireless network signal-to-noise ratio model index; the miner node whose state value is leader senses the total signal power value of the channel as S 1 , then the total number n 1 of miner nodes in the network can be calculated by the signal-to-noise ratio model; (3.2)网络中所有验证值C为1的silent矿工节点将再次以功率为P＝k*d(u，v)α发送1bit的非编码信息M；leader矿工节点侦听到信道总的信号功率值为S2，则可通过计算得到网络中矿工节点对新区块B验证结果为无效的节点个数n2；(3.2) All silent miner nodes whose verification value C is 1 in the network will send 1-bit non-coded information M again with power P=k*d(u, v) α ; the leader miner node senses the total signal power of the channel If the value is S 2 , the number n 2 of the nodes in the network whose verification result of the new block B is invalid by the miner nodes in the network can be obtained by calculation; (3.3)leader矿工节点将根据n2/n1的值和预先设置的阈值η进行比较，如n2/n1＜η则leader节点的验证参数C值为0，否则C值为1。(3.3) The leader miner node will compare the value of n 2 /n 1 with the preset threshold η. If n 2 /n 1 <η, the verification parameter C of the leader node is 0, otherwise the value of C is 1. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种适用于无线区块链网络中的共识方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)具体如下：5. A consensus method suitable for a wireless blockchain network according to claim 4, wherein the step (4) is as follows: (4.1)如网络中leader矿工节点的验证参数C值为0，则将生成的新区块B写入leader节点的本地区块链中并发送1bit的非编码信息M；(4.1) If the verification parameter C of the leader miner node in the network is 0, write the generated new block B into the local blockchain of the leader node and send 1-bit non-encoded information M; (4.2)网络中silent矿工节点如侦听到信道中有节点在传输信息，则将生成的新区块B写入自己的本地区块链中，否则丢弃该区块；(4.2) If the silent miner node in the network detects that there is a node transmitting information in the channel, it will write the generated new block B into its own local blockchain, otherwise the block will be discarded; (4.3)网络中所有节点重置其状态值State、验证参数C和运行轮数计数器为初始值。(4.3) All nodes in the network reset their state value State, verification parameter C and running round counter to the initial value.
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CN111818152A (en) * 2020-07-02 2020-10-23 电子科技大学 A Consensus Method for Leader Election Based on Distributed Network
CN111818152B (en) * 2020-07-02 2021-04-30 电子科技大学 A Consensus Method for Leader Election Based on Distributed Network
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CN112202868A (en) * 2020-09-27 2021-01-08 上海交通大学 Method for realizing block chain consensus protocol based on wireless air calculation
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CN112822013A (en) * 2021-04-16 2021-05-18 卓尔智联(武汉)研究院有限公司 Block chain consensus method, device and storage medium
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CN119520215A (en) * 2025-01-17 2025-02-25 国家信息中心 A fast secret leader election method for lightweight blockchain networks

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