CN110910968A - Calculation method for space distribution condition of discharge decomposition product of high-voltage electrical equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calculation method of the space distribution condition of a discharge decomposition product of high-voltage electrical equipment, which comprises the following steps of firstly determining an optimized molecular structure S and a proportion C of an insulating gas filled in the high-voltage electrical equipment according to the type and the content of the insulating gas filled in the high-voltage electrical equipment, and determining a discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas and a rate constant K of the discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas; then determining the nonequilibrium 0 dimension distribution condition N1 of the insulation gas discharge decomposition products; and finally, determining the spatial distribution condition N2 of the discharge decomposition products of the insulating gas according to the unbalanced 0-dimensional distribution condition N1 of the insulating gas and the spatial structure of the high-voltage electrical equipment. The invention solves the problem of unknown calculation of the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment in the prior art, and lays a theoretical foundation for realizing reasonable evaluation of the insulation strength of the high-voltage electrical equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fault diagnosis and running state monitoring of high-voltage electrical equipment, and particularly relates to a calculation method for the spatial distribution condition of discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment.
Background
High-voltage electrical equipment (such as circuit breaker, GIS, GIL, etc.) is respectively treated with SF6、SF6The substitute gas is used as an insulating medium and is an important guarantee for the safe operation of the power system. The phenomena of electric arc, partial discharge, spark discharge, corona discharge, etc., which occur during the operation of high-voltage electrical equipment, are the main causes of the decomposition of insulating gases. Most decomposition products have poor stability, and can be recombined into initial insulating gas molecules along with the reduction of discharge temperature, but partial products can not be recombined, so that the equipment is insulatedThe intensity is reduced, the intensity recovery process of the medium after the arc is not facilitated, and the safe operation of the equipment and the power system where the equipment is located is threatened.
The gas insulation strength can be reduced by the critical breakdown field strength (E/N)crThe electron energy distribution equation can be obtained by solving the Boltzmann equation on the basis of obtaining the components of the insulating gas discharge decomposition products and the electron collision cross section data, and the gas reduced critical breakdown field intensity (E/N) can be further calculatedcr. In addition, the electron temperature of the decomposition products of the insulating gas discharge gradually deviates from the heavy particle temperature with the decay of the temperature, the relaxation time of the chemical reaction is longer than the characteristic time of the transient change of the particles, so that the system deviates from the thermodynamic equilibrium and the chemical equilibrium at the same time, and the decomposition products are distributed unevenly along the internal space structure of the equipment. Therefore, the accurate space distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment is the key for researching the insulation characteristics, but related researches at home and abroad are less.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field are dedicated to developing a calculation method for the spatial distribution condition of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment, solving the technical problem that the spatial distribution condition of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment is unknown, and laying a theoretical foundation for realizing reasonable evaluation of the insulation strength of the high-voltage electrical equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of high-voltage electrical equipment, which solves the problem of unknown calculation of the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment in the prior art and lays a theoretical foundation for realizing reasonable evaluation of the insulation strength of the high-voltage electrical equipment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the calculation method of the space distribution condition of the discharge decomposition product of the high-voltage electrical equipment is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, determining an optimized molecular structure S and a proportion C of insulating gas filled in high-voltage electrical equipment according to the type and the content of the insulating gas filled in the high-voltage electrical equipment;
step 2, determining a discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas according to the optimized molecular structure S of the insulating gas;
step 3, determining a rate constant K of the insulating gas discharge decomposition path according to the optimized molecular structure S and the discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas;
step 4, determining the nonequilibrium 0-dimensional distribution condition N1 of the insulation gas discharge decomposition products according to the insulation gas discharge decomposition path, the rate constant K and the discharge type;
and 5, determining the spatial distribution condition N2 of the discharge decomposition products of the insulating gas according to the unbalanced 0-dimensional distribution condition N1 of the insulating gas and the spatial structure of the high-voltage electrical equipment.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the insulating gas in step 1 is SF6、CO2、CF3I、C3F8、C5F10O、C4F7N、C6F10One of O single gases; or the insulating gas is the single gas, air and CO2、N2A mixed gas composed of one of the gases in (1).
