CN110907287A - Method for evaluating service life of composite material cable bridge - Google Patents
Method for evaluating service life of composite material cable bridge Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the service life of a composite material cable bridge, which comprises the following steps: aging experiments of the composite material cable bridge frame are carried out at a plurality of different temperatures, the bending strength retention rate f (T) of the composite material cable bridge frame at different thermal aging time T is measured at each temperature T, and the bending strength retention rate f (T) is obtained according to the formula f (T) ═ f0+ blog (T), obtaining the initial bending strength retention rate-f of the material at each temperature T0And the value of the aging rate constant b; according to the formula f (t) ═ f0+ blog (T), making f (T) equal to 0.5, and obtaining the value of the aging end point time tau corresponding to each temperature T; obtaining values of a constant A and a constant B according to a formula lnt, namely A + B/T, and combining aging end point time tau at different temperatures T and T, wherein T in the formula corresponds to the aging end point time tau; and according to the formula lnt, let T be the working temperature of the composite material cable bridge, and obtain the corresponding end-of-life time of the composite material cable bridge at different working temperatures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cable bridges, in particular to a method for evaluating the service life of a composite material cable bridge.
Background
Along with the high development of electrification and automation, particularly the change of a power distribution mode, the direct burial of a trench and the laying of a support cable cannot meet the use requirement, and the cable bridge has the advantages of low cost, flexible construction block and distribution, convenience in loading, unloading and replacement, no position limitation and attractiveness, is used as a support for supporting and placing the cable, and can be used as long as the cable is laid according to the engineering requirement. The composite material cable bridge has the advantages of not only the rigidity of a metal bridge, but also the toughness of a glass fiber reinforced plastic bridge, good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, strong fire resistance, strong ageing resistance, attractive appearance, convenient installation, strong designability, capability of reducing the number of parts and assembly workload, long service life, contribution to reducing the cost and the like. It is widely used in petroleum, chemical industry, electric power, light industry, TV, telecommunication, etc. The composite material cable has great significance for human life, the importance of the composite material cable in the cable industry cannot be replaced, the composite material cable can play a role in conveying electric wires, and meanwhile has a power conveying role, and normal circulation of current can be effectively guaranteed. However, in the long-term operation process, the cable is subjected to combined action of stress factors such as electricity, heat and environment, the mechanical performance of the cable is gradually reduced, the weight of the cable cannot be borne, and finally the bridge frame is failed and broken. It can be seen that the condition of the composite cable is one of the key factors in determining the reliable operation or service life of the cable. Therefore, the aging rule of the composite material cable is mastered, the service life of the composite material cable is correctly and effectively evaluated, and the method is an important means for ensuring safe, reliable and economic operation of power transmission.
Therefore, certain research needs to be carried out on the reliability of the composite material cable bridge, and at present, due to the fact that the use experience of the composite material cable bridge is not rich, people have objections to the durability of the composite material cable bridge used under the environmental condition, the service life of the composite material cable bridge needs to be predicted, but research reports on the aging and the service life of the composite material cable bridge are few.
The aging of general non-metallic materials under natural conditions requires several years or even decades, and aging data (aging reference data, mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation at break, bending strength, tearing strength, compression permanent deformation, impact strength and the like; physical and chemical properties including infrared, thermal weight, oxidation induction period and the like) of the materials can be acquired in a short time through accelerated aging tests (common aging tests include xenon arc lamp aging tests, ultraviolet aging tests, air heat aging tests, ozone tests, natural climate exposure tests, carbon arc lamp aging, salt spray tests, high and low temperature tests and the like) under the condition of not changing the aging mechanism of the non-metallic materials, so that the method is used for evaluating the reliability of the non-metallic materials.
The traditional life evaluation method is mainly to establish the relation between the change of the elongation at break and the residual life through tests. Since the composite material bridge has the function of bearing, the bending strength is an important index of the composite material bridge, and if a service life model of the composite material bridge is established according to the elongation at break, deviation inevitably exists, and the service life of the bridge cannot be effectively reflected. And the composite material has the same strength as steel, so the elongation at break of the material is relatively low, even in the accelerated aging process, the parameter variation is extremely small, the law of performance reduction is difficult to capture, and the evaluation method is difficult. In addition, according to the standard of GB/T1447-. In the tensile property test, the clamping position needs to be protected, the reinforcing sheet is adhered, but in the test process, the reinforcing sheet is easy to loosen, test data is influenced, retesting is inevitably needed for evaluating accuracy, and the working efficiency is low.
