CN110913201B - Light field display structure and synthetic image coding method - Google Patents
Light field display structure and synthetic image coding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110913201B CN110913201B CN201911008274.4A CN201911008274A CN110913201B CN 110913201 B CN110913201 B CN 110913201B CN 201911008274 A CN201911008274 A CN 201911008274A CN 110913201 B CN110913201 B CN 110913201B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/324—Colour aspects
Abstract
The invention provides a light field display structure and a synthetic image coding method, wherein the light field display structure comprises an LCD display panel, a lens array and a holographic function screen which are sequentially arranged from a bottom layer to an outer layer, a linear Fresnel lens is also arranged at the bottom of the LCD display panel, and a cylindrical lens grating is arranged between the LCD display panel and the lens array. According to the invention, by adding the linear Fresnel lens and the cylindrical lens grating in the traditional light field display structure, the utilization rate of pixels in the LCD display panel is improved, which is equivalent to increasing the total pixel number of the light field display structure, so that the number of view points and the density of view points can be increased on the basis of increasing the horizontal view angle, the display quality of the light field display structure can be improved, and the visual smoothness of the displayed three-dimensional content is increased, so that the three-dimensional display structure has richer light field information, and is beneficial to more truly restoring a 3D scene.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of light field display, and particularly relates to a light field display structure and a synthetic image coding method.
Background
In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) display technology has attracted much attention, and 3D light field display technology is considered as the most promising three-dimensional display technology and has a wide application prospect. Unlike three-dimensional display based on binocular parallax, light field display can reconstruct real three-dimensional light field distribution, providing real natural three-dimensional perception for viewers. By utilizing the technology, the 3D effect with true colors can be easily realized, and meanwhile, the integrated imaging 3D display technology can also provide parallax and continuous and smooth viewpoint information in the horizontal and vertical directions for a viewer. The viewpoint density is an important index influencing the display quality in three-dimensional display, and the ideal 3D display technology can provide a visual sense close to the real world for a viewer. Generally, increasing the viewpoint density can increase the visual smoothness of the displayed stereoscopic content, making it richer in light field information, contributing to more realistic restoration of 3D scenes.
The existing three-dimensional light field display structure has low display quality due to inherent balance among visual angles, resolution, depth range and space information capacity (visual point number). Meanwhile, the viewpoint density is inversely proportional to the spatial display pixels, and a large-view-angle high-viewpoint-density display method is lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the above existing problems or to at least partially solve the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a light field display structure and a method for encoding a composite image.
According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a light field display structure, including an LCD display panel, a lens array and a holographic function screen sequentially arranged from a bottom layer to an outer layer, wherein a linear fresnel lens is further arranged at the bottom of the LCD display panel, and a lenticular lens is arranged between the LCD display panel and the lens array, and the linear fresnel lens, the LCD display panel, the lenticular lens, the lens array and the holographic function screen are sequentially connected by an optical path;
light rays are emitted in parallel by a parallel light source, the LCD display panel is lightened in a horizontal convergence mode through the linear Fresnel lens, the displayed minimum unit is thinned from a pixel to a sub-pixel through the cylindrical lens grating, and the display is carried out after the display passes through the lens array and the holographic function screen.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the horizontal distance between two adjacent lens units in the lens array is a second distance, and the second distance is greater than the first distance, wherein the first distance is the horizontal distance between two adjacent lenses in the original light field display structure composed of the LCD panel, the lens array and the holographic functional screen.
Further, the horizontal viewing angles of the light field display structure are:
where θ is the horizontal viewing angle of the light field display structure, G is the distance between the lens array and the equivalent pixel, and p' is the distance between the centers of adjacent lenses in the lens array.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for encoding a synthesized image based on a light field display structure, including:
calculating the corresponding position of each sub-pixel of the composite image from the parallax image;
and carrying out synthesized image coding on each sub-pixel RGB gray value of the synthesized image to obtain a synthesized image of the light field display structure.
Further, the calculating the corresponding position of each sub-pixel of the composite image from the parallax image comprises:
and calculating the corresponding relation between the positions of the sub-pixels on the light field display structure and the positions of the viewpoint and the sub-pixels in the parallax images at the viewpoint positions according to the viewpoint arrangement array of the light field display structure and the sub-pixel arrangement array of each parallax image.
