CN110905567A - Mining tray capable of prejudging magnitude of anchoring force based on surface deformation and monitoring method - Google Patents
Mining tray capable of prejudging magnitude of anchoring force based on surface deformation and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110905567A CN110905567A CN201911208003.3A CN201911208003A CN110905567A CN 110905567 A CN110905567 A CN 110905567A CN 201911208003 A CN201911208003 A CN 201911208003A CN 110905567 A CN110905567 A CN 110905567A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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Abstract
A mining tray and a monitoring method for prejudging the magnitude of anchoring force based on surface deformation are disclosed, wherein the mining tray comprises the following steps: the tray body comprises a spherical crown-shaped part and a flat plate part; the deformation identification unit comprises four strip-shaped plastic sheets adhered to the surface of the spherical crown-shaped part in a cross shape, one end of each strip-shaped plastic sheet starts from the edge of the anchor rod hole, and the other end of each strip-shaped plastic sheet extends to the edge of the spherical crown-shaped part; each strip-shaped plastic sheet consists of a green section, an orange section and a red section, the surface of each strip-shaped plastic sheet is coated with a reflective film material, and each strip-shaped plastic sheet is covered with scale units, and each scale unit consists of a plurality of rows of rectangular small plastic sheets arranged along the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet. The method comprises the following steps: calibrating the mining tray of the mining tray through a pressure tester; installing the mining tray produced in the same batch with the calibrated mining tray in the field; and (6) estimating the magnitude of the anchoring force. The tray and the method can be used for conveniently and visually pre-judging the stress condition of the corresponding anchor rod or anchor cable, and can remarkably reduce the labor intensity and monitoring cost of monitoring personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anchoring support of coal mine tunnels, and particularly relates to a mining tray capable of prejudging the magnitude of anchoring force based on surface deformation and a monitoring method.
Background
As one of rock mass deformation control technologies with the lowest economic cost, the most obvious technical benefit and the simplest operation flow, the current anchor bolt supporting technology plays an extremely important role in the fields of slope control, subway tunnels, underground mine construction and the like, and the superiority is self-evident. The anchor bolt supporting structure is generally composed of a visible part and an invisible part, the invisible part mainly comprises a rod body and an anchoring node which go deep into a rock body, and the visible part mainly comprises a tray, a nut and an exposed threaded section of an anchor bolt. Therefore, the invisible part has larger concealment, and the mechanical bearing state of the invisible part is difficult to visually observe by a field technician. The failure of the visible part is mostly the fracture of the thread section, the falling-off of the nut and the warping deformation of the tray. In the prior art, the failure of the anchor bolt supporting system is difficult to be found in advance and corresponding reinforcement measures are developed, and field engineering technicians mostly judge whether the anchor bolt supporting system is reliable and effective according to the deformation convergence condition of a roadway and the deformation distortion condition of members of the anchor bolt supporting system. In addition, the real-time analysis of the anchor rod anchoring force of the anchor rod supporting system can effectively judge the overall stability and the system bearing reliability of the current anchoring system, and if the anchoring force is too large, the anchor rod has a fracture risk or the nut has a collapse risk; if the anchoring force is too small, the pretightening force of the anchor rod does not reach a set value, and the active supporting effect cannot be achieved. It can be seen that the monitoring and inversion of the anchoring force of the anchor rod are important for stability analysis of the underground tunnel and judgment of the rock stratum activity rule.
