CN110902847B - Production process of carbon fiber ecological grass - Google Patents
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- CN110902847B CN110902847B CN201911362995.5A CN201911362995A CN110902847B CN 110902847 B CN110902847 B CN 110902847B CN 201911362995 A CN201911362995 A CN 201911362995A CN 110902847 B CN110902847 B CN 110902847B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a production process of carbon fiber ecological grass, which comprises the following steps: the carbon fiber tows are coiled and pass through a first godet roller and an expansion groove, so that the diameter of the original carbon fiber is 1.1-1.5 times of that of the expanded carbon fiber, the carbon fiber is crosslinked on a second godet roller, then the carbon fiber is cut into sections of 20-100cm, the sections are further dried and solidified in the environment with the room temperature lower than 45 ℃, and finally, 5000 carbon fiber yarns of 4000-plus materials are made into a bundle of carbon fiber ecological grass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a production process of carbon fiber ecological grass.
Background
Water is an important resource for people to live and develop socially, and due to the development of social economy and the increase of human activities, a large amount of industrial sewage and domestic sewage are generated, and the problem of water environment pollution is increasingly prominent.
In recent years, many researchers have conducted intensive research on the treatment technology of sewage-polluted surface water and achieved good effects. The common technical schemes are water aeration, microbial agent feeding, aquatic plant cultivation, biomembrane method and even water filtration and the like. The technologies have different defects in the aspect of water quality improvement of the water body.
The carbon fiber grass has high biological affinity, can absorb, adsorb and intercept dissolved and suspended pollutants in water, provides good conditions for the growth and propagation of various microorganisms, algae and microorganisms, easily generates an active biological membrane with strong purification capacity on the surface, is beneficial to quickly decomposing and converting organic matters in river water, reduces biochemical reaction and eliminates black and odorous phenomena, and sound wave emitted by the carbon fiber grass after being irradiated by sunlight can excite the activity of the microorganisms to attract aquatic animals to form an algae field for spawning, growing and propagating, and is beneficial to constructing a benthic ecological environment system of a river channel; the device simple structure, convenient to use effectively reduces the turbidity and the organic pollutant content of river course rivers, promotes water purification ability.
At present, domestic scholars often load other functional substances on carbon fibers. For example, the Chinese patent publication No. CN105749893A combines a powder sintering method and a coupling method, finished product nanometer TiO2 powder is placed in an epoxy resin/acetone solution, a small amount of doped ion Fe3+ and an ultraviolet absorbent UV-P are added at the same time, and after the mixture is uniformly stirred, a carrier, namely the modified activated carbon fiber is fully soaked and dried to obtain the modified activated carbon fiber with the surface loaded with nanometer titanium dioxide, so that the modified activated carbon fiber is not only favorable for the rapid adsorption and catalytic decomposition of pollutants, but also solves the problems that the conventional activated carbon needs to be regenerated after being adsorbed and saturated and is easy to cause secondary pollution. However, the carbon fiber is subjected to 560 ℃ high-temperature treatment in the manufacturing step, and the fragile carbon fiber is easy to break after treatment, and is not suitable for being made into artificial aquatic weeds to be thrown into water bodies for application in the later period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention prepares the carbon fiber ecological grass, successfully loads the photocatalyst and the activated particles to the carbon fibers in a cross-linking mode, increases the surface area of the carbon fibers, improves the activation energy of the surface of the carbon fibers, and promotes the durability and the corrosion resistance of the prepared finished product to be greatly improved.
The production process of the carbon fiber ecological grass is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing a soaking liquid or a spraying liquid: strong acid, solvent, dopant, cross-linking agent and initiator, wherein the strong acid is one or more of protonic acid and Lewis acid;
step 2, uncoiling a carbon fiber tow disc to pass through at least three godet rollers, arranging an expansion groove between a first godet roller and a second godet roller, wherein the diameter of the original carbon fiber is 1.1-1.5 times of that of the expanded carbon fiber, heating devices are arranged on the second godet roller and the third godet roller, an infiltration groove filled with an infiltration liquid or upper and lower spray pipes capable of spraying the spraying liquid up and down are arranged below the second godet roller, the infiltration groove is used for infiltration of the carbon fiber tow, and the upper and lower spray pipes are used for spraying the carbon fiber tow;
the wettability of the carbon fiber yarn is greatly improved through the expanded carbon fiber yarn, so that the wetting liquid or the spraying liquid can easily enter the carbon fiber yarn, and the carbon fiber yarn is not easy to distort and knot in subsequent use.