The high-voltage electrical equipment in the step 1 is one of a circuit breaker, a gas insulated totally-enclosed switchgear GIS and a gas insulated transmission line GIL electrical equipment which take the insulating gas as an insulating medium.
The insulation gas discharge decomposition products in the step 4 are neutral and charged decomposition products of the insulation gas under the conditions of electric arc, partial discharge, spark discharge and corona discharge.
The calculation method of the optimized molecular structure S of the marginal gas in the step 1 comprises the following steps: inputting the initial guess molecular geometric structure parameters of the insulating gas into the insulating gas after being simplified by a density functional method
And (4) performing iterative calculation on the molecular orbital energy level expansion coefficient, and optimizing until the residual error is 0 to obtain the optimized molecular structure S of the insulating gas.
The discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas in the step 2 is calculated according to the following method: and carrying out flexible scanning calculation on the potential decomposition position of the insulating gas, determining a reactant, a transition state and a product according to a change curve of reaction energy along with a reaction coordinate, and constructing a discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas, wherein the reactant and the product are stagnation points of a reaction energy curve, and the transition state is a saddle point of the reaction energy curve.
The rate constant K of the insulating gas discharge decomposition path in step 3 is calculated as follows:
obtaining the following components by calculation according to the variational transition state theory combination type (1) and (2):
K＝κ(T)×minskGT(s,T)＝κ(T)×kGT(s*,T) (2)
in formulae (1) and (2): q≠(T) an internal partition function representing a transition state structure; phi is aR(T) represents the total partition function of reactants per unit volume; v≠Representing the potential energy difference between the transition state structure and the reactant; s denotes the reaction coordinate,. kappa. (T) denotes the penetration factor, kBIs Boltzmann constant, T is temperature, h is Planckian constant, kGTRepresents the rate constant, min, under the generalized transition state theory GTsRepresents kGTMinimum value at reaction coordinate s, s*Represents kGTThe reaction coordinate at the minimum is taken.
The nonequilibrium 0 dimension distribution condition N1 of the insulation gas discharge decomposition products in the step 4 is calculated according to the following method:
the calculation through the joint type (3) and (4) obtains:
in formulae (3) and (4): n isi(t) represents the number of moles/mol of the ith particle at time t; m, N and V (t) respectively represent the total number of chemical reactions in the systemTotal number of particles, volume; upsilon isikRepresenting the stoichiometric number of the front of the ith particle in the kth chemical reaction; r isk(T) represents the rate coefficient of the kth chemical reaction; t is the discharge temperature; n ise、nmaxRespectively representing the electron density and the maximum density of electrons in the system; a ═ 0.17; t iseIndicating the electron temperature, ThRepresents the particle temperature; n isi(t) represents the content of the ith particle at time t, and t represents time; upsilon islkExpressing the stoichiometric number in front of the first particle in the kth chemical reaction, wherein the value of k is in the range of 1-m, the value of l is in the range of 1-N, and the content of all particles NiThe set of (t) is the unbalanced 0-dimensional distribution N1, N1 ═ N1(t),n2(t),n3(t),…,nN(t)}。
The spatial distribution of the dielectric gas discharge decomposition products N2 in step 5 was calculated as follows: establishing a two-dimensional space model according to the actual structure of the high-voltage electrical equipment, taking the nonequilibrium 0-dimensional distribution condition N1 of the insulating gas discharge decomposition product obtained in the step 4 as initial data to carry out iterative calculation in the formulas (5) and (6), namely taking the electron content, the positive ion content and the negative ion content in N1 as the initial data Ne(t)、N+(t) and N-(t), t is 0, and the spatial distribution of the insulating gas discharge decomposition products is obtained as N2:
in formulae (5) and (6): n is a radical ofe、N+、N-Electron and positive and negative ion contents, respectively; upsilon ise、υ+、υ-α, η, β and D are ionization, adhesion, recombination and diffusion coefficients respectively;
for applying an external voltage(ii) a q is the electronic electricity quantity; ε is the vacuum dielectric constant; s is a photoionization source term; x represents the abscissa in rectangular coordinates, r represents the sphere diameter in spherical coordinates, and z represents the radius angle in spherical coordinates;