Further, according to the viewpoint arrangement array of the light field display structure and the sub-pixel arrangement array of each parallax image, calculating a correspondence between the positions of the sub-pixels on the light field display structure and the positions of the viewpoint and the sub-pixels in the parallax image at the viewpoint position includes:
the light field display structure has M rows and N columns of viewpoints, the M rows and N columns of parallax images correspond to the M rows and N columns of parallax images, each parallax image has P rows and Q columns of pixels, the sub-pixels of the ith row and j columns on the light field display structure are derived from the sub-pixels of the pth row and Q columns in the parallax images at the viewpoint positions of the mth row and N columns, wherein the relation of M, N, P and Q is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
to round down, mod is a remainder.
The embodiment of the invention provides a light field display structure and a synthetic image coding method, which improve the utilization rate of pixels in an LCD (liquid crystal display) panel by adding a linear Fresnel lens and a cylindrical lens grating in the traditional light field display structure, equivalently increase the total pixel number of the light field display structure, further increase the number of view points and the density of view points on the basis of increasing the horizontal view angle, improve the display quality of the light field display structure, and simultaneously increase the visual smoothness of displayed three-dimensional content, so that the light field display structure has richer light field information and is beneficial to more truly restoring a 3D scene.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a light path diagram of a conventional light field display structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light field display structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3-1 is a schematic diagram of the overall optical path of the optical field display structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 3-2 is a refined optical path diagram under a single lens unit in FIG. 3-1;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for encoding a composite image based on a light field display structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a viewpoint distribution and a lens unit in a light field display structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Before describing the embodiment of the present invention in detail, a conventional optical field display structure is described, and as shown in fig. 1, the conventional optical field display structure includes an LCD display panel, a lens array, and a holographic function screen, where a light source illuminates the LCD display panel, and after condensing by the lens array, different parallax images are formed at different viewpoint positions by processing the holographic function screen.
The horizontal viewing angle of the conventional light field display structure is:
where θ is the viewing angle of the light field display, g is the distance from the lens array to the LCD, and p is the distance between the centers of adjacent lens units in the lens array, which is also the intercept of the lens units in the conventional light field display structure.
The above relation is a calculation formula of a horizontal viewing angle, and a calculation formula of a vertical viewing angle is also the same. An important issue limiting the development of the integrated imaging display technology is the viewing angle, which is determined by the display range of each sub-image through its corresponding lens unit, and can be calculated by using formula (1), and according to the variable relationship in the formula, the purpose of increasing the viewing angle can be achieved by increasing the intercept p of the lens unit, but due to the limitation of the lens unit processing principle, the ratio of the intercept to the focal length cannot be arbitrarily increased. Furthermore, it can be seen from fig. 1 that the resolution of the integrated imaging 3D display is inversely proportional to the lens intercept, i.e. increasing the lens intercept will reduce the quality of the 3D display. Meanwhile, the visual angle of light field display is increased singly, the number of view points is not increased simultaneously, the density of view points is also reduced, and the viewing experience is influenced. Due to the limitation of the traditional light field display method, the light field display visual angle and the display quality cannot be considered simultaneously, meanwhile, according to the habit of observing objects by human beings, the visual angle requirement in the vertical direction is not high, most of the conditions only depend on the height range of audiences in the optimal viewing distance, and the visual angle requirement in the horizontal direction is extremely large, so that the unreasonable spatial information distribution of the existing light field display technology is caused, and in many cases, the information in the vertical direction is wasted.
In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a new light field display structure, which can increase the number of views and the density of views on the basis of increasing the distance between lens units (as shown in formula (1), that is, increasing the horizontal viewing angle), and improve the display quality of the light field display structure.
Referring to fig. 2, a light field display structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, and is applied to the field of three-dimensional light field display, and the light field display structure includes an LCD display panel, a lens array, and a holographic function screen, which are sequentially disposed from a bottom layer to an outer layer.