3, arranging a clamping and cutting mechanism behind the last godet roller, cutting the carbon fiber into each section of 20-100cm, and cutting into a length suitable for being made into carbon fiber grass at a later stage;
step 4, drying and curing at the room temperature of lower than 45 ℃;
and 5, preparing 4000-5000 carbon fiber wires into a bundle of carbon fiber ecological grass, wherein the prepared carbon fiber grass can be obtained by fixing the middle of the carbon fiber wires by using a fixed object by adopting a known method, for example, one end of the carbon fiber grass is fixed on a light circular plate, and then, the single bundle of carbon fiber grass is made into strings and is thrown into a water body for use.
Furthermore, in the step 1, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 10-25 parts of strong acid, 18-30 parts of solvent, 3-10 parts of dopant, 1-4 parts of cross-linking agent and 1-4 parts of initiator.
Further, the dopant in the step 1 is a mixture of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, iron oxide and silicon dioxide, wherein the particle size of the dopant is 0.005-50 μm.
Further, in the step 1, the protonic acid is one or more of sulfuric acid, nitric acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and the lewis acid is zinc chloride and aluminum chloride.
Further, the solvent in step 1 is at least two of N-methyl pyrrolidone, hexamethyl ammonium phosphate, acetone, water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropanol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
Further, in the step 1, the cross-linking agent is adipic anhydride and epichlorohydrin, and the initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide or tert-butyl peroxybenzoate.
Further, the carbon fiber tows in the step 2 are polyacrylonitrile copolymer fibers, and the diameter of the polyacrylonitrile copolymer fibers is 30-60 microns.
Further, in the step 3, the temperature of the second guide roller is 150-250 ℃, and the temperature of the third guide roller is 100-150 ℃.
Furthermore, an ultrasonic device is arranged in the infiltration tank, and the working frequency of ultrasonic waves is 20KHZ to 30 MHZ.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention greatly improves the wetting property of the fiber yarns by using the expanded fiber yarns, so that the wetting liquid or the spraying liquid can easily enter the carbon fiber yarns, and the carbon fiber yarns are not easy to twist and knot in subsequent use, thereby increasing the dispersibility of the carbon fiber grass in water, improving the surface biomembrane attachment amount of the carbon fiber grass and enhancing the water treatment capacity of the carbon fiber grass.
2. The invention uses the solution system of strong acid, solvent, adulterant, cross-linking agent and initiating agent, uses heating guide roller and makes them implement ultrasonic environment, so that the carbon fibre wire and the substance in the solution can produce cross-linking reaction, and some functional substances can be embedded in the surface and interior of the carbon fibre wire, the mechanical property of the product can be raised by aluminium oxide and magnesium oxide, at the same time its oxidation resistance can be raised, and the trivalent iron ions, titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide can be used as photocatalyst, so that the adsorption and catalytic decomposition capacity of the carbon fibre wire can be greatly raised, and the cross-linking can be passed through, the three-dimensional structure of the carbon fibre wire is more obvious, and the functional particles can not be easily separated out or fallen off from the carbon fibre wire in the later period, so that its surface area is obviously raised, and the chemical property of carbon fibre surface can be raised, and its corrosion resistance can be raised, and its service life can be prolonged.
3. The guide roller circuit is arranged in an ultrasonic environment system in a matched and cross-linked mode, so that the process design is simple and reasonable, the processing efficiency is high, and the production cost is low.
4. The production temperature of the invention is not more than 250 ℃, the energy consumption is low, the breaking strength of the carbon fiber wire is not influenced, the breaking strength of the carbon fiber wire after cross-linking and low-temperature cooling is improved, the wire is not broken in the later period, and the carbon fiber wire can be recycled.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
preparing an immersion liquid: 18 parts of 1.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution, 2 parts of 1.0mol/L zinc chloride solution, 10 parts of dimethylformamide, 10 parts of deionized water, 0.5 part of aluminum oxide, 0.5 part of magnesium oxide, 1 part of titanium dioxide, 0.5 part of ferric oxide, 1 part of silicon dioxide, 1 part of adipic anhydride and 1 part of dibenzoyl peroxide, wherein the particle size of the inorganic oxide is 0.005-50 mu m;
expanding carbon fiber yarns: taking carbon fiber tows with the diameter of 45 mu m as polyacrylonitrile copolymer fibers, unwinding the carbon fiber tows by a disc, passing the carbon fiber tows through a first godet roller, passing the carbon fiber tows through an expansion groove, and expanding the carbon fiber tows to have the diameter of 35 mu m;
and (3) carbon fiber yarn crosslinking reaction: passing through a second godet roller, wherein the surface temperature of the godet roller is 200 ℃, an infiltration groove filled with an infiltration liquid is arranged below the second godet roller, the infiltration groove is used for infiltrating carbon fiber tows, and the ultrasonic frequency on the infiltration groove is 20 MHZ;
cutting carbon fiber yarns: setting a clamping and cutting mechanism after the surface temperature of the third godet roller is 100 ℃, and cutting the carbon fiber yarns into sections of 20-100 cm;
drying the carbon fiber filaments: cooling, drying and solidifying in normal temperature environment;
preparing carbon fiber grass: 4000-5000 carbon fiber wires are made into a bundle of carbon fiber ecological grass, the carbon fiber ecological grass is obtained by fixing the middle of the carbon fiber wires by a fixture, and 5 bundles of carbon fiber grass are bound by a nylon rope to form a string.
