CN110904918B - Erosion coast plane composite beach repairing method - Google Patents
Erosion coast plane composite beach repairing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110904918B CN110904918B CN201911023838.1A CN201911023838A CN110904918B CN 110904918 B CN110904918 B CN 110904918B CN 201911023838 A CN201911023838 A CN 201911023838A CN 110904918 B CN110904918 B CN 110904918B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
- E02B3/023—Removing sediments
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for repairing an erosion coast plane by a combined type beach, which comprises the following steps: dividing a shoreline into a plurality of subunits; obtaining effective break wave height H within a subunitbAnd break angle thetab(ii) a Calculating the net sand conveying rate along the bank of each subunit and the sand grain diameter of each subunit; and filling the sand and stone in each subunit according to the net sand conveying rate along the bank and the radial direction of the sand and stone particles, and conveying the downstream sand and stone to the upstream periodically. The erosion coast plane composite beach repairing method provided by the invention fully considers the different coastal net sand conveying rates of the strong erosion bank section and the weak erosion bank section, divides the whole coast into a plurality of subunits and carries out composite design, widens the range of traditional beach maintenance, is also suitable for areas with relatively serious coastal erosion, greatly promotes the improvement of the protection capability of the strong erosion coast and the improvement of the landscape effect, and achieves the purpose that the coastal net sand conveying rates are obviously reduced due to different coastal maintenance particle sizes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of beach maintenance, in particular to a method for repairing an erosion coast plane by a combined type beach.
Background
At present, one third of the coasts in China are subjected to or are suffering from coast erosion. Beach maintenance, as an ecological "soft" protection, is gradually becoming a powerful tool to prevent coastal erosion. The beach repair performed domestically is usually to maintain the stability of the maintained beach by constructing a 'static cape' manner, but the manner is only suitable for the shore section with smaller net sand transportation rate along the shore, or a large amount of 'hard' auxiliary engineering needs to be constructed, such as constructing an offshore breakwater. The construction of these hard auxiliary projects not only can seriously affect the local landscape effect, but also can change the local hydrodynamic conditions, and can have a great influence on the marine ecological environment of the nearby sea area.
The Chinese patent application with the publication number of CN109577272A discloses a sandy shoreline repairing method, which relates to the technical field of shoreline repairing and comprises the following steps: determining the sand-supplementing grain size, the average slope of the sand beach, the elevation of the beach shoulder and the sand-supplementing thickness; calculating the sand supplement amount; mend sand according to the benefit sand volume, it is difficult to avoid sandy beach argillization or the technical problem who is eroded to have alleviated current sandy shoreline and repaired, can ensure that the bank line after the restoration can form stable ecological structure, it is balanced to realize the sandy beach natural erosion and deposition, avoid sandy beach argillization or by the erosion, and mend sand operation according to required benefit sand volume, need not many times construction and repair, be favorable to the formation of natural sandy shoreline, and can improve the lasting stability of sandy shoreline, reduce the shoreline cost of maintenance. However, the patent application adopts medium coarse sand with single grain size for maintenance, and is only suitable for the weak erosion coast or the bank section with the erosion condition on the shore which is not very different. When the method is used for repairing an outward convex strong erosion coast or a complex bank section with obvious difference in coast erosion, the loss rate of sand at the whole bank section or a local erosion hot spot can not be effectively reduced, so that the waste of manpower and sand resources is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for repairing a plane combined beach eroded from a coast, which aims to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, the dynamic adjustment of the erosion severity of the coast cannot be realized by maintaining gravels with single particle size.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for repairing the eroded coast plane by the combined type beach is provided, and comprises the following steps:
dividing a shoreline into a plurality of subunits;
obtaining effective break wave height H in the subunitbAnd break angle thetab；
Calculating the net sand conveying rate along the bank of each subunit and the sand particle size of each subunit;
and filling the sand in each subunit according to the net sand conveying rate along the bank and the radial direction of the sand particles, and periodically carrying the downstream sand to the upstream.
