CN110906874A - End wall thickness measuring method and system based on steel pipe spiral advancing - Google Patents
End wall thickness measuring method and system based on steel pipe spiral advancing Download PDFInfo
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- CN110906874A CN110906874A CN201911416969.6A CN201911416969A CN110906874A CN 110906874 A CN110906874 A CN 110906874A CN 201911416969 A CN201911416969 A CN 201911416969A CN 110906874 A CN110906874 A CN 110906874A
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- steel pipe
- laser displacement
- displacement sensor
- wall thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
Abstract
The invention provides an end wall thickness measuring system based on steel pipe spiral advancing, which comprises a laser displacement combined measuring head, a steel pipe spiral advancing driving device and a steel pipe advancing following device, wherein the steel pipe spiral advancing driving device is used for bearing and driving a steel pipe to be measured to advance in a spiral mode, the laser displacement combined measuring head is arranged on the steel pipe advancing following device and comprises a single-point laser displacement sensor and a 2D line laser displacement sensor, the single-point laser displacement sensor and the 2D line laser displacement sensor are arranged on the same straight line in a centering mode and are configured at one end of the steel pipe to be measured, the single-point laser displacement sensor is located above the left side of the 2D line laser displacement sensor, an inclination angle α is formed between the same straight line and the vertical direction, and the steel pipe advancing following device is used for driving the laser displacement combined measuring head to advance along with the steel pipe to be measured during measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wall thickness detection of a steel pipe end, in particular to a method for measuring the wall thickness of the steel pipe end by using a combined measuring head matched with a single-point and linear laser displacement sensor under the condition of spiral advancing of a steel pipe and a corresponding measuring system.
Background
Due to the particularity of the manufacturing process (hot rolling) of the seamless steel tube, the phenomenon of uneven wall thickness is easily generated in the circumferential direction of the steel tube, and the quality of the steel tube is required to be detected by 100 percent before delivery according to the national standard; because the current seamless steel tube is priced by length and is not priced by weight any more, the accurate control of the wall thickness of the steel tube in the lower deviation range can also improve the economic benefit of the steel tube manufacturing party to a certain extent; in addition, the monitoring of the working condition of the rolling mill can be realized by evaluating the wall thickness of the steel pipe, such as: when the rolling mill is eccentric, the wall thickness of the processed steel tube is not uniform. In conclusion, the wall thickness detection of the end of the steel pipe has very important social benefit and economic value.
The traditional steel pipe wall thickness measuring method mainly adopts tools such as calipers to carry out manual inspection, and the mechanical manual measurement has many defects, such as high labor intensity, large manual error, low detection efficiency, difficulty in measuring the internal dimension and the like. At present, the commonly used methods for automatically measuring the thickness of the steel pipe comprise an electromagnetic method, an ultrasonic method and an ray method. The electromagnetic method mainly depends on the principle that the wall thickness of a workpiece changes to cause magnetic flux to change to finish the measurement of the wall thickness of a steel pipe, and the method based on relative measurement needs to give a reference thickness value firstly, and then compares an actual measurement value with the reference value to obtain an estimated thickness, so that the measurement error is large, and generally only wall thickness of less than 12mm can be detected. In contrast, the ultrasonic-based pulse reflection method can directly measure the wall thickness value, and is usually realized by a single straight probe which is self-transmitting and self-receiving or two oblique probes which are self-transmitting and receiving. Therefore, the ultrasonic method is the most widely applied wall thickness measuring method at present, but the conventional ultrasonic method needs a coupling agent, is contact-type measurement, has low detection speed, is not suitable for high-temperature and high-speed detection, and has a great influence on the ultrasonic thickness measurement result by the roughness of the surface of a workpiece; and the precision of thickness measurement by using an ultrasonic method is not high due to overlarge curvature of the small-diameter steel pipe. The wall thickness measurement method based on the ray method is too high in cost and environment requirements. Therefore, the important significance is achieved in developing a steel pipe wall thickness measuring system which is high in detection speed, high in detection precision and strong in environmental adaptability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an end wall thickness measuring device based on steel pipe spiral advancing and a corresponding measuring method; based on the non-contact measurement principle, the method solves the problems of low detection precision, low efficiency and high outsourcing equipment cost of the existing wall thickness detection method. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides an end wall thickness measuring system based on steel pipe spiral advancing, which comprises a laser displacement combined measuring head, a steel pipe spiral advancing driving device and a steel pipe advancing following device, wherein the laser displacement combined measuring head is arranged on the steel pipe spiral advancing driving device;
the steel pipe spiral advancing driving device is used for bearing and driving the steel pipe to be tested to spirally advance;
the laser displacement combined measuring head is arranged on the steel pipe advancing following device and comprises a single-point laser displacement sensor and a 2D line laser displacement sensor;
the single-point laser displacement sensor and the 2D line laser displacement sensor are arranged on the same straight line in a centering manner and are configured at one end of the steel pipe to be measured;
the steel pipe advancing following device is used for driving the laser displacement combined measuring head to follow the steel pipe to be measured to advance during measurement.