Example 2:
preparing an immersion liquid: 20 parts of 1.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution, 3 parts of 1.0mol/L zinc chloride solution, 2 parts of 1.0mol/L aluminum chloride solution, 15 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide, 10 parts of deionized water, 1 part of aluminum oxide, 1 part of magnesium oxide, 1 part of titanium dioxide, 2 parts of ferric oxide, 1 part of silicon dioxide, 1 part of adipic anhydride and 2 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide, wherein the particle size of the inorganic oxide is 0.005-50 mu m;
expanding carbon fiber yarns: taking carbon fiber tows with the diameter of 60 mu m as polyacrylonitrile copolymer fibers, unwinding the carbon fiber tows by a disc, passing the carbon fiber tows through a first godet roller, passing the carbon fiber tows through an expansion groove, and expanding the carbon fiber tows to have the diameter of 35 mu m;
and (3) carbon fiber yarn crosslinking reaction: passing through a second godet roller, wherein the surface temperature of the godet roller is 200 ℃, an infiltration groove filled with an infiltration liquid is arranged below the second godet roller, the infiltration groove is used for infiltrating carbon fiber tows, and the ultrasonic frequency on the infiltration groove is 20 MHZ;
cutting carbon fiber yarns: setting a clamping and cutting mechanism after the surface temperature of the third godet roller is 100 ℃, and cutting the carbon fiber yarns into sections of 20-100 cm;
drying the carbon fiber filaments: cooling, drying and solidifying in normal temperature environment;
preparing carbon fiber grass: 4000-5000 carbon fiber wires are made into a bundle of carbon fiber ecological grass, the carbon fiber ecological grass is obtained by fixing the middle of the carbon fiber wires by a fixture, and 5 bundles of carbon fiber grass are bound by a nylon rope to form a string.
Example 3:
preparing an immersion liquid: 10 parts of 1.0mol/L nitric acid solution, 3 parts of 1.0mol/L zinc chloride solution, 2 parts of 1.0mol/L aluminum chloride solution, 25 parts of dimethylformamide, 10 parts of deionized water, 0.5 part of aluminum oxide, 0.5 part of magnesium oxide, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 2 parts of ferric oxide, 1 part of silicon dioxide, 2 parts of adipic anhydride and 2 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide, wherein the particle size of the inorganic oxide is 0.005-50 mu m;
expanding carbon fiber yarns: taking carbon fiber tows with the diameter of 60 mu m as polyacrylonitrile copolymer fibers, unwinding the carbon fiber tows by a disc, passing the carbon fiber tows through a first godet roller, passing the carbon fiber tows through an expansion groove, and expanding the carbon fiber tows to have the diameter of 35 mu m;
and (3) carbon fiber yarn crosslinking reaction: passing through a second godet roller, wherein the surface temperature of the godet roller is 200 ℃, an infiltration groove filled with an infiltration liquid is arranged below the second godet roller, the infiltration groove is used for infiltrating carbon fiber tows, and the ultrasonic frequency on the infiltration groove is 20 MHZ;
cutting carbon fiber yarns: setting a clamping and cutting mechanism after the surface temperature of the third godet roller is 100 ℃, and cutting the carbon fiber yarns into sections of 20-100 cm;
drying the carbon fiber filaments: cooling, drying and solidifying in normal temperature environment;
preparing carbon fiber grass: 4000-5000 carbon fiber wires are made into a bundle of carbon fiber ecological grass, the carbon fiber ecological grass is obtained by fixing the middle of the carbon fiber wires by a fixture, and 5 bundles of carbon fiber grass are bound by a nylon rope to form a string.