The real-time monitoring technology and the stress state monitoring technology of the anchor rod supporting system are difficult to implement in a large range in the existing engineering technical scheme, and in a coal mine engineering roadway, the current method is to install a pressure gauge on the anchor rod supporting system at certain intervals, and then judge the stability and the bearing performance of the anchor rod supporting system by recording and analyzing the numerical value of the pressure gauge subsequently. In consideration of practical factors such as economic cost, time consumption for installation, time consumption for data acquisition and the like, it is unrealistic to install a pressure gauge for each anchor rod supporting system to monitor the anchoring force of each anchor rod supporting system, however, the traditional technical scheme has negative factors such as many monitoring blind points, poor data contrast, large coal dust influence on data acquisition and the like, and meanwhile, the pressure gauge has a certain failure rate in practical application and cannot truly reflect the real stress condition of the anchor rod body. Under the technical background of the engineering, the situation that a nut is pulled out to eject and hurt people or an anchor rod is broken and ejected to hurt people or a small-area deformation and collapse accident happens frequently in a coal mine under the condition that the anchor rod has no foreboding, so that the anchor rod supporting system cannot effectively generate a synergistic effect with other supporting systems. This can be improved if the current corresponding anchoring force can be estimated by inversion of some kind of attachment member before the anchoring system fails, and has good economic and technical feasibility.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the mining tray and the monitoring method for pre-judging the magnitude of the anchoring force based on the surface deformation, the tray can be used for conveniently and visually pre-judging the stress condition of a corresponding anchor rod or anchor cable, the mounting procedure of roadway support can be simplified, the input cost of monitoring equipment is obviously reduced, and meanwhile, the large-range contrast monitoring is conveniently realized;
the method can visually monitor the stress condition of the supporting part, and can obviously reduce the labor intensity and the monitoring cost of monitoring personnel; the pre-analysis of the advanced support pressure can be realized, the stability of the integral support of the roadway can be conveniently and accurately evaluated, the reinforcement measures can be timely adopted in emergency, and meanwhile, the safety production work of the coal mine can be effectively improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a mining tray capable of prejudging the magnitude of anchoring force based on surface deformation, which comprises a tray body and a deformation identification unit; the tray body comprises a spherical crown-shaped part positioned in the middle and a flat plate part fixedly connected to the outer side of the spherical crown-shaped part;
the deformation identification unit comprises four strip-shaped plastic sheets, the four strip-shaped plastic sheets are adhered to the surface of the spherical crown-shaped part in a cross shape, one end of each strip-shaped plastic sheet starts from the edge of the anchor rod hole, and the other end of each strip-shaped plastic sheet extends to the edge of the spherical crown-shaped part;
each strip-shaped plastic sheet has the same structure and consists of a green section positioned on the inner side, an orange section positioned in the middle and a red section positioned on the outer side, a reflective film material is coated on the surface of each strip-shaped plastic sheet, a scale unit is covered on the surface of each strip-shaped plastic sheet and consists of a plurality of rows of rectangular small plastic sheets arranged along the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet, each row of rectangular small plastic sheets are closely arranged along the width direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet, strip gaps are formed between adjacent rows of rectangular small plastic sheets along the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet, and strip color bands corresponding to the color sections are displayed in the strip gaps; all the strip-shaped color bands in the same color section form a color development grating with corresponding colors;
the rectangular small plastic sheet is made of hard elastic plate-shaped materials bent in an arc shape, the inner end of the rectangular small plastic sheet is lapped with the strip-shaped plastic sheet, the outer end of the rectangular small plastic sheet is naturally tilted, the included angle between the outer normal direction of the lapping point and the tangential direction of the surface of the spherical crown-shaped part at the point is 30-50 degrees, the rectangular small plastic sheet can cover the strip-shaped gap after receiving the external pressure to reach the maximum deformation state, and the outer surface of the rectangular small plastic sheet is gray.
Furthermore, in order to accurately correspond to the deformation condition of the mining tray, the included angle between the outer normal direction of the lap joint point of the rectangular small plastic sheet and the tangential direction of the surface of the spherical crown part at the point is 45 degrees.
Further, in order to improve the recognition effect, the width of the rectangular small plastic sheets is 3mm, the arc length of the cross section is 5mm, the corresponding central angle is 15 degrees, the number of the rectangular small plastic sheets along the width direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheets is 10-15, and the number of the rectangular small plastic sheets along the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheets is 20-30.
Further, in order to improve the identification effect, in two adjacent rectangular small plastic sheets in the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet, the distance between the tip of the former rectangular small plastic sheet on the spherical crown surface and the overlapping end of the latter rectangular small plastic sheet is 2 mm.