N2＝{Ne(t)，N+(t)，N-(t) }, i.e., N2 is the set of electrons and the concentrations of positive and negative ions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a set of calculation procedures by separately considering the temperature T of heavy particleshAnd electron temperature TeThe non-equilibrium 0-dimensional distribution condition N of the insulation gas discharge decomposition product is obtained, the coupling mass continuity equation and the Poisson equation are used for obtaining the spatial distribution condition N2 of the insulation gas discharge decomposition product, the technical problem that the components of the insulation gas discharge decomposition product are difficult to accurately obtain is solved, and a theoretical basis is laid for reasonable evaluation of the insulation strength of the high-voltage electrical equipment. (2) The insulating gas employed in the present invention may be, but is not limited to, SF6，SF6Respectively with air and CO2、N2Gas obtained by mixing the background gases according to a certain proportion, and SF6Replacing the gas. The SF6The substitute gas may be, but is not limited to, CO2，CF3I，C3F8，C5F10O is respectively mixed with air and CO2、N2Gas obtained by mixing a certain proportion of background gas, C4F7N is respectively mixed with air and CO2、N2Gas obtained by mixing the background gases according to a certain proportion, and C6F12O is respectively mixed with air and CO2、N2The method has universal applicability to the existing high-voltage electrical equipment and has remarkable social benefit. (3) The method can save calculation and test cost and lay a foundation for effectively realizing reasonable evaluation of the insulation strength of the high-voltage electrical equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a calculation method of the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a method for calculating the space distribution condition of discharge decomposition products of high-voltage electrical equipment, which is implemented according to the following steps as shown in the figure:
step 1, determining an optimized molecular structure S and a proportion C of insulating gas filled in high-voltage electrical equipment according to the type and the content of the insulating gas filled in the high-voltage electrical equipment;
the insulating gas in step 1 is SF6、CO2、CF3I、C3F8、C5F10O、C4F7N、C6F10One of O single gases; or the insulating gas is the single gas, air and CO2、N2A mixed gas composed of one of the gases in (1).
The high-voltage electrical equipment in the step 1 is one of a circuit breaker, a gas insulated totally-enclosed switchgear GIS and a gas insulated transmission line GIL electrical equipment which take the insulating gas as an insulating medium.
The calculation method of the optimized molecular structure S of the marginal gas in the step 1 comprises the following steps: inputting the initial guess molecular geometric structure parameters of the insulating gas into the insulating gas after being simplified by a density functional method
And (4) performing iterative calculation on the molecular orbital energy level expansion coefficient, and optimizing until the residual error is 0 to obtain the optimized molecular structure S of the insulating gas.
Step 2, determining a discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas according to the optimized molecular structure S of the insulating gas;
the discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas in the step 2 is calculated according to the following method: and carrying out flexible scanning calculation on the potential decomposition position of the insulating gas, determining a reactant, a transition state and a product according to a change curve of reaction energy along with a reaction coordinate, and constructing a discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas, wherein the reactant and the product are stagnation points of a reaction energy curve, and the transition state is a saddle point of the reaction energy curve.
Step 3, determining a rate constant K of the insulating gas discharge decomposition path according to the optimized molecular structure S and the discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas;
the rate constant K of the insulating gas discharge decomposition path in step 3 is calculated as follows:
obtaining the following components by calculation according to the variational transition state theory combination type (1) and (2):
K＝κ(T)×minskGT(s,T)＝κ(T)×kGT(s*,T) (2)
in formulae (1) and (2): q≠(T) an internal partition function representing a transition state structure; phi is aR(T) represents the total partition function of reactants per unit volume; v≠Representing the potential energy difference between the transition state structure and the reactant; s denotes the reaction coordinate,. kappa. (T) denotes the penetration factor, kBIs Boltzmann constant, T is temperature, h is Planckian constant, kGTRepresents the rate constant, min, under the generalized transition state theory GTsRepresents kGTMinimum value at reaction coordinate s, s*Represents kGTThe reaction coordinate at the minimum is taken.
