CN110907171A - Polymer gear durability test method - Google Patents
Polymer gear durability test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110907171A CN110907171A CN201911238505.0A CN201911238505A CN110907171A CN 110907171 A CN110907171 A CN 110907171A CN 201911238505 A CN201911238505 A CN 201911238505A CN 110907171 A CN110907171 A CN 110907171A
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/021—Gearings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/025—Test-benches with rotational drive means and loading means; Load or drive simulation
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高分子齿轮耐久试验方法，包括步骤：1、对试验的高分子齿轮进行初始的检测和表征，2、把试验的高分子齿轮分为2组，将高分子齿轮装在耐久试验台上；3、对第1组高分子齿轮进行试验，确认试验的高分子齿轮已失效，记录下循环次数N和失效形式；4、对第2组高分子齿轮按阶段进行试验，对试验的高分子齿轮进行阶段性的检测和表征，直到齿轮发生失效为止，停止实验并记录失效形式和循环次数；5、对第2组高分子齿轮试验所测的阶段性数据与第1组、第2组两次耐久试验的寿命N进行数据分析；6、做出齿面接触应力σ H 与循环次数N的散点图，拟合得到高分子齿轮的SN曲线。本发明的试验结果能为高分子齿轮的使用提供依据。
The invention discloses a method for testing the durability of polymer gears, comprising the steps of: 1. performing initial detection and characterization on the tested polymer gears; 2. dividing the tested polymer gears into two groups, and installing the polymer gears in On the durability test bench; 3. Test the first group of polymer gears to confirm that the tested polymer gears have failed, and record the number of cycles N and failure mode; 4. Test the second group of polymer gears by stages, The tested polymer gears are tested and characterized in stages, until the gear fails, the experiment is stopped and the failure mode and cycle times are recorded; Perform data analysis on the life N of the second group of two durability tests; 6. Make a scatter plot of the tooth surface contact stress σ H and the number of cycles N, and fit the SN curve of the polymer gear. The test results of the present invention can provide a basis for the use of polymer gears.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a gear fatigue life testing technology, and particularly relates to a polymer gear durability test method.
Background
Compared with a steel gear, the polymer gear has the advantages of low processing cost, low noise, low density, low vibration, self-lubrication and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of printers, intelligent furniture, clocks and watches, automatic gear boxes, small engines and the like by virtue of the advantages. In engineering applications, polymer gears are commonly used in different working conditions, such as dry contact, grease lubrication, oil lubrication, and the like. The material and the working condition have great influence on the failure form and the service performance of the high-molecular gear, so a systematic endurance test method is needed to explore the failure form and the service performance of the high-molecular gear, and the method has important significance for establishing a high-molecular gear performance database and improving the durability and the reliability of a high-molecular gear product.
The polymer gear is made of organic polymer materials such as polyformaldehyde resin, polyether-ether-ketone, polyketone resin, carbon fiber and glass fiber. At present, no endurance test method for testing the failure mode and the service performance of the polymer gear exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a polymer gear durability test method which can record the failure process of a polymer gear and reflect the failure form and service performance of the polymer gear under different materials and different working conditions.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
step 6, testing under different lubrication conditions or/and different output torques, analyzing by the cycle number N, and making the tooth surface contact stress sigmaHAnd fitting points in the scatter diagram with the cycle number N by using a least square method to obtain an SN curve of the polymer gear.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1. a polymer gear endurance test method is established, and the blank of the polymer gear fatigue life test field is filled;
2. not only can obtain the failure form and the service performance of the polymer gear, but also can obtain the important parameters (the total tooth profile offset F) of the polymer gear in the service processαSurface roughness Ra, etc.);
3. the fatigue life SN curve of the polymer gear can be obtained, and a basis is provided for the use of the polymer gear.