A large number of research achievements exist in the fields of state monitoring detection, accelerated aging tests, aging parameter selection and the like of composite materials at home and abroad, but the achievements in the field of service life assessment of composite material cable bridges are relatively few. Li jerusan et al, explore the aging characteristics of the composite material pole tower material during operation, use an aging test chamber to simulate an outdoor operation environment, perform a 5000h multifactor aging test, and calculate a life evaluation model based on the flexural modulus retention of glass fibers (multifactor aging analysis and life evaluation of composite materials for power transmission pole towers, insulation material 2016(11), li jerusan, royal farmer, sachie, sons, guy duckweed). The leaf march et al, by using a T300/4211 epoxy-based carbon fiber reinforced composite, applying a semi-empirical mathematical model, in combination with short-term natural aging data and artificially accelerated aging data in different climatic zones, to evaluate the compressive residual strength (life evaluation of T300/4211 composite, material engineering, 1995(10), leaf march, jensen, marzhen). The Zhuyan, etc. uses the tensile strength to estimate the service life in predicting the service life of the polyurethane material for the polyurethane solidified roadbed (predicting the service life of the polyurethane material for the polyurethane solidified roadbed, railway building, 2017, (5), Zhuyan, Han, sea, Cuiyanjun, Tangjingsong, Wanghong, xi Zui Cheng dynasty, Xiyouxian dynasty). The methods have the defects of too long natural aging time, complex operation, high sample preparation requirement, difficult test, excessive material consumption, large difference of evaluation results and inaccuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the life of a composite cable tray, which uses the bending strength retention rate of the composite cable tray as a parameter for evaluating the life of the composite cable tray, and provides a method for evaluating the life of the composite cable tray, which is rapid, accurate, simple and convenient, and reduces the material waste in the conventional evaluation method.
The invention discloses a composite material cable bridge service life evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) aging experiments of the composite material cable bridge frame are carried out at a plurality of different temperatures, the bending strength retention rate f (T) of the composite material cable bridge frame at different thermal aging time T is measured at each temperature T, and the bending strength retention rate f (T) is obtained according to the formula f (T) ═ f0+ blog (T), obtaining the initial bending strength retention rate-f of the material at each temperature T0And the value of the aging rate constant b;
(2) according to the formula f (t) ═ f0+ blog (T), making f (T) equal to 0.5, and obtaining the value of the aging end point time tau corresponding to each temperature T;
(3) obtaining values of a constant A and a constant B according to a formula lnt, namely A + B/T, and combining aging end point time tau at different temperatures T and T, wherein T in the formula corresponds to the aging end point time tau;
(4) and according to a formula lnt, taking T as the working temperature of the composite material cable bridge, and obtaining the corresponding aging end time of the composite material cable bridge at different working temperatures, namely obtaining the service life end time of the composite material cable bridge.
Further, in step (1), combining logt to f (t) to plot, and obtaining-f according to the slope and intercept of the fitted curve0And the value of b; or solving for-f by least square method0And the value of b.
Further, in step (1), the number of temperatures is 4. 4 groups of aging temperatures are selected, the accelerated aging time is shortened, and the service life of the material is effectively analyzed.
Further, in the step (1), the temperatures are 120 ℃, 135 ℃, 150 ℃ and 165 ℃, respectively.
Further, in step (1), the number of the heat aging times t is 5.
Further, in step (1), the heat aging time t is 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days and 35 days, respectively.
In the step (2), the bending strength retention rate is reduced to 50% of the initial bending strength (the performance retention rate is 50%) to be used as a critical value, when the measured performance reaches the critical value, the performance is judged to be invalid, and the corresponding aging time is the aging end point time tau.
Further, in the step (3), the T value is a thermodynamic temperature value.
Further, in step (3), the slope and intercept of the fitted curve are used to obtain the values of constant A and constant B by plotting logt against 1/T.
Further, in the step (3), the aging endpoint time tau at different temperatures T and T is combined, and the log tau is plotted against 1/T, so that the slope b1 and the intercept a1 of a fitted curve are obtained; and calculating the activation energy Ea of the composite material cable bridge according to the formula Ea-b 1 multiplied by 2.303R.
