CN110907382A - Multi-component gas analyzer - Google Patents
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G01W—METEOROLOGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-component gas analyzer, which comprises a sun tracker 1, a spectrometer 2, a GPS (global positioning system) positioning system 4, a meteorological instrument 5 and a computer 3. The invention takes sunlight as a light source, and tracks the height and the direction of the sun through the sun tracker, thereby ensuring that the light source is always transmitted into the spectrometer, and realizing the real-time and rapid measurement and analysis of the multi-component gas in the polluted area. The multi-component gas analyzer provided by the invention has the advantages of light structure, relatively low manufacturing cost and convenience in movement, and can be used for multi-component, low-concentration and remote measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to open type multi-component gas monitoring equipment, in particular to multi-component gas analysis equipment based on a Michelson type.
Background
The atmospheric multi-component pollutant and the continuous automatic monitoring of the time-space distribution thereof are one of the problems to be solved in the atmospheric environment monitoring research field of China at present, and developed countries have established quite perfect monitoring technology and method systems in the related fields, and form the trend of developing towards the three-dimensional, non-point source and multi-component continuous automatic monitoring technology from ground data, point source emission and a small amount of conventional monitoring components. The environmental technology appraisal plan (ETV) formulated by the United states Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) aims to promote innovation and development of environmental science and technology through performance appraisal and information distribution, accelerate the speed of absorbing and utilizing advanced and efficient technology, and achieve the purpose of better serving for environmental protection. Environmental optics and spectroscopy techniques are important development directions and technical mainstream of current important atmospheric pollution indexes and pollution source emission monitoring techniques. The ETV project formulates an authentication test and quality assurance outline for advanced environmental monitoring technologies, such as Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS), tuned semiconductor laser spectroscopy (TDLAS), open optical path fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR), laser technology (LIDAR), etc., which are certified as equivalent methods for environmental monitoring. Determination of the amount of atmospheric pollution emitted by various pollution sources (point sources and non-point sources) is an important part of pollution control. For the emission of point sources, such as industrial chimneys, the conventional measurement systems adopted are Continuous Emission Measurement Systems (CEMS), there are plug-in flue spectroscopy methods, or optical measurements (uv fluorescence, chemiluminescence) diluted with extraction samples, but CEMS systems are bulky and expensive; the electrochemical method is adopted for measurement, but the service life is short, continuous measurement cannot be realized, and the electrochemical method is generally applied to the purpose of periodic detection. For multi-point source and unorganized emission sources, various pollution emission conditions contained in the emission sources are complex and have more unknown factors, the total emission amount is usually obtained by adopting a pollution source investigation statistical method, however, the source list investigation is time-consuming and labor-consuming, particularly, the economy of China develops rapidly, changes are changed day by day, and timely updating of source data is not always done.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-component gas analyzer, which takes sunlight as a light source and is based on a occultation flux infrared spectroscopy, can rapidly scan and analyze multi-component gas in a polluted area, monitors the gas leakage condition in real time, and has the advantages of light structure, relatively low manufacturing cost, convenience for mobile measurement (such as vehicle-mounted, shipborne and airborne), relatively simple technology, high signal-to-noise ratio, capability of multi-component, low concentration, remote measurement and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-component gas analyzer, comprising a solar tracker, a spectrometer, a GPS positioning system, a meteorological instrument and a computer;
the solar tracker is used for tracking the position of the sun and introducing sunlight which is selectively absorbed by the multi-component gas into the spectrometer;
the spectrometer is used for carrying out spectral analysis on the sunlight introduced into the spectrometer to obtain spectral data of the multi-component gas;
the GPS positioning system is used for providing position information of a measuring point of the multi-component gas analyzer;
the meteorological instrument is used for providing meteorological parameters, wind speed and wind direction information of a measuring point;
and the computer is respectively connected with the spectrometer, the GPS positioning system and the meteorological instrument and is used for receiving the measurement data of the spectrometer, the GPS positioning system and the meteorological instrument and calculating the emission flux of the multi-component gas in the polluted area.
Preferably, the multi-component gas analyzer is mounted on a movable detection device.
Preferably, the multi-component analyzer acquires meteorological parameters and position information of a measuring point, and can compensate the influence of the environment on gas concentration analysis.
Preferably, the sun tracker includes: the device comprises an optical assembly, a photoelectric detector, a drive control device and a support table;
the optical component is used for respectively introducing sunlight into the spectrograph and the photoelectric detector;
the photoelectric detector calculates the position of the sun according to the detected light intensity, generates a corresponding instruction according to the position of the sun and sends the instruction to the driving control device;
the drive control device is used for adjusting the light path of the optical component according to the instruction of the photoelectric detector and ensuring the real-time tracking of the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle;
the support table is used for placing the optical assembly, the photoelectric detector and the drive control device.
