CN110912302A - Parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor - Google Patents

Parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110912302A
CN110912302A CN201911268422.6A CN201911268422A CN110912302A CN 110912302 A CN110912302 A CN 110912302A CN 201911268422 A CN201911268422 A CN 201911268422A CN 110912302 A CN110912302 A CN 110912302A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pole
claw
excitation
stator
hybrid excitation
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Pending
Application number
CN201911268422.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王秀和
朱常青
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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Priority to CN201911268422.6A priority Critical patent/CN110912302A/en
Publication of CN110912302A publication Critical patent/CN110912302A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H02K1/243Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors of the claw-pole type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16Stator cores with slots for windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/185Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to outer stators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator

Abstract

The invention discloses a parallel type hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor which comprises a shell, a stator, a rotor, an excitation body and a permanent magnet, wherein the stator and the excitation body are fixedly connected with the shell, and the rotor is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft; the rotor comprises a first claw pole and a second claw pole which are connected, the second claw pole comprises a pole palm, a plurality of pole heels and a plurality of claw parts, the outer ring of the pole palm is connected with the pole heels, the pole heels are connected with the second claw parts, the inner rings of the pole palm of the second claw pole are provided with inner holes for the excitation body to pass through, the second claw pole is embedded with a plurality of permanent magnets, the width of each permanent magnet is smaller than that of the pole heels of the second claw pole, and a gap is formed between the second claw pole and the stator. The unique rotor structure of the invention realizes brushless excitation, so that the motor has simple structure and high operation reliability.