The mining tray can visually identify the stress of the anchoring system, so that the stress of the anchoring system does not need to be read through an anchor rod or an anchor cable pressure gauge. Compared with the invention, the reading process of the pressure gauge in the traditional proposal is difficult, in particular to the situation that the pressure gauge in the roof plate anchoring system is read and cannot be read due to the fault of the pressure gauge sometimes occurs. The invention can conveniently realize the monitoring of large-scale contrast, because the tray component is an indispensable component in an anchor rod or anchor cable support system, after the tray is adopted, each anchor rod or anchor cable support unit can be monitored in real time in the whole roadway to form a systematic roof pressure monitoring group, thereby realizing the pre-analysis of the advanced support pressure, evaluating the overall support stability of the roadway and being convenient for taking reinforcement measures in time under emergency. The invention does not need to introduce a complex monitoring device and related monitoring instruments, only sticks the strip-shaped plastic sheet on the surface of the spherical crown part of the tray, and adds the rectangular small plastic sheet on the strip-shaped plastic sheet, thereby bringing low economic cost, more obvious technical benefit and reducing the labor intensity of field operation personnel, and having good popularization and demonstration.
The invention also provides a monitoring method for prejudging the magnitude of the anchoring force based on the surface deformation, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calibrating the mining tray with the mining tray through a pressure tester in a laboratory;
placing the mining tray between an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate of a testing machine, placing a high-strength metal cylinder with the diameter larger than the inner diameter of an anchor rod hole at the top end of the mining tray, controlling the testing machine to start loading, observing the rotation amplitude of a rectangular small plastic sheet in a scale unit and the corresponding coverage range of a strip-shaped plastic sheet in real time in the loading process, recording a corresponding pressure value A in kN when a color development grating in a green section is completely covered due to the rotation of the rectangular small plastic sheet in the scale unit, and recording a corresponding pressure value B in kN when a color development grating in an orange section is completely covered due to the rotation of the rectangular small plastic sheet in the scale unit; when the color development grating of the red segment is completely covered due to the rotation of the rectangular small plastic pieces in the scale units, recording the corresponding pressure value C at the moment, wherein the unit is kN;
step two: installing the mining tray produced in the same batch with the calibrated mining tray in the field;
installing an anchor rod or anchor cable support system in a planned tunnel according to the traditional construction steps, and sequentially irradiating by a mine lamp after the installation is finished, so as to ensure that a green section, an orange section and a red section on each mine tray can clearly show strip-shaped gratings;
step three: estimating the magnitude of anchoring force;
in the using process, the mining tray deforms along with the aggravation of rock stratum deformation, the mining tray is regularly observed in the period, when the spherical part of the tray deforms, the rectangular small plastic pieces in the scale units rotate along with the tray, the originally tilted ends of the tray rotate to be in contact with the lap joint ends of the adjacent rectangular small plastic pieces and cover the strip-shaped color bands on the outer sides of the current rectangular small plastic pieces, and the color-developing gratings of the corresponding color sections can be gradually covered;
at the beginning, the mining tray is in an original state, and the vertical distance from the bottom end of the anchor rod hole to the flat plate part is a; along with the deformation of the mining tray, the mining tray enters a transition state, when the color development grating in the green section is invisible, the early warning level is class C, a reinforcing support is not needed, the observation frequency is enhanced, at the moment, the vertical distance is changed into B, when the color development grating in the orange section is invisible, the pre-tightening level is class B, the reinforcing support is prepared, the observation is carried out every other day, the condition that the anchor rod or the anchor cable is broken and ejected is prevented, at the moment, the vertical distance is changed into C, wherein a is more than B and more than C; when the color-developing grating in the red section is invisible, the mining tray is in a covering state, the early warning level is class A, reinforcement support is needed, a new anchor rod or anchor cable support system is installed in an adjacent area and the mining tray is equipped, at the moment, the vertical distance is changed into 0, namely the mining tray is completely deformed, four corners of the mining tray are warped, and the spherical crown part is flattened under the action of pressure; in the above process, each rectangular small plastic piece will go through the original state, the transition state and the covering state in turn.
Preferably, the pressure tester is an MTS pressure tester.
Preferably, the high-strength metal cylinder has an outer diameter of 40mm and a height of 40 mm.