Further, the calculation formula of the coastal net sand transporting rate of the subunit is as follows:
wherein Q is the net sand transport rate along the shore;
Hbeffective break wave height;
θbis the wave breaking angle.
Further, the calculation formula for selecting the sand particle size of the subunit is as follows:
D50＝9.45×10-7Q5/3
wherein D is50Is the median particle size of the deposit;
q is the net sand transport rate along the shore.
Further, the sub-units are divided according to the conditions of shoreline shape, trend, headlands distribution and wave shielding, and the length of the shoreline in each sub-unit is 50-500 m.
Furthermore, before the sub-units are filled with sand according to the net sand conveying rate along the bank and the radial direction of sand particles, the sub-units are combined into a plurality of maintenance units, and the number of the combined maintenance units is 2-5.
Further, the merging method of the subunits comprises the following steps: merging the sub-units with shorter lengths to the adjacent sub-units; and/or merging said sub-units with lower net sand transport rates into adjacent said sub-units with higher net sand transport rates.
Further, sand dams are built between the subunits.
Further, in the step of periodically carrying downstream sand to upstream, the sand at the position of the sand bank is carried to upstream.
The erosion coast plane composite beach repairing method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the erosion coast plane composite beach repairing method provided by the invention fully considers the different coastal net sand conveying rates of the strong erosion coast and the weak erosion coast, divides the whole coast into a plurality of subunits and carries out composite design, calculates the sand grain size and the coastal net sand conveying rate of each subunit, can reduce the coastal net sand conveying rate of the whole shore section by adopting different sediment grain sizes, widens the range of traditional beach maintenance, is also suitable for areas with relatively serious coastal erosion, greatly promotes the improvement of the protective capability of the strong erosion coast and the improvement of the landscape effect, and achieves the purposes that the coastal net sand conveying rates are all obviously reduced due to different coastal maintenance grain sizes, so that the coastal net sand conveying rates are all lower than 2000m3/a。
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for repairing a coastal plain by erosion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first schematic structural view of a method for repairing a coastal plain by erosion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a eroded coast plane composite beach repairing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-subunit; 2-blocking the sand bank.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3 together, the method for repairing the eroded coast plane composite beach according to the present invention will now be described. The method for repairing the eroded coast plane by the combined type beach comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a shoreline into a plurality of subunits 1, wherein the subunits 1 are divided according to the shape, the trend, the headlands distribution and the wave shielding condition of the shoreline, and the length of the shoreline in each subunit 1 is 50-500 m. The number of the subunits 1 is generally more than 5, for example, fig. 2 divides the complex shore segment containing the strong erosion straight coast into 7 subunits 1, and fig. 3 divides the complex shore segment containing the convex strong erosion coast into 9 subunits 1.
S2, acquiring effective wave breaking height H in the subunit 1bAnd break angle thetabWherein the effective breaking wave height HbAnd break angle thetabThe estimation can be performed by the deep water wave element through a numerical model, and can also be performed by an empirical disclosure according to the Port and channel hydrological Specification (JTS 145-2015).
S3, calculating the net sand conveying rate along the bank of each subunit 1 and the sand grain size of each subunit 1; the calculation formula of the coastal net sand transporting rate of the subunit 1 is as follows:
wherein Q is the net sand transport rate along the shore;
Hbeffective break wave height;
θbis the wave breaking angle.
The formula for selecting and calculating the sand particle size of subunit 1 is as follows:
D50＝9.45×10-7Q5/3
wherein D is50Is the median particle size of the deposit;
q is the net sand transport rate along the shore.
Alternatively, the selection of the particle size of each subunit 1 can also be directly obtained from the ashore net sand transport rate against an empirical table:
| net sand transporting rate m along bank3/a | Segmented particle size (mm) |
| 0～2000 | 0.3 |
| 2000～4000 | 1.0 |
| 4000～10000 | 5.0 |
| 10000～20000 | 25.0 |
| 20000～40000 | 50.0 |
| 40000～60000 | 100.0 |
| 60000～80000 | 150.0 |
S4, filling the sand and stone in the subunits 1 according to the net sand conveying rate along the bank and the radial direction of the sand and stone particles, and conveying the downstream sand and stone to the upstream periodically. The amount of sediment to be carried by the sand is less than 2000m per year3And because the beaches are repaired by adopting the gravels with various specifications and particle sizes and the gravels with various particle sizes are mixed, the net sand conveying rate along the bank of the whole coast is reduced to an acceptable level.