Further, according to the formula ta/tb=exp[(Ea/R)(1/Ta-1/Tb)]According to a known temperature TbLife t ofbValue, calculating the expected temperature TaLife t ofaThe value is obtained.
Further, in the step (4), if the calculated value of the end-of-life time is greater than the expected value, the expected life requirement is met; otherwise, the service life does not meet the requirement of the expected service life; and meanwhile, the residual service life can be calculated according to the calculated service life end time.
Furthermore, the test basis of the aging test is GB/T2573-.
According to the invention, the bending strength retention rate of the composite material bridge is taken as a parameter for evaluating the service life of the composite material cable bridge, and the bending strength retention rate of the composite material bridge can effectively reflect the performance of the material, so that the residual service life and the actual service life of the material can be better evaluated and predicted.
By the scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages:
the invention carries out an accelerated aging test on the composite material cable bridge in an air thermal aging box, researches the change rule of the bending strength of the composite material cable bridge along with the aging time, obtains a mathematical relation formula of the bending strength of the material along with the aging time and the aging temperature after aging, calculates the aging life of the composite material cable bridge according to the Allen Wutz formula, provides a safe and reliable evaluation basis for the composite material cable bridge, lays an evaluation method of the composite material cable bridge, and makes up the vacancy of the life evaluation method of the composite material cable bridge.
The invention takes the bending strength which is a parameter with regular change as the life evaluation parameter of the material, compared with the traditional evaluation method, the method has the advantages of convenient test, convenient material taking, less dosage, shorter time and reliable data.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the variation of the bending strength retention of a cable tray made of a composite material at different aging temperatures;
FIG. 2 is a graph of log τ versus 1/(T +273) in a linear fashion.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the following examples of the invention, the test bases are GB/T2573-.
The test equipment used was as follows:
an electronic universal testing machine, ETM-A, Shenzhen Wan testing equipment Limited company; the model of the thermal ageing box is RL-100, environmental test equipment of ever-mature market, Inc.
In the invention, 50% of the bending strength retention rate is selected as a basic basis for judging the service life end of the composite material cable bridge. The time at which the retention of flexural strength at different temperatures is 50% is determined from the slope of the fitted curve by plotting the change in retention of flexural strength at different temperatures and times in combination with logt versus f at the same temperature.
f(t)=-f0+blog(t) (1)
In the formula: f (t) is the value of the retention of the flexural strength at the time of ageing t; f. of0Is the initial bending strength retention rate of the material; b is aging rate normal mature; t is the aging time (h).
The Arrhenius model, which considers the aging degradation as a result of the temperature effect, is used for evaluation and the residual life at a given temperature can be found.
Thermal aging is a chemical reaction that occurs as a function of temperature, and the rate of reaction (dg/dt) is given by the following equation:
dg(t)/dt=A exp(-Ea/RT) (2)
the chemical reaction of the thermal life of the composite material cable bridge frame in a certain working temperature range conforms to the following empirical formula in most cases:
lnt=A+B/T (3)
wherein:
g (t) the variable of the reaction occurring within the time t; t: time to end of life; a: a proportionality constant; b: constant, B ═ g (t)/a; ea: activation energy of chemical reaction (eV); r: boltzmann constant (8.617 × 10)-5eV/K); t: working temperature (K).
Determination of the amount of activation energy is critical to accelerated aging. By using the Arrhenius model, the equivalent aging degradation degree can be measured at the known test temperature TbAnd duration of the test tbUnder the conditions of (1), calculating the actual or expected temperature TaLife t ofa:
ta/tb=exp[(Ea/R)(1/Ta-1/Tb)](4)
According to the equation (4), the approximate residual life of a certain material under the condition of known ambient temperature can be obtained; also, the operating temperature that a material can withstand in the future can be estimated conservatively from the expected lifetime.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for evaluating the service life of a composite material cable bridge, which comprises the following steps:
(1) first, according to GB/T2573-.