Description

Parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of brushless motors, in particular to a parallel type hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor.
Background
The electric excitation brush claw pole motor is widely applied to the field of dragging of vehicles and the like due to the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient excitation adjustment and the like. However, the inventors have considered that the magnetic flux leakage between poles is large, resulting in a large excitation current, a high excitation loss, and a low power density; meanwhile, an electric brush-slip ring structure is adopted to provide exciting current for an exciting winding, sparks are easily generated when the electric brush-slip ring structure is not used properly, and the reliability is not high. The defects greatly limit the popularization and the use of the wider field of the electro-magnetic brush claw pole motor; the permanent-magnet claw pole motor adopts rare-earth permanent magnet materials to establish a magnetic field, an electric brush-slip ring structure is cancelled, excitation loss does not exist, the structure is simple, the efficiency and the power density are high, but the air gap magnetic field of the permanent-magnet motor is determined by magnetic steel and magnetic circuit magnetic conductance and almost keeps constant in operation, so that the adjustment of the air gap magnetic field is very difficult, the requirements of wide-range speed regulation and voltage regulation are difficult to realize, and the application field of the permanent-magnet claw pole motor is greatly limited.
In the prior art document, chinese patent 201010551268.6 proposes a hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor, but the structure thereof has the defects that the permanent magnet is not matched with the pole heel, the adjustment of the air-gap magnetic field cannot be more accurate, and the contact between the iron core and the front claw pole easily causes electrical accidents.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing claw pole motor, the invention aims to provide a parallel type hybrid excitation brushless claw pole motor, which integrates the advantages of an electric excitation claw pole motor and a permanent magnet claw pole motor, uses a permanent magnet material to establish a basic magnetic field, adjusts an air gap magnetic field by adjusting the current of an excitation winding, increases the air gap flux density and the output power of the motor under the condition of not increasing the excitation current, and realizes excitation brushless by a unique rotor structure, so that the motor has a simple structure and high operation reliability.
The invention aims to provide a parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a parallel type hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor which comprises a shell, a stator, a rotor, an excitation body and a permanent magnet, wherein the stator and the excitation body are fixedly connected with the shell, and the rotor is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft; the rotor comprises a first claw pole and a second claw pole which are connected, the second claw pole comprises a pole palm, a plurality of pole heels and a plurality of claw parts, the outer ring of the pole palm is connected with the pole heels, the pole heels are connected with the second claw parts, the inner rings of the pole palms of the second claw pole are provided with large inner holes for the exciter to pass through, the second claw pole is embedded with a plurality of permanent magnets, the width of each permanent magnet is smaller than that of the pole heels of the second claw pole, and a gap is formed between the second claw pole and the stator.
Further, the housing includes a cylindrical case and an end cap coupled to an end of the cylindrical case, the field body is coupled to an inner side of the cylindrical case, and the stator is coupled to an inner side of the end cap.
Further, the stator comprises a stator core and an armature winding, the armature winding is wound on the stator core, and the stator core is fixedly connected to the shell.
Further, the first claw pole is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft; the first claw pole has a plurality of claw portions that fit into gaps between the plurality of claw portions of the second claw pole.
Further, the first claw pole comprises a pole heel, a pole yoke and a pole palm, the inner ring of the pole palm is connected with the pole yoke, the outer ring of the pole palm is connected with the pole heel, the pole heel is connected with the first claw part, and the pole yoke of the first claw pole is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft; the claw part connected with the second claw pole is a second claw part.
Further, the first claw portion of the first claw pole comprises a plurality of the first claw portions, the second claw portion of the second claw pole comprises a plurality of the second claw portions, and the number of the first claw portions is the same as that of the second claw portions; the first claw part penetrates into gaps among a plurality of second claw parts, and the claw part gaps which are staggered with each other are filled and welded by using a non-magnetic conductive material, so that the second claw pole can rotate along with the first claw pole.
Further, the armature winding is an alternating current winding.
Further, the permanent magnet is radially magnetized; the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the electric excitation magnetomotive force of the excitation winding are connected in parallel.
Furthermore, a plurality of grooves are formed in the inner side of the pole heel of the second claw pole, the depth of the grooves is the same as the thickness of the pole heel, and the permanent magnets magnetized in the radial direction are embedded in the grooves.
Further, the number of the grooves is the same as the number of the claw portions of the second claw pole, and the magnetizing directions of the plurality of permanent magnets are the same.
The operation method of the invention is that when only the permanent magnet is excited in the rotor, the air gap magnetic field is completely generated by the permanent magnet, and the motor is a permanent magnet claw pole motor; when the excitation winding is connected with direct current, the winding magnetomotive force and the permanent magnet magnetomotive force are in parallel connection, the air gap magnetic field is generated by two magnetic sources together, and the air gap magnetic field can be strengthened or weakened by controlling the direction and the magnitude of the current of the excitation winding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention integrates the advantages of an electric excitation claw pole motor and a permanent magnet claw pole motor. Through the design of the claw poles and the permanent magnets, the permanent magnets can be fully utilized to obtain larger power output, the loss is reduced, and the magnetic field adjusting capacity of the motor can be improved; when the direct current excitation generator is used as a generator, when the armature current changes or the rotating speed of the motor changes due to the load, the magnetic field of the motor can be adjusted by adjusting the direct current excitation current, so that the stability of the output voltage of the motor is kept; when the magnetic field generator is used as a motor, the air-gap magnetic field can be increased at low speed to generate larger torque output; carrying out flux weakening speed regulation at high speed and expanding the rotating speed range; because the brush slip ring system does not need to be arranged on the side of the rotor, the reliability of the motor and the convenience of maintenance are ensured.