Further, the steel pipe advancing following device comprises an upper wedge block, a lower wedge block, an upper fixing plate, a lower fixing plate and a linear sliding table;
the linear sliding table is installed on the rack, the lower fixing plate is installed on the linear sliding table, the upper fixing plate is fixed on one side, away from the steel pipe spiral advancing driving device, of the lower fixing plate, the single-point laser displacement sensor is installed on the upper fixing plate through the upper wedge block, the 2D line laser displacement sensor is installed on the lower fixing plate through the lower wedge block, and the two laser displacement sensors are installed in a centering mode to form an inclination angle α between the straight line where the two laser displacement sensors are installed and the vertical direction.
Preferably, the upper fixing plate is provided with a workpiece hole for the steel pipe to be detected to move forward after the detection is finished.
Furthermore, a photoelectric sensor is also arranged on the frame or the linear sliding table.
Furthermore, the steel pipe spiral advancing driving device adopts a counter roller driving device, and a counter roller in the counter roller driving device and the axial direction of the steel pipe to be detected have a deflection angle.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an end wall thickness measuring method based on steel pipe spiral advancing, which comprises the following steps:
when the steel pipe to be detected spirally advances to a detection area at a set speed, the photoelectric sensor is triggered, and the PLC controls the laser displacement combined measuring head to start measuring the wall thickness of the end head of the steel pipe to be detected; meanwhile, the steel pipe advancing following device drives the laser displacement combined measuring head to perform following motion of at least one screw pitch;
the distance to the inner wall of the steel pipe to be measured by the single-point laser displacement sensor is t1；
The Z-axis distance data of the central pixel point of the 2D line laser displacement sensor is t2And the minimum Z-axis distance data of the 2D line laser displacement sensor is t3(ii) a The Z-axis direction of the 2D line laser displacement sensor is the direction of the 2D line laser displacement sensor towards the single-point laser displacement sensor;
the distance between the single-point laser displacement sensor and the 2D line laser displacement sensor is T;
when the steel pipe to be measured is static, the theoretical wall thickness d is calculated by a formula (2);
d＝(T-t1-t2)cosα (2)
z-axis data offset h of a central pixel point of the 2D line laser displacement sensor; horizontal offset X of the swing;
h＝(t2-t3)cosα (3)
R1＝X1+h (4)
(R1)2＝X2+(X1)2(5)
X2＝X1-d (6)
(R2)2＝(X2)2+X2(7)
X1and X2Is an intermediate parameter; calculated by combining the formulas (4) and (5)Excircle radius R of steel pipe to be measured1And X1(ii) a Calculating by combining formulas (6) and (7) to obtain the inner circle radius R of the steel pipe to be measured2And X2；
t＝R1-R2(8)
And finally, calculating to obtain the actual wall thickness t of the steel pipe to be measured through a formula (8).
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the non-contact measuring mechanism and the measuring mode can be suitable for detecting the wall thickness of the end head of the high-temperature steel pipe, and have strong environmental adaptability.
2) The detection speed is high, the precision is high, and the dynamic thickness measurement precision reaches +/-0.1 mm.
3) Compared with the traditional wall thickness measuring mode, the device does not need a coupling agent and is simple and portable.