According to the method, the stress of the corresponding anchor rod or anchor cable is intuitively and quickly judged through the change of the color displayed by the mining tray, so that the stress can be quickly identified only through the irradiation of the mining lamp on site, the process is simple and convenient, and the effect is obvious. After the mine tray is adopted in the coal mine tunnel anchoring system, an anchor rod or an anchor cable pressure gauge does not need to be installed, so that the tunnel support installation procedure is effectively simplified, the installation time is saved, and the labor load of installation personnel can be obviously reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the present invention in an unstressed, deformed condition;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion I of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the present invention in a fully deformed condition;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion III of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion IV of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention in a medium deformation condition;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion V of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention under severe deformation conditions;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion VI of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention in a fully deformed condition;
FIG. 13 is a raster pattern of the present invention shown under illumination by a miner's lamp in an undeformed condition;
FIG. 14 is a raster pattern of the present invention shown under illumination by a miner's lamp under severe deformation conditions;
fig. 15 is a raster pattern of the invention shown under illumination by a miner's lamp in a fully deformed condition.
In the figure: 1. the color-changing plate comprises a flat plate part, 2, a spherical crown part, 3, an anchor rod hole, 4, a green section, 5, an orange section, 6, a red section, 7-1, an original state rectangular small plastic sheet, 7-2, a transition state rectangular small plastic sheet, 7-3, a covering state rectangular small plastic sheet, 8, a strip-shaped plastic sheet, 9, a rectangular small plastic sheet, 10 and a strip-shaped color band.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 15, a mining tray for prejudging the magnitude of an anchoring force based on surface deformation comprises a tray body and a deformation identification unit; the tray body comprises a spherical crown-shaped part 2 positioned in the middle and a flat plate part 1 fixedly connected to the outer side of the spherical crown-shaped part 2;
the deformation identification unit comprises four strip-shaped plastic sheets 8, the four strip-shaped plastic sheets 8 are adhered to the surface of the spherical crown-shaped part 2 in a cross shape, one end of each strip-shaped plastic sheet 8 starts from the edge of the anchor rod hole 3, and the other end of each strip-shaped plastic sheet extends to the edge of the spherical crown-shaped part 2;
each strip-shaped plastic sheet 8 has the same structure and consists of a green section 4 positioned on the inner side, an orange section 5 positioned in the middle and a red section 6 positioned on the outer side, the surface of each strip-shaped plastic sheet 8 is coated with a reflective film material so as to reflect and show the green, orange and red of the strip-shaped plastic sheet under the irradiation of a miner lamp, the surface of each strip-shaped plastic sheet 8 is covered with a scale unit, the scale unit consists of a plurality of rows of rectangular small plastic sheets 9 arranged along the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet 8, each row of rectangular small plastic sheets 9 are closely arranged along the width direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet 8, strip gaps are arranged between the adjacent rows of rectangular small plastic sheets 9 along the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet 8, and the strip gaps show strip-shaped color bands 10 corresponding to the color sections; all the strip-shaped color bands 10 in the same color segment form a color development grating with corresponding colors;
the rectangular small plastic sheet 9 is made of hard elastic plate-shaped material bent in an arc shape, the inner end of the rectangular small plastic sheet is lapped with the strip-shaped plastic sheet 8, the outer end of the rectangular small plastic sheet naturally tilts, the included angle between the outer normal direction of the lapping point and the tangential direction of the surface of the spherical crown-shaped part 2 at the point is 30-50 degrees, the rectangular small plastic sheet can cover the strip-shaped gap after receiving external pressure to reach the maximum deformation state, and the outer surface of the rectangular small plastic sheet is gray.
The rectangular small plastic sheets 9 sequentially correspond to three states according to different deformation amplitudes of the matrix at the lap joint end: the corresponding original state when there is no deformation, the corresponding transition state when there is moderate deformation or severe deformation, and the corresponding covering state when there is complete deformation. As shown in fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7, fig. 8, fig. 9, fig. 10, fig. 11 and fig. 12, the rectangular small plastic pieces 7-1 in the original state show the original state of the rectangular small plastic pieces 9, the rectangular small plastic pieces 7-2 in the transition state show the transition state of the rectangular small plastic pieces 9, and the rectangular small plastic pieces 7-3 in the covered state show the covered state of the rectangular small plastic pieces 9.
In order to accurately correspond to the deformation condition of the mining tray, the included angle between the outer normal direction of the lap joint point of the rectangular small plastic sheets 9 and the tangential direction of the surface of the spherical crown-shaped part 2 at the point is 45 degrees.