2) In the present invention, the shape of the second claw pole is designed to have no pole yoke so as to fit the pole yoke shape of the first claw pole, and the second claw pole is capable of passing the excitation coil therethrough; the permanent magnet is positioned on the inner side of the second claw pole and is magnetized in the radial direction, when only the permanent magnet in the rotor is excited, an air gap magnetic field is completely generated by the permanent magnet, and the motor is a permanent magnet claw pole motor; when direct current is led into the exciting winding, the air gap magnetic field of the whole device can be adjusted by controlling the magnetomotive force of the exciting coil.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Figure 1 is an exploded view of the stator and rotor of the embodiment,
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a filling material between claw poles in an embodiment,
figure 3 is a schematic view of the magnetic flux profile of the embodiment taken along the center of the second claw pole,
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the magnetic flux profile of the embodiment when the second claw-pole edge is cut.
In the figure, 1, a stator core; 2. an armature winding; 3. an excitation bracket; 4. an excitation winding; 5. a second claw pole; 6. a first claw pole; 7. a permanent magnet; 8. a housing; 9. a rotating shaft; 10. and (5) a magnetic isolation welding point.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc., are only used for descriptive purposes and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background art, aiming at the defects of the existing brushless motor, the invention aims to provide a parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw pole motor, which integrates the advantages of an electrically excited claw pole motor and a permanent magnet claw pole motor, uses a permanent magnet material to establish a basic magnetic field, adjusts an air gap magnetic field by adjusting the current of an excitation winding, increases the air gap flux density and the output power of the motor under the condition of not increasing the excitation current, realizes excitation brushless by a unique rotor structure, and has simple structure and high operation reliability.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, the present embodiment discloses a parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor, which includes a housing 8, a stator, a rotor, an excitation body and a permanent magnet 7, wherein the stator and the excitation body are both fixedly connected to the housing 8, and the rotor is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 9; the rotor comprises a first claw pole 6 and a second claw pole 5 which are connected, the second claw pole 5 comprises a pole palm, a plurality of pole heels and a plurality of claw parts, the outer ring of the pole palm is connected with the pole heels, the pole heels are connected with the second claw parts, the inner ring of the pole palm of the second claw pole 5 is provided with an inner hole for the exciter to pass through, the second claw pole 5 is embedded with a plurality of permanent magnets 7, the width of each permanent magnet 7 is smaller than that of each pole heel of the second claw pole 5, and a gap is formed between the second claw pole 5 and the stator.
The stator comprises a stator core 1 and an armature winding 2, the armature winding 2 is wound on the stator core 1, and the stator core is fixedly connected with a shell 8. It is understood that the stator is substantially the same as a general induction motor and is composed of a stator core 1 and a three-phase armature winding 2, and the stator core 1 also adopts a lamination stack structure to reduce iron loss when the motor is operated. When the motor is used as a motor, the three-phase armature winding 2 is connected with a power supply, and when the generator is used, the three-phase armature winding 2 is externally connected with a load to generate power.
The housing 8 includes a cylindrical case and an end cap connected to an end of the cylindrical case, the field body is connected to an inner side of the cylindrical case, and the stator is connected to an inner side of the end cap.
The first claw pole 6 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 9; the first claw pole 6 has a plurality of claw portions, and the claw portions of the first claw pole 6 are fitted into gaps between the claw portions of the second claw pole 5.
The first claw pole 6 comprises a pole heel, a pole yoke and a pole palm, the inner ring of the pole palm is connected with the pole yoke, the outer ring of the pole palm is connected with the pole heel, the pole heel is connected with the first claw part, and the pole yoke of the first claw pole 6 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 9; the claw portion connected to the second claw pole 5 is a second claw portion.
The first claw part of the first claw pole 6 comprises a plurality of claw poles, the second claw part of the second claw pole 5 comprises a plurality of claw poles, and the number of the first claw parts is the same as that of the second claw poles; the first claw parts penetrate into gaps among the second claw parts, and the claw part gaps which are staggered with each other are filled and welded by using non-magnetic-conductive materials.
The claw pole is machined from steel.
The armature winding 2 is an alternating current winding.
The permanent magnet 7 is magnetized in the radial direction; the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 and the electric excitation magnetomotive force of the excitation winding 4 are in parallel connection on a magnetic circuit.
The pole of second claw utmost point 5 is opened with the bottom inboard has a plurality of grooves, and the groove depth and the pole of a plurality of grooves are the same with thickness, all imbeds radial permanent magnet 7 that magnetizes in the inslot.
The number of the grooves is the same as that of the claws of the second claw pole 5, and the magnetization directions of the plurality of permanent magnets 7 are the same.