Drawings
The drawings of the invention are illustrated as follows:
FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap for one embodiment of the present method;
FIG. 2 is a failure mode versus life profile for a first set of experiments of an example;
FIG. 3 shows the total tooth profile offset F in the exampleαHistogram with lifetime N;
FIG. 4 is a graph of mass change versus cycle number for an example embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a histogram of roughness versus life at 60Nm output torque for the example;
FIG. 6 is a tooth surface micro-topography evolution feature diagram under an output torque of 60Nm in an embodiment;
FIG. 7 shows a tooth surface contact stress σ in the exampleHA graph relating to lifetime N.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
the technical route diagram of one embodiment of the method is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
Weighing the polymer gear with an electronic balance with the precision of 0.001g, weighing for 3 times, recording in sequence, and taking the average value of the 3 times of weighing as m0(unit is g). Gear precision detector for high molecular gear tooth profile total offset FαThe detection is carried out, 5 teeth are measured in sequence, and the average value of the total deviation amount of the tooth profile of the 5 teeth is taken as Fα0(unit is μm). The surface roughness Ra of the tooth surface of the polymer gear is represented by a micro-topography measuring instrument, 5 gear teeth are sequentially selected, the tooth crest region and the pitch line region are respectively represented, data are recorded and then processed by AFM software and other software, the roughness Ra of 5 tooth surfaces is obtained, and the average value of the roughness Ra of 5 tooth surfaces is recorded as Ra0. Observing the tooth profile of the polymeric gear by an optical microscope, and sequentially selecting 5 teethAnd respectively observing the tooth crest region and the pitch line region, and photographing and recording.
And 3, testing the group 1 high polymer gear, continuously detecting the temperature of the running-in gear by using an infrared heat sensor in the testing process, stopping when the vibration acceleration of the main shaft of the running-in high polymer gear reaches a set value, confirming that the tested high polymer gear is failed, and recording the cycle number N and the failure mode.
The set value of the vibration acceleration of the main shaft of the running-in polymer gear is 0.1g, and g is the local gravity acceleration. The high molecular gear is disassembled after the machine is stopped, and is cleaned by industrial anhydrous alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning machine. And (5) observing whether the polymer gear has broken teeth, and recording the cycle number N and the failure mode if the polymer gear has broken teeth.
And if no broken tooth appears, observing whether the tooth surface has pitting corrosion, and if the pitting corrosion area of a single tooth surface exceeds 50% of the whole tooth surface, recording the cycle number N and the failure mode.
If no pitting corrosion appears, the polymer gear is weighed by an electronic balance, the weighing is carried out for three times, the three times are recorded in sequence, and the average value m of the three times of weighing is taken1And with the initial mass m0Comparing, and if the mass variation delta m is more than or equal to 0.05m0Wherein Δ m ═ m0-m1The number of cycles N and the failure mode are recorded.
If the mass change amount Δ m<0.05m0Then using the gear precision detector to measure the total deviation F of the tooth profile of the counter gearαThe detection is carried out, 5 teeth are measured in sequence, and the average value of the total deviation amount of the tooth profile of the 5 teeth is taken as Fα1，ΔFα＝Fαi-Fαi-1If the change of the total tooth profile offset is Δ FαNot less than 0.1S (wherein S is the tooth thickness at the reference circle)
m is the modulus of the polymer gear), the number of cycles N and the failure mode are recorded.
If the gear mass variation amount is Deltam<0.05m0And the variation quantity delta F of the total tooth profile offsetα<0.1S, continuously assembling the polymer gear on an endurance test bed to perform a running-in test for the 2 nd time; and repeating the test process, increasing the vibration acceleration of the main shaft of the running-in polymer gear every time, and continuing running-in. Specifically, when the vibration acceleration of the main shaft of the running-in high-molecular gear is increased by 0.05g, the running-in high-molecular gear is stopped, the high-molecular gear is detached and the detection items are repeated, if one item reaches the index, the cycle number N and the failure mode are recorded, and the like, and if the failure does not occur, the ith running-in test is carried out until one item in the index is met, and the cycle number N and the failure mode are recorded.