In order to improve the recognition effect, the width of rectangle small plastic sheet 9 is 3mm, and the section arc length is 5mm, and corresponding central angle is 15, and rectangle small plastic sheet 9 is 10 ~ 15 along 8 width direction's of strip plastic sheet quantity, and the quantity along 8 length direction of strip plastic sheet is 20 ~ 30.
In order to improve the identification effect, in two adjacent rectangular small plastic sheets 9 along the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet 8, the distance between the point of the tip of the leading rectangular small plastic sheet 9 on the spherical crown surface and the overlapping end of the trailing rectangular small plastic sheet 9 is 2 mm. The distance between two adjacent rectangular small plastic sheets 9 along the width direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet 8 is 0 mm;
the mining tray can visually identify the stress of the anchoring system, so that the stress of the anchoring system does not need to be read through an anchor rod or an anchor cable pressure gauge. Compared with the invention, the reading process of the pressure gauge in the traditional proposal is difficult, in particular to the situation that the pressure gauge in the roof plate anchoring system is read and cannot be read due to the fault of the pressure gauge sometimes occurs. The invention can conveniently realize the monitoring of large-scale contrast, because the tray component is an indispensable component in an anchor rod or anchor cable support system, after the tray is adopted, each anchor rod or anchor cable support unit can be monitored in real time in the whole roadway to form a systematic roof pressure monitoring group, thereby realizing the pre-analysis of the advanced support pressure, evaluating the overall support stability of the roadway and being convenient for taking reinforcement measures in time under emergency. The invention does not need to introduce a complex monitoring device and related monitoring instruments, only sticks the strip-shaped plastic sheet on the surface of the spherical crown part of the tray, and adds the rectangular small plastic sheet on the strip-shaped plastic sheet, thereby bringing low economic cost, more obvious technical benefit and reducing the labor intensity of field operation personnel, and having good popularization and demonstration.
The invention also provides a monitoring method for prejudging the magnitude of the anchoring force based on the surface deformation, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calibrating the mining tray with the mining tray through a pressure tester in a laboratory;
placing the mining tray between an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate of a testing machine, then placing a high-strength metal cylinder with the diameter larger than the inner diameter of an anchor rod hole 3 at the top end of the mining tray, controlling the testing machine to start loading, observing the rotation amplitude of a rectangular small plastic sheet 9 and the corresponding covered range of a strip-shaped plastic sheet 8 in a scale unit in real time in the loading process, recording a corresponding pressure value A in kN when a color-developed grating in a green section 4 is completely covered due to the rotation of the rectangular small plastic sheet 9 in the scale unit, and recording a corresponding pressure value B in kN when a color-developed grating in an orange section 5 is completely covered due to the rotation of the rectangular small plastic sheet 9 in the scale unit; when the color development grating of the red section 6 is completely covered due to the rotation of the rectangular small plastic sheet 9 in the scale unit, recording the corresponding pressure value C at the moment, wherein the unit is kN;
step two: installing the mining tray produced in the same batch with the calibrated mining tray in the field;
installing an anchor rod or anchor cable supporting system in a roadway to be constructed according to the traditional construction steps, specifically, drilling according to the traditional construction steps, plugging in an anchoring agent, inserting the anchor rod or anchor cable, sleeving a calibrated tray, screwing in a nut, screwing in the anchor rod or anchor cable under the drive of a drilling machine, and applying a specified pretightening force. After the installation is finished, the mine lamp irradiates in sequence to ensure that the green section 4, the orange section 5 and the red section 6 on each mine tray can clearly display strip-shaped gratings;
in the above steps, before the mining pallet is installed, it is ensured that the small rectangular plastic sheets 9 lapped on the strip-shaped plastic sheets 8 are not deformed, and the green strip-shaped color band 10, the orange strip-shaped color band 10 and the red strip-shaped color band 10 between the small rectangular plastic sheets 9 can be clearly seen under the irradiation of the mining lamp, and the display state of the display area in each color segment is a strip-shaped grating.