Preferably, the optical assembly comprises:
a first reflector for introducing sunlight into the interior of the sun tracker;
the first light path component is used for transmitting the sunlight introduced by the first reflecting mirror into the spectrograph;
and the second light path component is used for transmitting the sunlight introduced by the first reflecting mirror into the photoelectric detector.
Preferably, the first light path component comprises at least one reflecting mirror and/or a transmitting mirror, and the light path formed by the reflecting mirror and/or the transmitting mirror transmits the sunlight introduced by the first reflecting mirror to the spectrometer; the second light path component comprises at least one reflecting mirror and/or a transmitting mirror, and the light path formed by the reflecting mirror and/or the transmitting mirror transmits the sunlight introduced by the first reflecting mirror to the photoelectric detector.
Preferably, the drive control device includes: a control unit, a first motor and a second motor;
the control unit is connected with the photoelectric detector through a circuit and used for driving the first motor and the second motor according to the instruction of the photoelectric detector;
the first motor is arranged below the first reflector and used for adjusting the pitch angle of the first reflector to realize tracking of the solar altitude;
the second motor is arranged below the supporting platform and used for driving the supporting platform to drive the first reflector to rotate in the horizontal direction, and tracking of the solar azimuth angle is achieved.
The invention takes sunlight as a light source to carry out real-time and rapid analysis on the multi-component gas in the polluted area, and tracks the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun through the sun tracker, thereby ensuring that the light source always enters the analyzer and realizing the continuous measurement and analysis of the gas in the polluted area. The analyzer provided by the invention has the advantages of light structure, relatively low cost and convenience in movement, and can be used for multi-component, low-concentration and remote measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-component gas analyzer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a reflective solar tracker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The multi-component gas analyzer according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all used in a non-precise ratio for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly aiding in the description of the embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows an analyzer for multi-component gas analysis using a reflective solar tracker, which includes a solar tracker 1, a spectrometer 2, a GPS positioning system 4, a meteorological instrument 5, and a computer 3.
The solar tracker 1 is used for tracking the position of the sun and introducing sunlight which is selectively absorbed by multi-component gas into a spectrometer;
the spectrometer 2 is used for carrying out spectral analysis on the sunlight introduced into the spectrometer to obtain spectral data of the multi-component gas;
the GPS positioning system 4 is used for providing position information of a measuring point and calculating a height angle between the measuring point and the sun;
the position information of the measuring point comprises longitude and latitude information of the measuring point, and the solar altitude angle of the measuring point is calculated according to the moving track of the sun relative to the earth and the measuring time.
The meteorological instrument 5 is used for providing meteorological parameters, wind speed and wind direction information of a measuring point;
and the computer 6 is respectively connected with the spectrometer 2, the GPS positioning system 4 and the meteorological instrument 5 and is used for receiving the measurement data of the spectrometer 2, the GPS positioning system 4 and the meteorological instrument 5 and calculating the emission flux of the multi-component gas in the polluted area according to the spectral data of the multi-component gas, the position information of a measurement point, meteorological parameters and wind speed and direction information.
The method for calculating the emission of the multi-component gas in the pollution area comprises the following steps:
A. calculating the column concentration of the pollutant according to the spectral data of the multi-component gas and the meteorological parameters of the measuring points;
B. and calculating the discharge flux of the multi-component gas according to the column concentration of the measuring point and the wind speed and direction information of the measuring point.
The vertical column concentration at measurement point x is:
Cli(x)＝Ci(x)Li(x)sin(δ(x))
in the formula, Ci(x)Li(x) To measure the column concentration at point x, δ (x) is the solar altitude at the measurement point, and the solar altitude in the contaminated area is approximately the same.
In the actual measurement, the flow passes through the measurement start point x1And measuring the endpoint x2The flux of the polluting gas in the segment dx between them is:
where u (x) is the wind speed at the measurement point x,
average vertical column concentration on dx path:
the multi-component gas emission flux in the contaminated zone is:
fig. 2 shows a reflective solar tracker for a multi-component gas analyzer, which includes an optical assembly, a photodetector 14, a drive control device, and a supporting stage; the optical assembly comprises a first reflector 10, a second reflector 12, a third reflector 11 and a fourth reflector 13; the drive control device comprises a control unit 15, a first motor 16 and a second motor 17; the support table includes a rotary table 18, a first fixed table 19, and a second fixed table 120. The first reflector 10, the first motor 18, the second reflector 12, the third reflector 11, the control unit 14 and the photodetector 14 are fixedly arranged on a rotating platform 18, and the second motor 17 and the rotating platform 18 are fixedly arranged on a first fixed platform 19; the fourth reflecting mirror 13, the first fixed stage 19 and the spectrometer are fixedly mounted on the second fixed stage 120.