The operation method of the brushless mixed magnetic pole type synchronous generator comprises the following steps: when only the permanent magnet 7 in the rotor is excited, the air gap magnetic field is completely generated by the permanent magnet 7, and the motor is a permanent magnet claw pole motor; when the excitation winding 4 is connected with direct current, the winding magnetomotive force and the permanent magnet 7 magnetomotive force are in parallel connection, the air gap magnetic field is generated by two magnetic sources together, and the air gap magnetic field can be strengthened or weakened by controlling the direction and the magnitude of the current of the excitation winding 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the permanent magnetic circuit is: permanent magnet 7(N pole) → rear claw pole → main air gap → stator tooth → main air gap → front claw pole → pole yoke → additional air gap between pole yoke and excitation yoke 3 → additional air gap between excitation yoke 3 and permanent magnet → permanent magnet 7(S pole).
As shown in fig. 4, the electrically excited magnetic circuit is: the excitation bracket 3 → the additional air gap between the excitation bracket 3 and the rear claw pole → the main air gap → the stator tooth → the stator yoke → the stator tooth → the main air gap → the front claw pole → the pole yoke → the additional air gap between the pole yoke and the excitation bracket 3 → the excitation bracket 3.
When the magnetic field needs to be strengthened, the direction of an air gap magnetic field generated by excitation magnetic potential is enabled to be the same as the direction of an air gap magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 7; when a reduction or reversal of the magnetic field is required, the current of the field winding 4 is reduced or reversed. Therefore, the permanent magnet 7 can be fully utilized to obtain larger power output, and the magnetic field adjusting capability of the motor can be improved.
As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the electrically excited magnetic circuit does not pass through the permanent magnet 7, and the magnetic field in the air gap is the sum of the two magnetic fluxes, so that parallel excitation is performed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A parallel type hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor is characterized by comprising a shell, a stator, a rotor, an excitation body and a permanent magnet, wherein the stator and the excitation body are fixedly connected with the shell, and the rotor is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft; the rotor comprises a first claw pole and a second claw pole which are connected, the second claw pole comprises a pole palm, a plurality of pole heels and a plurality of claw parts, the outer ring of the pole palm is connected with the pole heels, the pole heels are connected with the second claw parts, the inner rings of the pole palm of the second claw pole are provided with inner holes for the excitation body to pass through, the second claw pole is embedded with a plurality of permanent magnets, the width of each permanent magnet is smaller than that of the pole heels of the second claw pole, and a gap is formed between the second claw pole and the stator.
2. A parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor according to claim 1 wherein the housing comprises a cylindrical case and an end cap attached to an end of the cylindrical case, the exciter is attached to an inside of the cylindrical case, and the stator is attached to an inside of the end cap.
3. A parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole machine according to claim 1 wherein the stator comprises a stator core and an armature winding, the armature winding being wound around the stator core, the stator core being fixedly attached to the housing.
4. A parallel hybrid excitation brushless jaw pole motor according to claim 1, wherein the first jaw pole is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft; the first claw pole has a plurality of claw portions that fit into gaps between the plurality of claw portions of the second claw pole.
5. A parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor according to claim 1, wherein the first claw pole comprises a pole heel, a pole yoke and a pole leg, wherein an inner ring of the pole leg is connected with the pole yoke, an outer ring of the pole leg is connected with the pole heel, the pole heel is connected with the first claw part, and the pole yoke of the first claw pole is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft; the claw part connected with the second claw pole is a second claw part.
6. A parallel type hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor according to claim 5, wherein the first claw part of the first claw-pole comprises a plurality of, the second claw part of the second claw-pole comprises a plurality of, and the number of the first claw part and the second claw part is the same; the first claw parts penetrate into gaps among the second claw parts, and the claw part gaps which are staggered with each other are filled and welded by using non-magnetic-conductive materials.
7. A parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole machine according to claim 1, wherein the armature winding is an ac winding.
8. A parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole machine according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnets are radially magnetized; the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the electric excitation magnetomotive force of the excitation winding are connected in parallel.
9. A parallel hybrid excitation brushless jaw pole motor according to claim 1, wherein the second jaw pole has a plurality of slots formed in the inner side of the bottom of the pole heel, the slots having the same depth and thickness as the pole heel, and radially magnetized permanent magnets embedded in the slots.
10. A parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor according to claim 9, wherein the number of slots is the same as the number of claw portions of the second claw pole, and the magnetization directions of the plurality of permanent magnets are the same.
CN201911268422.6A 2019-12-11 2019-12-11 Parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor Pending CN110912302A (en)

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CN201911268422.6A CN110912302A (en) 2019-12-11 2019-12-11 Parallel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2431214A1 (en) * 1978-07-13 1980-02-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert ELECTRIC GENERATOR, ESPECIALLY THREE-PHASE ALTERNATOR WITHOUT RINGS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES, WITH DRIVE DEVICE INCLUDING A MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
CN1441537A (en) * 2003-02-28 2003-09-10 王群京 Mixed exciting pawl pole electric generator
CN102035275A (en) * 2010-11-19 2011-04-27 山东大学 Hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2431214A1 (en) * 1978-07-13 1980-02-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert ELECTRIC GENERATOR, ESPECIALLY THREE-PHASE ALTERNATOR WITHOUT RINGS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES, WITH DRIVE DEVICE INCLUDING A MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
CN1441537A (en) * 2003-02-28 2003-09-10 王群京 Mixed exciting pawl pole electric generator
CN102035275A (en) * 2010-11-19 2011-04-27 山东大学 Hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole motor

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