Step three: estimating the magnitude of anchoring force;
in the using process, the mining tray deforms along with the aggravation of rock stratum deformation, the mining tray is regularly observed in the period, when the spherical part of the tray deforms, the rectangular small plastic sheets 9 in the scale units rotate along with the tray, the originally tilted ends of the tray rotate to be in contact with the lap joint ends of the adjacent rectangular small plastic sheets 9 and cover the strip-shaped color bands 10 on the outer sides of the current rectangular small plastic sheets 9, and the color-developing gratings of the corresponding color sections can be gradually covered;
at the beginning, the mining tray is in an original state, and the vertical distance from the bottom end of the anchor rod hole 3 to the flat plate part 1 is a; along with the deformation of the mining tray, the mining tray enters a transition state, when the color-developing grating in the green section 4 is invisible, the early warning level is class C, a reinforcing support is not needed, the observation frequency is enhanced, at the moment, the vertical distance is changed into B, when the color-developing grating in the orange section 5 is invisible, the pre-tightening level is class B, the reinforcing support is prepared to be adopted, the observation is carried out every other day, the condition that the anchor rod or the anchor cable is broken and ejected is prevented, at the moment, the vertical distance is changed into C, wherein a is more than B and more than C; when the color-developing grating in the red section 6 is invisible, the mining tray is in a covering state, the early warning level is class A, reinforcement support is needed, a new anchor rod or anchor cable support system is installed in an adjacent area and the mining tray is equipped, at the moment, the vertical distance is changed into 0, namely the mining tray is completely deformed, four corners of the mining tray are warped, and the spherical crown-shaped part 2 is flattened under the action of pressure; in the above process, each rectangular small plastic piece 9 will go through the original state, the transition state and the covering state in turn.
Preferably, the pressure tester is an MTS pressure tester.
Preferably, the high-strength metal cylinder has an outer diameter of 40mm and a height of 40 mm.
The stress of the corresponding anchor rod or anchor cable is intuitively and quickly pre-judged through the change of the color displayed by the mining tray, and then the mining tray can be quickly identified only through the irradiation of the mining lamp on site, so that the process is simple and convenient, and the effect is obvious. After the mine tray is adopted in the coal mine tunnel anchoring system, an anchor rod or an anchor cable pressure gauge does not need to be installed, so that the tunnel support installation procedure is effectively simplified, the installation time is saved, and the labor load of installation personnel can be obviously reduced.
Claims (7)
1. A mining tray capable of prejudging the magnitude of an anchoring force based on surface deformation comprises a tray body, wherein the tray body comprises a spherical crown-shaped part (2) located in the middle and a flat plate part (1) fixedly connected to the outer side of the spherical crown-shaped part (2);
the device is characterized by also comprising a deformation identification unit;
the deformation identification unit comprises four strip-shaped plastic sheets (8), the four strip-shaped plastic sheets (8) are adhered to the surface of the spherical crown-shaped part (2) in a cross shape, one end of each strip-shaped plastic sheet (8) starts from the edge of the anchor rod hole (3), and the other end of each strip-shaped plastic sheet extends to the edge of the spherical crown-shaped part (2);
each strip-shaped plastic sheet (8) is identical in structure and composed of a green section (4) located on the inner side, an orange section (5) located in the middle and a red section (6) located on the outer side, the surface of each strip-shaped plastic sheet (8) is coated with a reflective film material, the surface of each strip-shaped plastic sheet (8) is covered with scale units, each scale unit is composed of multiple rows of rectangular small plastic sheets (9) arranged along the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet (8), each row of rectangular small plastic sheets (9) is closely arranged along the width direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet (8), strip gaps are formed between adjacent rows of rectangular small plastic sheets (9) along the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet (8), and the strip gaps show strip-shaped color bands (10) of corresponding color sections; all the strip-shaped color bands (10) in the same color section form a color development grating with corresponding colors;
the rectangular small plastic sheet (9) is made of hard elastic plate-shaped materials bent in an arc shape, the inner end of the rectangular small plastic sheet is lapped with the strip-shaped plastic sheet (8), the outer end of the rectangular small plastic sheet is naturally tilted, an included angle between the outer normal direction of a lapping point and the tangential direction of the surface of the spherical crown-shaped part (2) at the point is 30-50 degrees, the rectangular small plastic sheet can cover the strip-shaped gap after receiving external pressure to reach the maximum deformation state, and the outer surface of the rectangular small plastic sheet is gray.
2. The mining tray for prejudging the magnitude of the anchoring force based on the surface deformation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the angle between the direction of the outer normal of the overlapping point of the rectangular plastic sheets (9) and the tangential direction of the surface of the spherical cap-shaped part (2) at the point is 45 degrees.