The first reflector 10 is used for introducing sunlight into the solar tracker, reflected light of the first reflector 10 is transmitted to the position of the third reflector 11, and the third reflector 11 is provided with a window; a part of the reflected light of the first reflector 10 is transmitted to the fourth reflector 13 through the third reflector 11, and another part of the reflected light of the first reflector 10 is incident to the second reflector 12 through a window on the third reflector 11; the third reflector 11 and the fourth reflector 13 form a first optical path component, and the reflected light of the fourth reflector 13 is transmitted to the spectrometer 2; the second reflecting mirror 12 constitutes a second optical path component, and the second reflecting mirror 12 is mounted on a two-dimensional adjusting frame, so that the reflected light of the second reflecting mirror is incident on the reference position of the photoelectric detector 14 by adjusting the two-dimensional adjusting frame.
The photoelectric detector 14 is configured to detect light intensity of sunlight transmitted by the second optical path component in real time, and the photoelectric detector 14 determines a moving direction of the sun according to the obtained light intensity information of the sunlight at a plurality of positions, generates a corresponding instruction, and sends the instruction to the control unit 15. The control unit 15 is electrically connected to the photo detector 14 for analyzing the instructions of the photo detector 14 and driving the first motor 16 and the second motor 17 to operate according to the instructions.
The first motor 16 is installed below the first reflector 10 and used for adjusting the pitch angle of the first reflector 10 to realize tracking of the solar altitude; the second motor 17 is installed below the rotating table 18, and the rotating table 18 can drive the first reflecting mirror 10 to rotate in the horizontal direction under the driving of the second motor 17, so as to realize the tracking of the sun azimuth.
The multi-component gas analyzer is arranged on a movable vehicle, and in the process of moving or turning the vehicle, the light ray direction of the reflected light of the third reflector 11 of the solar tracker is always the same as the normal direction of the second fixed table 120, namely, the sunlight is transmitted through the first light path component of the solar tracker and always enters the spectrometer.
The invention takes sunlight as a light source to carry out real-time and rapid analysis on the multi-component gas in the polluted area, and tracks the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun through the sun tracker, thereby ensuring that the light source always enters the analyzer and realizing the continuous measurement and analysis of the gas in the polluted area. The analyzer provided by the invention has the advantages of light structure, relatively low cost and convenience in movement, and can be used for multi-component, low-concentration and remote measurement.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A multi-component gas analyzer, comprising: the system comprises a solar tracker, a spectrometer, a GPS positioning system, a meteorological instrument and a computer;
the solar tracker is used for tracking the position of the sun and introducing sunlight which is selectively absorbed by the multi-component gas into the spectrometer;
the spectrometer is used for carrying out spectral analysis on the sunlight introduced into the spectrometer to obtain spectral data of the multi-component gas;
the GPS positioning system is used for providing position information of a measuring point of the multi-component gas analyzer;
the meteorological instrument is used for providing meteorological parameters, wind speed and wind direction information of a measuring point;
and the computer is respectively connected with the spectrometer, the GPS positioning system and the meteorological instrument and is used for receiving the measurement data of the spectrometer, the GPS positioning system and the meteorological instrument and calculating the emission flux of the multi-component gas in the polluted area.
2. A multi-component gas analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the multi-component gas analyzer is mounted on a movable detection device.
3. A multi-component gas analyzer in accordance with claim 1, wherein the sun tracker comprises: the device comprises an optical assembly, a photoelectric detector, a drive control device and a support table;
the optical component is used for respectively introducing sunlight into the spectrograph and the photoelectric detector;
the photoelectric detector calculates the position of the sun according to the detected light intensity, generates a corresponding instruction according to the position of the sun and sends the instruction to the driving control device;
the drive control device is used for adjusting the light path of the optical component according to the instruction of the photoelectric detector and ensuring the real-time tracking of the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle;
the support table is used for placing the optical assembly, the photoelectric detector and the drive control device.
4. A multi-component gas analyzer in accordance with claim 3, wherein the optical assembly comprises:
a first reflector for introducing sunlight into the interior of the sun tracker;
the first light path component is used for transmitting the sunlight introduced by the first reflecting mirror into the spectrograph;
and the second light path component is used for transmitting the sunlight introduced by the first reflecting mirror into the photoelectric detector.
5. The multi-component gas analyzer of claim 4, wherein the first optical path component comprises at least one mirror and/or a transmissive mirror, the mirror and/or the transmissive mirror forming an optical path for transmitting sunlight introduced by the first mirror to the spectrometer; the second light path component comprises at least one reflecting mirror and/or a transmitting mirror, and the light path formed by the reflecting mirror and/or the transmitting mirror transmits the sunlight introduced by the first reflecting mirror to the photoelectric detector.
6. A multi-component gas analyzer according to claim 4, wherein the drive control means comprises: a control unit, a first motor and a second motor;
the control unit is connected with the photoelectric detector through a circuit and used for driving the first motor and the second motor according to the instruction of the photoelectric detector;
the first motor is arranged below the first reflector and used for adjusting the pitch angle of the first reflector to realize tracking of the solar altitude;
the second motor is arranged below the supporting platform and used for driving the supporting platform to drive the first reflector to rotate in the horizontal direction, and tracking of the solar azimuth angle is achieved.
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