Compared with the prior art, the erosion coast plane combined beach restoration method provided by the invention fully considers different coastal net sand conveying rates of a strong erosion coast and a weak erosion coast, divides the whole coast into a plurality of subunits 1 and carries out combined design, calculates the sand grain size and the coastal net sand conveying rate of each subunit 1, and can adopt different sediment grainsThe coastal net sand conveying rate of the whole shore section is reduced, the range of traditional beach maintenance is widened, the coastal net sand conveying rate is also applicable to regions with relatively serious coastal erosion, the protection capability of the strongly-eroded coasts is greatly improved, the landscape effect is improved, the purpose that the coastal net sand conveying rate is remarkably reduced due to different coastal maintenance particle sizes is achieved, and the coastal net sand conveying rate is lower than 2000m3/a。
The sand stone can be medium fine sand, coarse sand, pebbles or gravels and the like which can realize coastal restoration. The method is characterized in that a combined beach restoration design method is adopted, medium-fine sand maintenance is adopted for the bank section with the smaller net sand conveying rate along the bank, and coarse sand, even pebbles or gravels are adopted for maintenance for the bank section with the larger net sand conveying rate along the bank.
Further, referring to fig. 1, as an embodiment of the method for repairing a flat composite beach on an erosion coast according to the present invention, before filling the sand into each subunit 1 according to the net sand conveying rate along the coast and the radial direction of the sand particles, the method further includes the following steps:
s3.1, merging the subunits 1 into a plurality of maintenance units, wherein the number of the merged maintenance units is 2-5. Before the step of S4, factors such as the form of a shoreline, landscape requirements and the like are comprehensively considered, and all subunits 1 on the whole maintenance shore section are combined, so that the types of different particle sizes required by the whole maintenance shore section are reduced. Generally, the particle size of the whole maintenance bank section is preferably controlled to be 2 to 3. At this time, the plurality of subunits 1 are combined, so that the plurality of subunits 1 can be managed together, and the maintenance cost can be reduced. In the case where the required particle sizes in the plurality of subunits 1 are not uniform, sand-replenishing particles should be selected from sand having a larger particle size required in the plurality of subunits 1 when combined. In order to reduce the mixing between different maintenance particle sizes, a sand blocking embankment is added between different maintenance particle sizes to block the sediment transportation for one year. Although the maintenance materials at the siltation part of the sand retaining dam 2 need to be transported to the upstream periodically every year, the cost of the cyclic maintenance is not high, and the transportation amount of the maintenance materials per year is less than 2000m3。
Further, referring to fig. 1, as an embodiment of the method for repairing a composite beach by eroding a coastal plane provided by the present invention, the method for combining the sub-units 1 includes: merging the subunits 1 with shorter length into the adjacent subunits 1; and/or merging subunits 1 with lower coastal net sand transport rate into adjacent subunits 1 with higher coastal net sand transport rate. Specifically, when sub-units 1 are combined, factors such as a shoreline form and landscape requirements need to be considered comprehensively, and when the sub-units 1 are combined, the sub-units 1 with shorter lengths are combined to adjacent units, so that the problem that the sub-units 1 are divided too much and are inconvenient to manage can be avoided. The sub-unit 1 with lower net sand conveying rate is combined to the adjacent sub-unit 1 with higher net sand conveying rate, so that balance can be realized in one maintenance unit, sand and stone in one maintenance unit can be subjected to material exchange, and the coastal net sand conveying rate in one maintenance unit can be ensured not to be too high.