3. The mining tray based on surface deformation pre-judgment of the magnitude of the anchoring force is characterized in that the width of the rectangular small plastic sheets (9) is 3mm, the arc length of the cross section is 5mm, the corresponding central angle is 15 degrees, the number of the rectangular small plastic sheets (9) in the width direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheets (8) is 10-15, and the number of the rectangular small plastic sheets in the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheets (8) is 20-30.
4. The mining tray for prejudging the magnitude of the anchoring force based on the surface deformation as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, in two adjacent rectangular small plastic sheets (9) along the length direction of the strip-shaped plastic sheet (8), the distance between the point of the tilting end of the former rectangular small plastic sheet (9) on the spherical crown surface and the overlapping end of the latter rectangular small plastic sheet (9) is 2 mm.
5. A monitoring method for prejudging the magnitude of anchoring force based on surface deformation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calibrating the mining tray based on the surface deformation pre-judging anchoring force according to claim 4 through a pressure tester in a laboratory;
placing the mining tray between an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate of a testing machine, placing a high-strength metal cylinder with the diameter larger than the inner diameter of an anchor rod hole (3) at the top end of the mining tray, controlling the testing machine to start loading, observing the rotation amplitude of a rectangular small plastic sheet (9) in a scale unit and the corresponding covered range of a strip-shaped plastic sheet (8) in real time in the loading process, recording a corresponding pressure value A with the unit of kN when a color development grating in a green section (4) is completely covered due to the rotation of the rectangular small plastic sheet (9) in the scale unit, and recording a corresponding pressure value B with the unit of kN when the color development grating in an orange section (5) is completely covered due to the rotation of the rectangular small plastic sheet (9) in the scale unit; when the color development grating of the red section (6) is completely covered due to the rotation of the rectangular small plastic sheet (9) in the scale unit, recording the corresponding pressure value C at the moment, wherein the unit is kN;
step two: installing the mining tray produced in the same batch with the calibrated mining tray in the field;
installing an anchor rod or anchor cable support system in a planned roadway according to the traditional construction steps, and sequentially irradiating through mine lamps after the installation is finished, so that a green section (4), an orange section (5) and a red section (6) on each mine tray can clearly display strip-shaped gratings;
step three: estimating the magnitude of anchoring force;
in the using process, the mining tray deforms along with the aggravation of rock stratum deformation, the mining tray is regularly observed during the period, when the spherical part of the tray deforms, the rectangular small plastic sheets (9) in the scale units rotate along with the tray, the originally tilted ends of the tray rotate to be in contact with the lapping ends of the adjacent rectangular small plastic sheets (9) and cover the strip-shaped color bands (10) on the outer sides of the current rectangular small plastic sheets (9), and the color-developing gratings of the corresponding color sections can be gradually covered;
at the beginning, the mining tray is in an original state, and the vertical distance from the bottom end of the anchor rod hole (3) to the flat plate part (1) is a; along with the deformation of the mining tray, the mining tray enters a transition state, when the color-developing grating in the green section (4) is invisible, the early warning level is class C, a reinforcement support is not needed, the observation frequency is enhanced, the vertical distance is changed into B, when the color-developing grating in the orange section (5) is invisible, the pre-tightening level is class B, the reinforcement support is prepared to be adopted, the observation is carried out every other day, the condition that an anchor rod or an anchor cable is broken and ejected is prevented, the vertical distance is changed into C, and a is larger than B and larger than C; when the color development grating in the red section (6) is invisible, the mining tray is in a covering state, the early warning level is A, a reinforcement support is needed, a new anchor rod or anchor cable support system is arranged in the adjacent area and is equipped with the mining tray, at the moment, the vertical distance is changed to 0, namely the mining tray is completely deformed, the four corners of the mining tray are warped, and the spherical crown-shaped part (2) is flattened under the action of pressure; in the above process, each rectangular small plastic piece (9) will go through the original state, the transition state and the covering state in turn.
6. The method for monitoring the prediction of the magnitude of the anchoring force based on the surface deformation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pressure tester is an MTS pressure tester.
7. The method for monitoring the pre-judging of the magnitude of the anchoring force based on the surface deformation as claimed in claim 6, wherein the high-strength metal cylinder has an outer diameter of 40mm and a height of 40 mm.
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