Taking n as an example, the specific process of each stage of the test is as follows:
when the number of cycles reaches N1When the gear weighing machine is stopped, the high-molecular gear is disassembled, is cleaned by industrial absolute alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, is subjected to stage detection and characterization, is weighed by an electronic balance, is weighed for 3 times and is recorded in sequence, and the average value of 3 times of weighing is taken and recorded as m1. Total offset F of tooth profile of counter gear by using gear precision detectorαPerforming detection in turnMeasuring 5 teeth, taking the average value of the total deviation of the tooth profile of 5 teeth as Fα1. The surface roughness Ra of the tooth surface of the polymer gear is represented by a non-contact micro-topography measuring instrument, 5 gear teeth are sequentially selected, the tooth crest region and the pitch line region are respectively represented, data are recorded and are subsequently processed by AFM software and the like to obtain the roughness Ra of the tooth surface of 5 teeth, and the average value of the roughness of the tooth surface of 5 teeth is recorded as Ra1. Observing the tooth profile of the macromolecular gear by using an optical microscope, sequentially selecting 5 teeth, observing the tooth top region and the pitch line region respectively, and photographing and recording. After the detection and the characterization are finished, the polymer gear is assembled on an endurance test bed to carry out a 2 nd running-in test, the temperature of the running-in gear is continuously detected by using an infrared heat sensor in the test process, the temperature is recorded, and when the cycle number reaches N2When the device is stopped, the high-molecular gear is disassembled, cleaned by industrial absolute alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, subjected to stage detection and characterization, and sequentially and respectively marked as m2，Fα2，Ra2. After the detection and characterization are completed, the polymer gear is assembled on a durability test bed to carry out a running-in test for the 3 rd time. And so on until the cycle number reaches N5Until now, the high molecular gear is disassembled by stopping the machine, cleaned by industrial absolute alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and subjected to stage detection and characterization, which are respectively marked as m5，Fα5，Ra5。
There may be some uncertainty in the test that will result in the number of cycles N for gear set 2iBelow or above the number N of cycles of group 1 gear.
When N is presenti<NnWhen i is less than n, stopping the machine to disassemble the high molecular gear, cleaning the high molecular gear by industrial absolute alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and calculating the delta mi＝mi-m0，ΔFαi＝Fαi-Fαi-1Confirming that the tested high-molecular gear fails, and recording the cycle number N at the momentiAnd failure mode, and performing staged detection and characterization, which are sequentially and respectively marked as mi，Fαi，Rai，i<n, stop the test.
When N is presenti>NnWhen i is>And n, repeating the test process, increasing the vibration acceleration of the main shaft of the running-in polymer gear every time, and continuing running-in. Stopping the machine when the vibration acceleration value of the main shaft of the running-in polymer gear is increased, and carrying out staged detection and characterization on the tested polymer gear; repeating the steps in sequence, and calculating the delta mi＝mi-m0，ΔFαi＝Fαi-Fαi-1Confirming that the tested high-molecular gear fails, and recording the cycle number NiAnd failure modes; and performing staged detection and characterization, sequentially and respectively recording as mi，Fαi，RaiThe test was stopped.
The increase value of the vibration acceleration of the main shaft of the running-in polymer gear is 0.05 g.
origin pair F by using mathematical analysis softwareα1、Fα2、…、FαiAnalyzing to obtain total tooth profile offset FαObtaining the variation delta F of the total tooth profile offset according to the histogram of the life variationαiTrend of change over life cycle;
to m1、m2、…、miAnalyzing to obtain mass variation Δ miThe variation of mass Δ m can be obtained from the life-time curveiThe change rule in the whole life cycle;
variation amount of total tooth profile offset Δ FαiAnd amount of mass change Δ miThe wear condition of the polymer gear in the whole service life process can be reliably reflected.
For Ra1、Ra2、…、RaiAnd analyzing to obtain a histogram of the surface roughness Ra changing along with the service life, and obtaining the evolution rule of the surface quality of the tooth surface of the polymer gear in the whole service life cycle.
The evolution characteristics of the tooth surface micro-topography (such as pitting, scratching, thermal damage and the like) can be obtained by comparing and analyzing the photos of observing the tooth surface topography of the high molecular gear by using an optical microscope at each service life stage.
