CN110904675A - Conductive fabric and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Conductive fabric and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110904675A CN110904675A CN201911162699.0A CN201911162699A CN110904675A CN 110904675 A CN110904675 A CN 110904675A CN 201911162699 A CN201911162699 A CN 201911162699A CN 110904675 A CN110904675 A CN 110904675A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/693—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural or synthetic rubber, or derivatives thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/10—Animal fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/34—Polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/34—Polyamides
- D06M2101/36—Aromatic polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/38—Polyurethanes
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of functional materials, and discloses a conductive fabric and a preparation method thereof. Styrene butadiene rubber is dissolved in an organic solvent to obtain an SBS solution, the clean fabric is immersed in the SBS solution for full immersion and then taken out and dried, and then the treated fabric is immersed in a silver trifluoroacetate solution and then taken out and dried; and (3) carrying out reduction treatment on the fabric after adsorbing the silver trifluoroacetate, reducing the adsorbed silver ions into simple substance silver, and finally, cleaning and drying to obtain the conductive fabric. According to the invention, the metal silver particles are anchored on the surface of the fabric fiber by coating the elastomer on the surface of the fabric fiber, so that the fabric has high conductivity. Meanwhile, the immobilized silver conductive agent mainly exists in the form of micro-nano particles, so that the reduction of fabric softness and wearing comfort caused by wrapping of a continuous metal layer on the surface of the fiber can be avoided. The preparation method is simple and efficient, is suitable for various commercialized fabric materials, and is suitable for industrial mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of functional materials, and particularly relates to a conductive fabric and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The conductive fabric has important application in the aspects of electrostatic protection, electromagnetic shielding, heating and warming, medical monitoring, intelligent wearable equipment and the like. The demand for high performance conductive fabrics requires fabrics with good air and water permeability, wearing comfort and biocompatibility, in addition to good electrical conductivity. Of course, the commercialization-oriented conductive fabric also requires that its production method be capable of mass production and that production cost be controlled within a range acceptable to the market. The conductive fabric is divided into three types according to conductive components: a conductive polymer-based conductive fabric, a carbon-based conductive fabric, and a metal-based conductive fabric. The conductive polymer-based conductive fabric is obtained by coating a conductive polymer such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and the like on the surface of fabric fibers in a manner of dipping, in-situ polymerization, spraying and the like. The preparation method of the conductive fabric is relatively simple and suitable for commercial production, and the fabric is relatively easy to realize air permeability, water permeability and good wearing comfort. However, such fabrics have low conductivity and poor durability and laundering durability. The carbon-based conductive fabric is realized by compounding conductive carbon materials such as carbon black, carbon nano tubes and graphene inside fibers or yarns by a co-spinning method or coating the conductive carbon materials on the surfaces of the fibers of the fabric in a manner of dipping coating, spraying, layer-by-layer assembly and the like. The carbon-based conductive fabric is simple to prepare, good in chemical stability, but poor in conductivity, and the carbon material coated on the surface of the fiber is easy to fall off in the using and washing processes.