Step 4, determining the nonequilibrium 0-dimensional distribution condition N1 of the insulation gas discharge decomposition products according to the insulation gas discharge decomposition path, the rate constant K and the discharge type;
the nonequilibrium 0 dimension distribution condition N1 of the insulation gas discharge decomposition products in the step 4 is calculated according to the following method:
the calculation through the joint type (3) and (4) obtains:
in formulae (3) and (4): n isi(t) represents the number of moles/mol of the ith particle at time t; m, N and V (t) respectively represent the total number of chemical reactions, the total number of particles and the volume of the system; upsilon isikRepresenting the stoichiometric number of the front of the ith particle in the kth chemical reaction; r isk(T) represents the rate coefficient of the kth chemical reaction; t is the discharge temperature; n ise、nmaxRespectively representing the electron density and the maximum density of electrons in the system; a ═ 0.17; t iseIndicating the electron temperature, ThRepresents the particle temperature; n isi(t) represents the content of the ith particle at time t, and t represents time; upsilon islkExpressing the stoichiometric number in front of the first particle in the kth chemical reaction, wherein the value of k is in the range of 1-m, the value of l is in the range of 1-N, and the content of all particles NiThe set of (t) is the unbalanced 0-dimensional distribution N1, N1 ═ N1(t),n2(t),n3(t),…,nN(t)}。
The insulation gas discharge decomposition products in the step 4 are neutral and charged decomposition products of the insulation gas under the conditions of electric arc, partial discharge, spark discharge and corona discharge.
And 5, determining the spatial distribution condition N2 of the discharge decomposition products of the insulating gas according to the unbalanced 0-dimensional distribution condition N1 of the insulating gas and the spatial structure of the high-voltage electrical equipment.
The spatial distribution of the dielectric gas discharge decomposition products N2 in step 5 was calculated as follows: establishing a two-dimensional space model according to the actual structure of the high-voltage electrical equipment, taking the nonequilibrium 0-dimensional distribution condition N1 of the insulating gas discharge decomposition product obtained in the step 4 as initial data to carry out iterative calculation in the formulas (5) and (6), namely taking the electron content, the positive ion content and the negative ion content in N1 as the initial data Ne(t)、N+(t) and N-(t), t is 0, and the spatial distribution of the insulating gas discharge decomposition products is obtained as N2:
in formulae (5) and (6): n is a radical ofe、N+、N-Electron and positive and negative ion contents, respectively; upsilon ise、υ+、υ-α, η, β and D are ionization, adhesion, recombination and diffusion coefficients respectively;
applying voltage externally; q is the electronic electricity quantity; ε is the vacuum dielectric constant; s is a photoionization source term; x represents the abscissa in rectangular coordinates, r represents the sphere diameter in spherical coordinates, and z represents the radius angle in spherical coordinates;
N2＝{Ne(t)，N+(t)，N-(t) }, i.e., N2 is the set of electrons and the concentrations of positive and negative ions.
Claims (9)
1. A method for calculating the space distribution condition of discharge decomposition products of high-voltage electrical equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining an optimized molecular structure S and a proportion C of insulating gas filled in high-voltage electrical equipment according to the type and the content of the insulating gas filled in the high-voltage electrical equipment;
step 2, determining a discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas according to the optimized molecular structure S of the insulating gas;
step 3, determining a rate constant K of the insulating gas discharge decomposition path according to the optimized molecular structure S and the discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas;
step 4, determining the nonequilibrium 0-dimensional distribution condition N1 of the insulation gas discharge decomposition products according to the insulation gas discharge decomposition path, the rate constant K and the discharge type;
and 5, determining the spatial distribution condition N2 of the discharge decomposition products of the insulating gas according to the unbalanced 0-dimensional distribution condition N1 of the insulating gas and the spatial structure of the high-voltage electrical equipment.
2. According to the claimsThe calculation method for solving 1 of the space distribution condition of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment is characterized in that the insulating gas in the step 1 is SF6、CO2、CF3I、C3F8、C5F10O、C4F7N、C6F10One of O single gases; or the insulating gas is the single gas, air and CO2、N2A mixed gas composed of one of the gases in (1).
3. The method for calculating the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment according to claim 2, wherein the high-voltage electrical equipment in the step 1 is one of a circuit breaker, a gas-insulated fully-closed switchgear GIS and a gas-insulated transmission line GIL electrical equipment, in which the insulating gas is used as an insulating medium.
4. The method for calculating the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment as claimed in claim 3, wherein the insulation gas discharge decomposition products in the step 4 are neutral and charged decomposition products of the insulation gas under the conditions of electric arc, partial discharge, spark discharge and corona discharge.