4) The device can measure steel pipes with different pipe diameters and lengths and has high flexibility.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a static measurement principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic measurement principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific figures and examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides an end wall thickness measuring system based on steel pipe spiral advancing, which comprises a laser displacement combined measuring head, a steel pipe spiral advancing driving device and a steel pipe advancing following device, wherein the laser displacement combined measuring head is arranged on the steel pipe spiral advancing driving device;
the steel pipe spiral advancing driving device is used for bearing and driving the steel pipe to be tested 8 to spirally advance;
the laser displacement combined measuring head is arranged on the steel pipe advancing following device and comprises a single-point laser displacement sensor 1 and a 2D line laser displacement sensor 2;
the single-point laser displacement sensor 1 is positioned above the 2D line laser displacement sensor 2, and the same straight line and the vertical direction form an inclination angle α, the smaller the inclination angle, the higher the measurement precision, but the too small the angle, the laser line can not fall on the inner wall of the steel pipe wall thickness measurement part, and the specific installation angle α should consider the outer diameter D of the steel pipe to be measured with the smallest diameter and the axial measurement range L of the end head;
the laser ray emitted by the single-point laser displacement sensor 1 is a laser spot when being emitted to the inner wall of the steel pipe to be detected;
the laser ray emitted by the 2D line laser displacement sensor 2 is emitted to the outer wall of the steel pipe to be detected to form an arc line;
the measuring system in the embodiment of the invention is suitable for steel pipes with the diameter of 60-180 mm, so that the range selected by the single-point laser displacement sensor 1 is 200mm, and the range selected by the 2D line laser displacement sensor 2 is 20 mm;
the steel pipe advancing following device is used for driving the laser displacement combined measuring head to follow the steel pipe to be measured to advance during measurement;
in some embodiments, the steel pipe spiral advancing driving device may adopt a pair of roller driving devices 9, and a certain deflection angle exists between a pair of rollers in the pair of roller driving devices 9 and the axial direction of the steel pipe 8 to be tested, so that the steel pipe 8 to be tested can be driven to advance in a spiral manner;
in some embodiments, the steel pipe traveling following device includes an upper wedge 3, a lower wedge 4, an upper fixing plate 5, a lower fixing plate 6, a linear sliding table 7;
the device comprises a rack 10, a linear sliding table 7, a lower fixing plate 6, an upper fixing plate 5, a single-point laser displacement sensor 1, a 2D line laser displacement sensor 2, a lower fixing plate 5, a steel pipe spiral advancing driving device, a single-point laser displacement sensor, a two-point laser displacement sensor and a two-point laser displacement sensor, wherein the linear sliding table 7 is arranged on the rack 10;
a photoelectric sensor can be arranged on the frame 10 or the linear sliding table 7 to detect whether the steel pipe 8 to be detected moves to a detection position;
preferably, the upper fixing plate 5 is provided with a workpiece hole 501, so that the steel pipe 8 to be detected can move forward after detection is finished and pass through the workpiece hole 501; then conveyed by other conveying mechanisms;
the embodiment of the invention also provides an end wall thickness measuring method based on steel pipe spiral advancing, which comprises the following steps:
when the steel pipe 8 to be measured spirally advances to a detection area at a set speed (for example, 2.5m/s), the photoelectric sensor is triggered, and the PLC controls the laser displacement combined measuring head to start measuring the wall thickness of the end head of the steel pipe 8 to be measured; meanwhile, the steel pipe advancing following device drives the laser displacement combined measuring head to perform following motion of at least one screw pitch;
the distance from the single-point laser displacement sensor 1 to the inner wall of the steel pipe 8 to be measured is t1；
The Z-axis distance data of the 2D line laser displacement sensor 2 central pixel point is t2And the minimum Z-axis distance data of the 2D line laser displacement sensor 2 is t3(caused by steel pipe runout); the Z-axis direction of the 2D line laser displacement sensor 2 is the direction of the 2D line laser displacement sensor 2 towards the single-point laser displacement sensor 1;
the distance between the single-point laser displacement sensor 1 and the 2D line laser displacement sensor 2 is T;
when the steel pipe to be measured is static, the theoretical wall thickness d can be obtained by calculation according to the formula (2);
d＝(T-t1-t2)cosα (2)
because the steel pipe 8 to be measured has vertical run-out and horizontal swing when spirally advancing, the theoretical wall thickness d obtained by directly utilizing the formula (2) is larger than the actual wall thickness value;
the Z-axis data offset h of the central pixel point of the 2D line laser displacement sensor 2; horizontal offset X of the swing; as shown in figure 3 of the drawings,
h＝(t2-t3)cosα (3)
R1＝X1+h (4)
(R1)2＝X2+(X1)2(5)
X2＝X1-d (6)
(R2)2＝(X2)2+X2(7)
X1and X2Is an intermediate parameter; the combined formulas (4) and (5) can calculate the excircle radius R of the steel pipe to be measured1And X1(ii) a The combined formulas (6) and (7) can calculate the inner circle radius R of the steel pipe to be measured2And X2；
t＝R1-R2(8)
And finally, calculating to obtain the actual wall thickness t of the steel pipe to be measured through a formula (8).
Because the steel pipe to be measured advances spirally, the full-circle coverage detection of the end of the steel pipe can be realized along with the rotation of the steel pipe to be measured, and the method effectively overcomes the measurement error caused by the vertical jump and the horizontal swing of the steel pipe under the high-speed motion of the steel pipe to be measured.