The common preparation method of the metal-based conductive fabric is to coat metal or metal micro-nano materials on the surface of fabric fibers by methods such as physical deposition, chemical growth, electroplating, dip coating and the like, or disperse the micro-nano metal materials in the fiber matrix by a wet spinning method, so as to realize the conductivity of the fabric. Such conductive fabrics tend to have good electrical conductivity, but tend to lose their original softness and wearing comfort due to the rigidity of the metal itself. On the other hand, the metal layer coated on the surface of the fabric fiber is easy to fall off during use or washing, so that the conductivity of the fabric is reduced and even the fabric fails. Because of the superiority of metal-based conductive fabric in conductivity and low preparation cost, such conductive fabric is the main stream direction for the development of the current conductive fabric technology. In order to improve the binding capacity of the metal coating and the fabric fiber surface, patent CN102121194B firstly grows a PMETAC polymer brush on the fabric fiber surface by an in-situ surface polymerization method, and then grows a continuous metal coating on the fabric fiber surface by ion exchange, electroless deposition and other methods. The binding force of the metal layer and the fiber substrate is greatly improved through the riveting effect of the polymer brush, so that the repeated use stability and the water washing resistance of the conductive fabric are obviously improved. However, this method requires complex processes such as alkali solution soaking pretreatment, washing and drying, surface modification, polymer brush grafting, ion exchange, electroless deposition, etc., and has the disadvantages of cumbersome process, high cost, and low preparation efficiency. Therefore, there is a problem to realize commercialization.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of a conductive fabric. According to the method, the metal silver particles are anchored on the surface of the fabric fiber through the coating of the elastomer on the surface of the fabric fiber, so that the fabric has high conductivity. Meanwhile, the immobilized silver conductive agent mainly exists in the form of micro-nano particles, so that the reduction of fabric softness and wearing comfort caused by wrapping of a continuous metal layer on the surface of the fiber can be avoided. On the other hand, the preparation method is very simple, and the operation is very simple and efficient as long as the preparation method is subjected to the steps of fabric impregnation, drying, silver loading, reduction and washing, so that the preparation method can be used for preparing the fabric in large scale, is suitable for various commercialized fabric materials and is suitable for industrialized mass production.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a conductive fabric prepared by the above method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a conductive fabric comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) styrene butadiene rubber (SBS) is dissolved in an organic solvent to obtain SBS solution;
(2) soaking the clean fabric in SBS solution for soaking and drying;
(3) dissolving silver trifluoroacetate in an organic solvent to obtain a silver trifluoroacetate solution;
(4) soaking the fabric treated in the step (2) in the silver trifluoroacetate solution in the step (3), taking out and drying;
(5) reducing the fabric adsorbed with the silver trifluoroacetate in the step (4) to reduce the adsorbed silver ions into simple substance silver;
(6) and (5) cleaning and drying the fabric treated in the step (5) to obtain the final conductive fabric.
Preferably, the organic solvent used for dissolving SBS in the step (1) is one or a mixed solvent of two or more of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, dichloropropane, dichlorobutane, trichloromethane, trichloroethane, trichloropropane, trichlorobutane, dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the SBS solution in the step (1) is 0.1-30%.
Preferably, the fabric in step (2) includes various fabrics such as cotton cloth, linen, polyamide fabric, polyester fabric, aramid fabric, silk fabric, etc., which are woven by various manners such as weaving or knitting.
Preferably, the organic solvent used for dissolving silver trifluoroacetate in step (3) is one or a mixed solvent of two or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and ethylene glycol.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the silver trifluoroacetate solution in the step (3) is 1-30%.
Preferably, the soaking time in the step (4) is controlled to be 30 seconds to 1 hour. The specific time depends on the concentration of the SBS solution used. If the concentration of the SBS solution is low, the thickness of the SBS coating layer coated on the surface of the fabric fiber is relatively small, and the soaking time in the silver trifluoroacetate solution can be relatively short. On the contrary, if the concentration of the SBS solution is high, the thickness of the SBS coating coated on the surface of the fabric fiber is relatively large, and the soaking time in the silver trifluoroacetate solution is relatively long.
Preferably, the drying mode in the step (4) is natural airing or heat drying.
Preferably, the reduction treatment in step (5) is a treatment in which the fabric is immersed in a reduction solution, which is an aqueous or alcoholic solution containing at least one reducing agent selected from hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride and ascorbic acid. The preferable mass concentration of the reducing solution is controlled within the range of 1-50%. The soaking time is controlled to be 30 seconds to 1 hour. The specific time depends on the concentration of the SBS solution used. If the concentration of the SBS solution is low, the thickness of the SBS coating coated on the surface of the fabric fiber is relatively small, and the soaking time in the reducing solution can be short. On the contrary, if the concentration of the SBS solution is high, the thickness of the SBS coating wrapped on the surface of the fabric fiber is relatively large, and the soaking in the reducing solution needs a long time.
Preferably, the solvent used in the washing in step (6) is one or a mixed solvent of two or more of water, methanol and ethanol.
An electrically conductive fabric is prepared by the method.