The light rays are emitted in parallel by a parallel light source, the LCD display panel is lightened in a horizontal convergence mode through the linear Fresnel lens, the displayed minimum unit is thinned from a pixel to a sub-pixel through the cylindrical lens grating, and the display is carried out after the display passes through the lens array and the holographic function screen.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the new light field display structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention is different from the conventional light field display structure in the following ways, on the basis of the traditional light field display structure, a linear Fresnel lens is added at the bottom layer, a parallel light source is used as equipment of a lighting device at the bottom, and a cylindrical lens grating is added between an LCD display panel and a lens array, the horizontal spacing between two adjacent lens units in the lens array is a second distance, the second distance is greater than the first distance, wherein the first distance is a horizontal distance between two adjacent lenses in an original light field display structure consisting of the LCD panel, the lens array and the holographic functional screen, that is, the distance between the centers of two adjacent lens units in the lens array of the light field display structure of the embodiment of the present invention is greater than the distance between the centers of two adjacent lens units in the lens array of the conventional light field display structure. According to the relation, in order to increase the horizontal viewing angle, a lens array with wider horizontal spacing is adopted, and meanwhile, a cylindrical lenticular lens is added between the LCD panel and the lens array to refine the minimum unit of display from pixel to sub-pixel, wherein each pixel is composed of three primary colors of red, green and blue (RGB), and each color on each pixel is called a sub-pixel, thus, three times of view points and ultrahigh view point density are obtained compared with the original view points. However, correspondingly, the number of horizontal pixels covered by one lens unit is larger, and is different from the number of vertical pixels, at this time, it is obvious that a common LCD display panel cannot perfectly map the pixels under one lens unit onto one lens, so in an embodiment of the present invention, a parallel light source and a linear fresnel lens are used as an illumination device of the LCD display panel, so that approximately parallel light converging light is generated in the horizontal direction, and the mapping relationship between the pixels and the lens unit is achieved. Due to the adoption of the new light field display structure, the light path is changed.
The light path of the new light field display structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to fig. 3. Wherein, fig. 3-1 is an overall optical path schematic diagram of a new optical field display structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3-2 is a detailed optical path schematic diagram under a single lens unit, taking a lens unit as an example, first, light rays are emitted in parallel from parallel light sources, pass through a linear fresnel lens, and illuminate an LCD display panel in a horizontal convergence manner, so that a pixel covered under a lens unit can just illuminate the lens unit, and then pass through a cylindrical lens grating, so that the pixel is detailed to a sub-pixel, the number of viewpoints in the horizontal direction is increased, and triple information is carried in a single pixel space, due to the addition of the cylindrical lens grating, the light rays emitted by the pixel under a cylindrical lens grating converge to a point in advance and then diverge, and the convergence point can be equivalent to a pixel point (hereinafter referred to as an equivalent pixel) in the conventional optical field display technology, the viewing angle relation for the new light field display structure can be rewritten as:
wherein θ is the viewing angle of the light field display structure, G is the distance between the lens array and the equivalent pixel, and p' is the distance between the centers of adjacent lenses in the lens array, and the horizontal viewing angle of the new light field display structure can be calculated by the relational expression (2).
In the following, a comparison is made between a conventional light field display structure in which the total number of pixels is unchanged and a new light field display structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention, where if the number of views is increased, the number of pixels of each parallax image is decreased, and the display quality of the image is decreased.
In the light field display structure provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cylindrical lens grating is added, so that the pixels are thinned to the sub-pixels, which is equivalent to increasing the total pixel number in the light field display structure, and when the number of viewpoints in the light field display structure is increased or the density of the viewpoints is increased, the pixel number of each parallax image cannot be reduced, so that the imaging quality of the light field display structure cannot be reduced. In addition, because the linear Fresnel lens is added, under the condition of increasing the central distance between two adjacent lens units in the lens array, the LCD display panel is lightened in a horizontal converging mode, so that the pixel covered under one lens unit can just lighten the lens unit, in the traditional light field display structure, if the central distance between two adjacent lens units is increased, a common LCD display panel cannot perfectly map the pixel under one lens unit onto one lens unit, therefore, the linear Fresnel lens and the cylindrical lens grating are added in the traditional light field display structure in the embodiment of the invention, the horizontal viewing angle can be improved by increasing the distance between the lens units in the lens array, the number of viewing points and the density of viewing points can be improved on the basis of not influencing the image display quality of the light field display structure, and the visual smoothness of the displayed stereoscopic content can be improved, the method has richer light field information, and is beneficial to more truly restoring the 3D scene.
Referring to fig. 4, a method for encoding a synthesized image based on a light field display structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, where the method includes:
calculating the corresponding position of each sub-pixel of the composite image from the parallax image;
and carrying out synthesized image coding on each sub-pixel RGB gray value of the synthesized image to obtain a synthesized image of the light field display structure.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in an embodiment of the present invention, the calculating the corresponding position of each sub-pixel of the composite image from the parallax image includes:
and calculating the corresponding relation between the positions of the sub-pixels on the light field display structure and the positions of the viewpoint and the sub-pixels in the parallax images at the viewpoint positions according to the viewpoint arrangement array of the light field display structure and the sub-pixel arrangement array of each parallax image.