TABLE 1 aged flexural Strength Retention of materials at different Heat aging temperatures and aging times
The logarithm of the aging time T and the flexural strength retention are approximately linear (standard GB/T11026.3-2006), where x is log (T) and y is f (T), the following linear relationship exists:
y=a+bx(1)
at a given accelerated ageing temperature T, 5 different sets of accelerated ageing times T/Ti (i ═ 1,2,3,4,5) and the flexural strength retention rates of the corresponding ageing samples were recorded, and the coefficients a and b in (1) were solved using the least squares method. For example, when the accelerated aging temperature T is 120 ℃, the flexural strength retention rate f (T) corresponding to the aging time T has 5 test data in total, that is, N is 5, and the coefficients a and b are calculated by the least square method as follows:
a=(∑y-b∑x)/N=197.89
that is, the value of y is 197.89-49.80x, and the aging end point time τ corresponding to 120 ℃ is calculated by setting y to 50% of the aging end point index, that is, setting y to 50% of the initial state index.
When y is taken as the flexural strength retention of 50%, the aging end time τ is calculated as follows:
τ=10x=10(y-a)/b933.02h (hours).
When the accelerated aging temperature T is 135 ℃, 150 ℃, and 165 ℃, the aging end point time τ is 721.24h, 585.25h, and 298.79h, respectively, calculated by the same method.
(2) The log τ is plotted against 1/(T +273) to establish a fitted curve (FIG. 2) which yields the aging temperature versus aging life: n is 1750.49 m-1.55; the correlation coefficient r is 0.9515.
Since lnt is a + a/T, the slope 1750.49 in the equation n 1750.49m-1.55 corresponds to the constant B, and the intercept-1.55 corresponds to the constant a, the corresponding value lnt at the target operating temperature can be calculated according to the known equation lnt is a + B/T, and the corresponding aging end time T can be obtained.
And according to the formulas dg (T)/dt, A exp (-Ea/RT) and lnt, A + B/T, calculating Ea 1750.49 multiplied by 2.303R, and calculating the activation energy of the material to be 1.54eV 34.17 kJ/mol. Or according to the formula ta/tb=exp[(Ea/R)(1/Ta-1/Tb)]And calculating the aging end time corresponding to the target working temperature according to the aging end time at the known temperature.
The results of the aging end time, i.e., the lifetime τ, when the working environment temperature T was 30, 35, 40 ℃ are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 evaluation results of cable tray life made of composite material
Activation energy (kJ/mol) | Life at 30 ℃ (year) | 35 ℃ life (year) | Life at 40 ℃ (year) |
34.17 | 2.62 | 2.10 | 1.70 |
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating the service life of a composite material cable bridge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) aging experiments of the composite material cable bridge frame are carried out at a plurality of different temperatures, the bending strength retention rate f (T) of the composite material cable bridge frame at different thermal aging time T is measured at each temperature T, and the bending strength retention rate f (T) is obtained according to the formula f (T) ═ f0+ blog (T), obtaining the initial bending strength retention rate-f of the material at each temperature T0And the value of the aging rate constant b;
(2) according to the formula f (t) ═ f0+ blog (T), making f (T) equal to 0.5, and obtaining the value of the aging end point time tau corresponding to each temperature T;
(3) obtaining values of a constant A and a constant B according to a formula lnt, namely A + B/T, and combining aging end point time tau at different temperatures T and T, wherein T in the formula corresponds to the aging end point time tau;
(4) and according to a formula lnt, taking T as the working temperature of the composite material cable bridge, and obtaining the corresponding aging end time of the composite material cable bridge at different working temperatures, namely obtaining the service life end time of the composite material cable bridge.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step (1), combining logt to plot f (t), and obtaining-f according to the slope and intercept of the fitted curve0And the value of b; or solving for-f by least square method0And the value of b.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step (1), the number of temperatures is 4.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step (1), the temperatures were 120 ℃, 135 ℃, 150 ℃ and 165 ℃, respectively.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step (1), the number of the heat aging times t is 5.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step (1), the heat aging time t is 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days and 35 days, respectively.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the value of T is a thermodynamic temperature value.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the aging endpoint time tau at different temperatures T and T is combined, log tau is plotted against 1/T, and the values of a constant A and a constant B are obtained according to the slope and intercept of a fitted curve.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the 1/T is plotted by log tau, and the slope b1 and the intercept a1 of a fitting curve are obtained; and calculating the activation energy Ea of the composite material cable bridge according to the formula Ea-b 1 multiplied by 2.303R.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: according to the formula ta/tb=exp[(Ea/R)(1/Ta-1/Tb)]According to a known temperature TbLife t ofbValue, calculating the expected temperature TaLife t ofaThe value is obtained.
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