The preparation method and the obtained product have the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the prior art, the preparation method has the characteristics of simpler preparation process, higher preparation efficiency and lower preparation cost. The method for preparing the conductive fabric in physical modes such as magnetron sputtering, laser sputtering, thermal deposition and the like has complex equipment and high price, and is difficult to realize large-size batch preparation. And the obtained conductive fabric has low use stability and poor water washing resistance. The process for preparing the conductive fabric by using the polymer brush and the electroless deposition (patent CN102121194B) is complex, has low preparation efficiency, needs expensive surface modifier and catalyst and is high in cost. And the obtained conductive fabric is difficult to maintain the original air and water permeability and wearing comfort of the fabric. The method of the invention does not need expensive equipment and surface modification of the fabric, the SBS which is the most common commercial elastomer material is used as the main raw material, and the price of the silver trifluoroacetate is relatively lower than that of the platinum-based catalyst and other raw materials used in the patent CN 102121194B. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the maximum time of the whole process is less than 3 hours, and the preparation method is suitable for preparing large-area conductive fabrics in batches. Therefore, the invention has low preparation cost and high production efficiency, and is suitable for industrialized mass production of conductive fabrics with low cost.
(2) According to the conductive fabric prepared by the method, SBS coats the whole fabric fiber, and meanwhile SBS has a good anchoring effect on the silver conductive agent, so that the bonding strength of the silver conductive agent and the fabric fiber can be greatly improved. On the other hand, SBS is an elastomer material, can cushion the destruction effect to the silver conductive agent that deformation brought in the fabric use, can further improve the use durability and the resistant ability to wash of electrically conductive fabric.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 to 4 are SEM images of the conductive fabrics obtained in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention, respectively.
Fig. 5 is a stress-strain graph of the conductive fabric of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the change of resistance with strain during stretching of the conductive fabric according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the change in resistance of the conductive fabric of example 1 of the present invention during repeated stretching.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the change in resistance of the conductive fabric of example 1 of the present invention during repeated washing with water.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) SBS is dissolved in dichloroethane at room temperature to 80 ℃ to obtain a uniform solution. The mass fraction of SBS is 25%.
(2) And (3) soaking the aired spandex knitted fabric in the SBS solution obtained in the step (1) until the fabric is completely soaked (in the embodiment, the soaking time is 1 min). After soaking, the cloth was taken out of the solution and then air dried at room temperature.
(3) Silver trifluoroacetate was dissolved in ethanol to give a clear solution. The mass fraction of silver trifluoroacetate was 15%.
(4) And (3) soaking the spandex elastic knitted fabric which is aired in the step (2) and is soaked in the silver trifluoroacetate solution obtained in the step (3). The soaking time is 10 min. And taking the cloth after full soaking out of the silver trifluoroacetate solution, and airing at room temperature.
(5) And mixing the hydrazine hydrate aqueous solution with ethanol to obtain a reduction solution. The mass fraction of hydrazine hydrate in the solution is 10%. And (4) soaking the cloth dried after adsorbing the silver trifluoroacetate in the step (4) in the obtained hydrazine hydrate reduction solution for 10min for reduction treatment.
(6) And (4) taking the cloth obtained in the step (5) after silver reduction out of the hydrazine hydrate solution, and then rinsing the cloth in a fresh ethanol solution. And finally airing in air at room temperature. Drying can be carried out in an oven at a lower temperature (30-80 ℃) in order to accelerate drying.
Examples 2 to 4:
examples 2-4 were carried out in a similar manner to example 1, except that example 2 used silk cloth as the base material, example 3 used cotton cloth as the base material, and example 4 used polyester cloth as the base material. The rest steps are exactly the same.
The results of the tests on the conductive fabrics obtained in examples 1 to 4 are as follows:
FIGS. 1 to 4 are SEM images of the conductive fabrics prepared in examples 1 to 4, respectively. The darker colored textile fiber surface is seen to be covered by a relatively lighter colored film. The film is SBS coating containing Ag nanometer particle. The conductivity of the conductive fabric prepared in example 1 reaches 63S/cm, and the stress-strain graph in fig. 5 shows that the maximum tensile strain is about 260% and the elastic modulus is about 4.6 MPa. The change curve of the resistance of the obtained conductive fabric in the stretching process is shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen that the conductive fabric can maintain better conductivity below 200% strain, and the linearity of the change of the resistance with the strain is better when the strain is below 50%, so that the conductive fabric is suitable for strain sensing application. The resistance change curves of the obtained electric fabric in the processes of repeated stretching and repeated washing are respectively shown in fig. 7 and fig. 8, and the fabric has good use stability and washing resistance. Meanwhile, the fabric has good air permeability, and the air resistance of the fabric is 0.6 KPa.s/m.