It can be understood that, in order to adapt to the new light field display structure, it is necessary to provide a method for encoding a composite image satisfying the display thereof, since the composite image is composed of a plurality of composite sub-images, i.e. images generated by arranging pixels of the parallax image in a certain regular manner according to the mapping condition satisfying the optical path thereof, the image composed of pixels covered by a single circular lens in the composite image is called a composite sub-image, each composite sub-image corresponds to a certain lens display unit on the display, each sub-pixel composing the composite sub-image is from the same position of each parallax image, while the sub-pixels of different composite sub-images are from different positions of the parallax image, and the corresponding position of a certain composite sub-image from the parallax image is the same as that of the conventional light field display method. Thus, only each sub-pixel source of the composite image needs to be addressed.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, in an embodiment of the present invention, in a process of calculating a corresponding relationship between a sub-pixel position on a light field display structure and positions of sub-pixels in a parallax image at a viewpoint position according to a viewpoint arrangement array of the light field display structure and a sub-pixel arrangement array of each parallax image, referring to fig. 5, it is assumed that the light field display structure has M rows and N columns of viewpoints, and corresponds to a parallax image with M rows and N columns, each parallax image has P rows and Q columns of pixels, and an ith row and j column of sub-pixels on the light field display structure are derived from a P row and Q column of sub-pixels in a parallax image at a viewpoint position with an mth row and N column, where M, N, P, and Q are related as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
to round down, mod is a remainder.
According to the light field display structure and the synthetic image coding method provided by the invention, the linear Fresnel lens and the cylindrical lens grating are added in the traditional light field display structure, so that the utilization rate of pixels in an LCD display panel is improved, namely the total pixel number of the light field display structure is increased, the number of view points and the density of view points can be increased on the basis of increasing the horizontal view angle, the display quality of the light field display structure can be improved, the visual smoothness of displayed three-dimensional content is increased, the light field display structure has richer light field information, and the 3D scene can be more truly restored.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A light field display structure comprises an LCD display panel, a lens array and a holographic function screen which are sequentially arranged from a bottom layer to an outer layer, and is characterized in that a linear Fresnel lens is further arranged at the bottom of the LCD display panel, a cylindrical lens grating is arranged between the LCD display panel and the lens array, and the linear Fresnel lens, the LCD display panel, the cylindrical lens grating, the lens array and the holographic function screen are sequentially connected through a light path;
light rays are emitted in parallel by a parallel light source, the LCD display panel is lightened in a horizontal convergence mode through the linear Fresnel lens, the displayed minimum unit is thinned from a pixel to a sub-pixel through the cylindrical lens grating, and the display is carried out after the display passes through the lens array and the holographic function screen;
the horizontal distance between two adjacent lens units in the lens array is a second distance which is larger than a first distance, wherein the first distance is the horizontal distance between two adjacent lenses in an original light field display structure consisting of the LCD display panel, the lens array and the holographic functional screen.
2. A light field display structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal viewing angle of the light field display structure is:
where θ is the horizontal viewing angle of the light field display structure, G is the distance between the lens array and the equivalent pixel, and p' is the distance between the centers of adjacent lenses in the lens array.
3. A method of encoding a composite image based on the light field display structure of claim 1, comprising:
calculating the corresponding position of each sub-pixel of the composite image from the parallax image;
and carrying out synthesized image coding on each sub-pixel RGB gray value of the synthesized image to obtain a synthesized image of the light field display structure.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said calculating a corresponding position of each sub-pixel of the composite image from the disparity image comprises:
and calculating the corresponding relation between the positions of the sub-pixels on the light field display structure and the positions of the viewpoint and the sub-pixels in the parallax images at the viewpoint positions according to the viewpoint arrangement array of the light field display structure and the sub-pixel arrangement array of each parallax image.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein calculating the correspondence between the positions of the sub-pixels on the light-field display structure and the positions of the sub-pixels in the parallax image at the viewpoint position based on the viewpoint arrangement array of the light-field display structure and the sub-pixel arrangement array of each parallax image comprises:
the light field display structure has M rows and N columns of viewpoints, the M rows and N columns of parallax images correspond to the M rows and N columns of parallax images, each parallax image has P rows and Q columns of pixels, the sub-pixels of the ith row and j columns on the light field display structure are derived from the sub-pixels of the pth row and Q columns in the parallax images at the viewpoint positions of the mth row and N columns, wherein the relation of M, N, P and Q is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
to round down, mod is a remainder.
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| CN113917700B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-11-29 | 北京邮电大学 | Three-dimensional light field display system |
| CN114035255B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-12-19 | 武汉华工图像技术开发有限公司 | Holographic grating film, manufacturing method thereof and anti-counterfeiting medium |
| CN114879377B (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2023-06-23 | 北京邮电大学 | Parameter determination method, device and equipment of horizontal parallax three-dimensional light field display system |
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