Step 6, testing under different lubrication conditions or/and different output torques, analyzing by the cycle number N, and making the tooth surface contact stress sigmaHAnd fitting points in the scatter diagram with the cycle number N by using a least square method to obtain an SN curve of the polymer gear.
Examples
In the embodiment, a POM gear with a modulus of 3mm is selected for a durability test to obtain the failure mode and the service performance of the gear.
Weighing for 3 times, sequentially recording, and taking average value m of 3 times of weighing0. Total offset F of tooth profile of counter gear by using gear precision detectorαThe test was performed and 5 teeth were measured in sequence. The surface roughness Ra of the tooth surface of the polymer gear is represented by a non-contact type micro-topography measuring instrument, 5 gear teeth are sequentially selected, the tooth crest area and the pitch line area are respectively represented, and data are recorded and then processed by AFM software. Observing the tooth profile of the macromolecular gear by using an optical microscope, sequentially selecting 5 teeth, observing the tooth top region and the pitch line region respectively, and photographing and recording.
TABLE 1 POM Gear durability test basic information
The test bed is selected from a multi-purpose transmission tribology test bed CQU-AMH-195, the torque loading range of the test bed is 0-200 Nm, and the test bed has basic functions of temperature online monitoring, main shaft vibration online monitoring and the like.
And 3, testing the 1 st group of polymer gears, and continuously detecting the temperature of the running-in gear by using an infrared heat sensor in the testing process. When the vibration acceleration of the main shaft of the running-in polymer gear reaches a set value of 0.1g, the machine is stopped, the polymer gear is disassembled, and the polymer gear is cleaned by industrial anhydrous alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning machine. It was found that tooth breakage occurred in the region between the tooth tip and the pitch line, and failure mode and cycle number were recorded, and the test results are shown in fig. 2, and are seen from fig. 2: the failure mode of the POM gear is that the gear teeth generate fatigue fracture in the pitch line and the tooth crest area, and the failure mode of the POM gear is not changed along with the increase of the load torque, which shows that the failure mode of the POM gear is not changed by the change of the load under the oil lubrication condition
And 5, processing data, and utilizing the Origin of mathematical analysis software to perform F under 4 output torquesα1、Fα2、…、FαiAnalyzing to obtain the total tooth profile offset FαHistogram with lifetime N, as shown in fig. 3, can be seen in fig. 3: total deviation F of tooth profile of POM gear bearing surface under the output torques of 60Nm and 40NmαWith a slightly increasing trend from first to failure, the deviation can be as high as 70 μm or more in a short time when the load level is large.
FIG. 4 shows the mass change Δ miWith age, it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the mass change is of a small magnitude as the number of cycles increasesAn increase in this indicates a slight wear of the tooth flanks.
Fig. 5 is a bar graph of the surface roughness Ra of the output torque 60Nm as a function of the lifetime, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the average roughness of the tooth surface is gradually increasing as the number of cycles increases.
And comparing the 60Nm surface micro-topography maps to obtain an evolution diagram of the tooth surface micro-topography under the output torque of 60Nm, as shown in FIG. 6. As can be seen from fig. 6, at an output torque of 60Nm, a large number of machining cuts in the tooth width direction are initially distributed over the entire tooth surface. When the POM gear is operated to 1.4 multiplied by 106When the gear is rotated, the machining cutting marks in the tooth crest area are gradually ground flat, and the machining cutting marks in the pitch line area are still clearly visible; the POM gear is at 2.6 multiplied by 106Failure occurred, but it can be seen in the figure that there was still some machining cut in the nodal line region.
Step 6, analyzing the cycle times N under the 4 output torques to obtain the tooth surface contact stress sigmaHThe SN curve obtained by fitting a scatter plot of lifetime N to the least square method is shown in FIG. 7. The fitting formula is:
it is noted that this formula is only applicable to POM gear pair steel gears under oil lubrication conditions. It may no longer be effective if gear dimensions, manufacturing processes, mating material types, or lubrication conditions change.
Claims (10)
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118980515A (en) * | 2024-10-18 | 2024-11-19 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A new energy vehicle composite transmission reducer and its reliable durability verification method |
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