5. The method for calculating the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment according to claim 4, wherein the method for calculating the optimized molecular structure S of the edge gas in the step 1 comprises the following steps: inputting the initial guess molecular geometric structure parameters of the insulating gas into the insulating gas after being simplified by a density functional method
And (4) performing iterative calculation on the molecular orbital energy level expansion coefficient, and optimizing until the residual error is 0 to obtain the optimized molecular structure S of the insulating gas.
6. The method for calculating the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment according to claim 5, wherein the discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas in the step 2 is calculated according to the following method: and carrying out flexible scanning calculation on the potential decomposition position of the insulating gas, determining a reactant, a transition state and a product according to a change curve of reaction energy along with a reaction coordinate, and constructing a discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas, wherein the reactant and the product are stagnation points of a reaction energy curve, and the transition state is a saddle point of the reaction energy curve.
7. The method for calculating the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein the rate constant K of the discharge decomposition path of the insulating gas in the step 3 is calculated as follows:
obtaining the following components by calculation according to the variational transition state theory combination type (1) and (2):
K＝κ(T)×minskGT(s,T)＝κ(T)×kGT(s*,T) (2)
in formulae (1) and (2): q≠(T) an internal partition function representing a transition state structure; phi is aR(T) represents the total partition function of reactants per unit volume; v≠Representing the potential energy difference between the transition state structure and the reactant; s denotes the reaction coordinate,. kappa. (T) denotes the penetration factor, kBIs Boltzmann constant, T is temperature, h is Planckian constant, kGTRepresents the rate constant, min, under the generalized transition state theory GTsRepresents kGTMinimum value at reaction coordinate s, s*Represents kGTThe reaction coordinate at the minimum is taken.
8. The method for calculating the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment as claimed in claim 7, wherein the unbalanced 0-dimensional distribution N1 of the discharge decomposition products of the insulating gas in the step 4 is calculated according to the following method:
the calculation through the joint type (3) and (4) obtains:
in formulae (3) and (4): n isi(t) represents the number of moles/mol of the ith particle at time t; m, N and V (t) respectively represent the total number of chemical reactions, the total number of particles and the volume of the system; upsilon isikRepresenting the stoichiometric number of the front of the ith particle in the kth chemical reaction; r isk(T) represents the rate coefficient of the kth chemical reaction; t is the discharge temperature; n ise、nmaxRespectively representing the electron density and the maximum density of electrons in the system; a ═ 0.17; t iseIndicating the electron temperature, ThRepresents the particle temperature; n isi(t) represents the content of the ith particle at time t, and t represents time; upsilon islkExpressing the stoichiometric number in front of the first particle in the kth chemical reaction, wherein the value of k is in the range of 1-m, the value of l is in the range of 1-N, and the content of all particles NiThe set of (t) is the unbalanced 0-dimensional distribution N1, N1 ═ N1(t),n2(t),n3(t),…,nN(t)}。
9. The method for calculating the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the high-voltage electrical equipment according to claim 8, wherein the spatial distribution of the discharge decomposition products of the insulating gas in step 5, N2, is calculated according to the following method: establishing a two-dimensional space model according to the actual structure of the high-voltage electrical equipment, taking the nonequilibrium 0-dimensional distribution condition N1 of the insulating gas discharge decomposition product obtained in the step 4 as initial data to carry out iterative calculation in the formulas (5) and (6), namely taking the electron content, the positive ion content and the negative ion content in N1 as the initial data Ne(t)、N+(t) and N-(t), t is 0, and the spatial distribution of the insulating gas discharge decomposition products is obtained as N2:
in formulae (5) and (6): n is a radical ofe、N+、N-Electron and positive and negative ion contents, respectively; upsilon ise、υ+、υ-α, η, β and D are ionization, adhesion, recombination and diffusion coefficients respectively;
applying voltage externally; q is the electronic electricity quantity; ε is the vacuum dielectric constant; s is a photoionization source term; x represents the abscissa in rectangular coordinates, r represents the sphere diameter in spherical coordinates, and z represents the radius angle in spherical coordinates;
N2＝{Ne(t)，N+(t)，N-(t) }, i.e., N2 is the set of electrons and the concentrations of positive and negative ions.
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