After the measurement is finished, the steel pipe 8 to be measured passes through the workpiece hole 501 of the upper fixing plate 5 and is transferred away by other conveying mechanisms.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An end wall thickness measuring system based on steel pipe spiral advancing is characterized by comprising a laser displacement combined measuring head, a steel pipe spiral advancing driving device and a steel pipe advancing following device;
the steel pipe spiral advancing driving device is used for bearing and driving the steel pipe (8) to be tested to spirally advance;
the laser displacement combined measuring head is arranged on the steel pipe advancing following device and comprises a single-point laser displacement sensor (1) and a 2D line laser displacement sensor (2);
the single-point laser displacement sensor (1) and the 2D line laser displacement sensor (2) are arranged on the same straight line in a centering way and are configured at one end of the steel pipe (8) to be measured, the single-point laser displacement sensor (1) is positioned at the upper left part of the 2D line laser displacement sensor (2), and the same straight line and the vertical direction form an inclination angle α;
the steel pipe advancing following device is used for driving the laser displacement combined measuring head to follow the steel pipe to be measured to advance during measurement.
2. The steel pipe spiral travel-based end wall thickness measuring system according to claim 1,
the steel pipe advancing following device comprises an upper wedge block (3), a lower wedge block (4), an upper fixing plate (5), a lower fixing plate (6) and a linear sliding table (7);
the device comprises a rack (10), a linear sliding table (7), a lower fixing plate (6) mounted on the linear sliding table (7), an upper fixing plate (5) fixed on one side, away from a steel pipe spiral advancing driving device, of the lower fixing plate (6), a single-point laser displacement sensor (1) mounted on the upper fixing plate (5) through an upper wedge block (3), a 2D line laser displacement sensor (2) mounted on the lower fixing plate (6) through a lower wedge block (4), and two laser displacement sensors which are mounted in a centering mode form an inclination angle α with the vertical direction.
3. The steel pipe spiral progression-based end wall thickness measurement system according to claim 2,
the upper fixing plate (5) is provided with a workpiece hole (501) for the steel pipe (8) to be detected to move forward after the detection is finished.
4. The steel pipe spiral progression-based end wall thickness measurement system according to claim 2,
and a photoelectric sensor is also arranged on the frame (10) or the linear sliding table (7).
5. The wall thickness measuring system for the end head based on the spiral advancing of the steel pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the steel pipe spiral advancing driving device adopts a double-roller driving device (9), and a counter roller in the double-roller driving device (9) and a steel pipe (8) to be detected have a deflection angle in the axial direction.
6. An end wall thickness measuring method based on steel pipe spiral advancing is suitable for the end wall thickness measuring system based on steel pipe spiral advancing according to any one of claims 1-5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the steel pipe to be detected spirally advances to a detection area at a set speed, the PLC controls the laser displacement combined measuring head to start measuring the wall thickness of the end head of the steel pipe to be detected; meanwhile, the steel pipe advancing following device drives the laser displacement combined measuring head to perform following motion of at least one screw pitch;
the distance to the inner wall of the steel pipe to be measured by the single-point laser displacement sensor is t1；
The Z-axis distance data of the central pixel point of the 2D line laser displacement sensor is t2And the minimum Z-axis distance data of the 2D line laser displacement sensor is t3(ii) a The Z-axis direction of the 2D line laser displacement sensor is the direction of the 2D line laser displacement sensor towards the single-point laser displacement sensor;
the distance between the single-point laser displacement sensor and the 2D line laser displacement sensor is T;
when the steel pipe to be measured is static, the theoretical wall thickness d is calculated by a formula (2);
d＝(T-t1-t2)cosα (2)
z-axis data offset h of a central pixel point of the 2D line laser displacement sensor; horizontal offset X of the swing;
h＝(t2-t3)cosα (3)
R1＝X1+h (4)
(R1)2＝X2+(X1)2(5)
X2＝X1-d (6)
(R2)2＝(X2)2+X2(7)
X1and X2Is an intermediate parameter; calculating by combining formulas (4) and (5) to obtain the excircle radius R of the steel pipe to be measured1And X1(ii) a Calculating by combining formulas (6) and (7) to obtain the inner circle radius R of the steel pipe to be measured2And X2；
t＝R1-R2(8)
And finally, calculating to obtain the actual wall thickness t of the steel pipe to be measured through a formula (8).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112344865A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-09 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Hemisphere harmonic oscillator wall thickness and wall thickness uniformity in-situ measurement system and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112344865A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-09 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Hemisphere harmonic oscillator wall thickness and wall thickness uniformity in-situ measurement system and method |
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