The fabrics used in examples 2 to 4 were inelastic fabrics, which had no stretchability, but still had good conductivity and bendability. The relevant performance parameters for examples 2-4 are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| Examples | Base cloth | Conductivity (S/cm) | Air resistance (KPa s/m) | Strain at break (%) |
| 2 | Silk cloth | 13 | 0.8 | 32 |
| 3 | Cotton cloth | 32 | 0.9 | 20 |
| 4 | |
25 | 1.1 | 19 |
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the conductive fabric is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps of:
(1) styrene butadiene rubber is dissolved in an organic solvent to obtain SBS solution;
(2) soaking the clean fabric in SBS solution for soaking and drying;
(3) dissolving silver trifluoroacetate in an organic solvent to obtain a silver trifluoroacetate solution;
(4) soaking the fabric treated in the step (2) in the silver trifluoroacetate solution in the step (3), taking out and drying;
(5) reducing the fabric adsorbed with the silver trifluoroacetate in the step (4) to reduce the adsorbed silver ions into simple substance silver;
(6) and (5) cleaning and drying the fabric treated in the step (5) to obtain the final conductive fabric.
2. The method for preparing a conductive fabric according to claim 1, wherein: the organic solvent used for dissolving SBS in the step (1) is one or more of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, dichloropropane, dichlorobutane, trichloromethane, trichloroethane, trichloropropane, trichlorobutane, dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.
3. The method for preparing a conductive fabric according to claim 1, wherein: the SBS solution in the step (1) is 0.1-30% in mass percentage.
4. The method for preparing a conductive fabric according to claim 1, wherein: the fabric in the step (2) comprises cotton cloth, linen, polyamide fabric, spandex fabric, polyester fabric, aramid fabric or silk fabric which is woven in a tatting or knitting mode.
5. The method for preparing a conductive fabric according to claim 1, wherein: the organic solvent used for dissolving the silver trifluoroacetate in the step (3) is one or a mixed solvent of more than two of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and glycol; the mass fraction of the silver trifluoroacetate solution is 1-30%.
6. The method for preparing a conductive fabric according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) controlling the soaking time to be 30 seconds to 1 hour.
7. The method for preparing a conductive fabric according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) drying in a natural airing or heating drying mode.
8. The method for preparing a conductive fabric according to claim 1, wherein: the reduction treatment in the step (5) is to soak the fabric in a reduction solution for treatment, wherein the reduction solution is an aqueous solution or an alcoholic solution containing at least one reducing agent of hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride and ascorbic acid; the mass concentration of the reducing solution is controlled within the range of 1-50%; the soaking time is controlled to be 30 seconds to 1 hour.
9. The method for preparing a conductive fabric according to claim 1, wherein: the solvent used in the cleaning in the step (6) is one or a mixed solvent of more than two of water, methanol and ethanol.
10. An electrically conductive fabric, characterized by: prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113737512A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-03 | 武汉纺织大学 | Method for preparing elastic conductive fiber by microfluid coating technology and elastic conductive fiber |
| CN114302984A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-04-08 | 香港理工大学 | Stretchable conductive yarn and method of making same |
| CN114645459A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-21 | 武汉工程大学 | Stretchable conductive antibacterial modified polyamide and preparation method thereof |
| CN114808456A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-29 | 武汉工程大学 | Stretchable polyamide with electric heating performance as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| TWI818871B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-10-11 | 南臺學校財團法人南臺科技大學 | Method of preparing flexible conductive fibers and flexible conductive fibers |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114302984A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-04-08 | 香港理工大学 | Stretchable conductive yarn and method of making same |
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| CN113737512B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-08-08 | 武汉纺织大学 | Method for preparing elastic conductive fiber by micro-fluid coating technology and elastic conductive fiber |
| CN114645459A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-21 | 武汉工程大学 | Stretchable conductive antibacterial modified polyamide and preparation method thereof |
| CN114808456A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-29 | 武汉工程大学 | Stretchable polyamide with electric heating performance as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| TWI818871B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-10-11 | 南臺學校財團法人南臺科技大學 | Method of preparing flexible conductive fibers and flexible conductive fibers |
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