Further, referring to fig. 1, as a specific embodiment of the erosion coast plane composite beach repairing method provided by the present invention, a sand blocking embankment 2 is established between the sub-units 1 or the maintenance units. Specifically, in order to reduce the mixing of the maintenance materials among different subunits 1 or maintenance units and increase the maintenance cost, a sand blocking embankment 2 is added among different units to block the sediment transfer for one year. Can avoid the too much stream of grit to block husky dyke low reaches, reduce the transport distance of grit. Moreover, the size of the sand-blocking embankment 2 is smaller than that of the prior art, and more and longer structures, such as a longer sand-blocking embankment 2 and an offshore breakwater, are not required to be arranged. During restoration, only a small sand blocking embankment needs to be restored between maintenance shore sections with different particle sizes, so that the influence on the local marine environment is obviously reduced, and the irreversible influence on the local hydrodynamic environment and the biological ecological environment is reduced.
Further, referring to fig. 1, as an embodiment of the erosion coast plane composite beach restoration method provided by the present invention, in the step of periodically transporting downstream sand to upstream, the sand located at the sand blocking embankment 2 is transported to upstream. Specifically, the sand and stone are blocked by the sand blocking dam 2 in the downstream transportation process, the sand blocking dam 2 can block the sediments for one year, and the circular repair of the beach can be realized by transporting the sediments at the sand blocking dam 2 to the upstream.
Wherein, the length of the sand blocking embankment 2 between different curing grain diameters influences the cycle curing period. If it is desired to transport the maintenance materials at the position where the sand-retaining dike 2 is silted up to the upstream at longer intervals, the length of the sand-retaining dike 2 between the maintenance particle sizes can be extended appropriately.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for repairing the eroded coast plane by the combined type beach is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing the shore line into a number of subunits (1);
obtaining an effective break wave height H within said subelement (1)bAnd break angle thetab；
Calculating the net sand conveying rate along the bank of each subunit (1) and the sand grain size of each subunit (1);
and filling the sand into each subunit (1) according to the net sand conveying rate along the bank and the radial direction of sand particles, and periodically carrying the downstream sand to the upstream.
2. The eroded coast flat compound beach restoration method according to claim 1 wherein: the calculation formula of the coastal net sand conveying rate of the subunit (1) is as follows:
wherein Q is the net sand transport rate along the shore;
Hbthe unit is effective wave breaking wave height: m;
θbthe unit is the wave breaking angle: degree.
3. The eroded coast flat compound beach restoration method according to claim 2 wherein: the selection calculation formula of the sand particle size of the subunit (1) is as follows:
D50＝9.45×10-7Q5/3
wherein D is50Is the median particle size of the deposit;
q is the net sand transport rate along the shore.
4. The eroded coast flat compound beach restoration method according to claim 1 wherein: the sub-units (1) are divided according to the shape of a shoreline, the trend, the headlands and the wave shielding condition, and the length of the shoreline in each sub-unit (1) is 50-500 m.
5. The eroded coast flat compound beach restoration method according to claim 1 wherein: before the sub-units (1) are filled with gravels according to the net sand conveying rate along the bank and the radial direction of the gravels, the sub-units (1) are combined into a plurality of maintenance units, and the number of the combined maintenance units is 2-5.
6. The eroded coast plane composite beach restoration method according to claim 5 wherein: the merging method of the subunits (1) comprises the following steps:
-merging the subunits (1) of shorter length to the adjacent subunits (1); and/or merging said sub-unit (1) with a lower net sand transport rate to an adjacent said sub-unit (1) with a higher net sand transport rate.
7. The method for repairing a eroded coast plane composite beach according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein: and building sand blocking dams (2) between the subunits (1).
8. The eroded coast plane composite beach restoration method according to claim 7 wherein: in the step of periodically carrying downstream sand to the upstream, the sand at the position of the sand blocking dam (2) is carried to the upstream.
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| CN111877249B (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-11-09 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Low-energy coast beach restoration design method |
| CN111967145B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-07-12 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Beach maintenance profile design method for reducing beach surface wind and sand strength |
| CN112762904B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2023-09-19 | 长沙理工大学 | Rapid measurement equipment and method for shoreline dredging evolution in beach repair test |
| CN116415932A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-07-11 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Design method of promontory bay beach sediment circulation maintenance system |
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