Example 4:
preparing an immersion liquid: 8 parts of 0.5mol/L trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, 1 part of 1.0mol/L zinc chloride solution, 1 part of 1.0mol/L aluminum chloride solution, 30 parts of dimethylformamide, 10 parts of deionized water, 1 part of aluminum oxide, 1 part of magnesium oxide, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 2 parts of iron oxide, 1 part of silicon dioxide, 2 parts of adipic anhydride and 3 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide. Wherein the particle size of the inorganic oxide is 0.005-50 μm;
expanding carbon fiber yarns: taking carbon fiber tows with the diameter of 60 mu m as polyacrylonitrile copolymer fibers, unwinding the carbon fiber tows by a disc, passing the carbon fiber tows through a first godet roller, passing the carbon fiber tows through an expansion groove, and expanding the carbon fiber tows to have the diameter of 35 mu m;
and (3) carbon fiber yarn crosslinking reaction: passing through a second godet roller, wherein the surface temperature of the godet roller is 200 ℃, an infiltration groove filled with an infiltration liquid is arranged below the second godet roller, the infiltration groove is used for infiltrating carbon fiber tows, and the ultrasonic frequency on the infiltration groove is 20 MHZ;
cutting carbon fiber yarns: setting a clamping and cutting mechanism after the surface temperature of the third godet roller is 100 ℃, and cutting the carbon fiber yarns into sections of 20-100 cm;
drying the carbon fiber filaments: cooling, drying and solidifying in normal temperature environment;
preparing carbon fiber grass: 4000-5000 carbon fiber wires are made into a bundle of carbon fiber ecological grass, the carbon fiber ecological grass is obtained by fixing the middle of the carbon fiber wires by a fixture, and 5 bundles of carbon fiber grass are bound by a nylon rope to form a string.
Example 5:
preparing a spraying liquid: 8 parts of 0.5mol/L trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, 1 part of 1.0mol/L zinc chloride solution, 1 part of 1.0mol/L aluminum chloride solution, 30 parts of dimethylformamide, 10 parts of deionized water, 1 part of aluminum oxide, 1 part of magnesium oxide, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 2 parts of iron oxide, 1 part of silicon dioxide, 2 parts of adipic anhydride and 3 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide. Wherein the particle size of the inorganic oxide is 0.005-50 μm;
expanding carbon fiber yarns: taking carbon fiber tows with the diameter of 60 mu m as polyacrylonitrile copolymer fibers, unwinding the carbon fiber tows by a disc, passing the carbon fiber tows through a first godet roller, passing the carbon fiber tows through an expansion groove, and expanding the carbon fiber tows to have the diameter of 35 mu m;
and (3) carbon fiber yarn crosslinking reaction: passing through a second godet roller, wherein the surface temperature of the godet roller is 250 ℃, and upper and lower spray pipes for spraying a spraying liquid can be sprayed up and down on the second godet roller, and the upper and lower spray pipes are used for spraying carbon fiber tows;
cutting carbon fiber yarns: setting a clamping and cutting mechanism after the surface temperature of the third godet roller is 100 ℃, and cutting the carbon fiber yarns into sections of 20-100 cm;
drying the carbon fiber filaments: cooling, drying and solidifying in normal temperature environment;
preparing carbon fiber grass: 4000-5000 carbon fiber wires are made into a bundle of carbon fiber ecological grass, the carbon fiber ecological grass is obtained by fixing the middle of the carbon fiber wires by a fixture, and 5 bundles of carbon fiber grass are bound by a nylon rope to form a string.
4k carbon fiber grass of Zhejiang Hainin company is purchased in the market as a comparative example, and according to the national standard, a single fiber yarn is taken to be tested, and the structure is shown in the following table.
Table 1 mechanical property data of the carbon fiber yarns obtained in the inventive examples and comparative examples.
| Sample (I) | Specific surface area (m2/g) | Adsorption Capacity (g/g) | Flexural Strength (mpa) |
| Example 1 | 1290 | 53 | 1345 |
| Example 2 | 1351 | 56 | 1368 |
| Example 3 | 1612 | 68 | 1371 |
| Example 4 | 1709 | 65 | 1425 |
| Example 5 | 1421 | 60 | 1436 |
| Comparative example | 1108 | 45 | 1200 |
Experimental data show that the mechanical property of the carbon fiber filament prepared by the generation process is obviously improved, and the combination effect of the carbon fiber filament and the modified solution is good.
The present invention is described in detail in order to make those skilled in the art understand the content and practice the invention, and the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The production process of the carbon fiber ecological grass is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing a soaking liquid or a spraying liquid: strong acid, solvent, dopant, cross-linking agent and initiator, wherein the strong acid is one or more of protonic acid and Lewis acid;
step 2, uncoiling a carbon fiber tow disc to pass through at least three godet rollers, arranging an expansion groove between a first godet roller and a second godet roller, wherein the diameter of the original carbon fiber is 1.1-1.5 times of that of the expanded carbon fiber, heating devices are arranged on the second godet roller and the third godet roller, an infiltration groove filled with an infiltration liquid or upper and lower spray pipes capable of spraying the spraying liquid up and down are arranged below the second godet roller, the infiltration groove is used for infiltration of the carbon fiber tow, and the upper and lower spray pipes are used for spraying the carbon fiber tow;
step 3, arranging a clamping and cutting mechanism behind the last godet roller, and cutting the carbon fiber yarns into sections of 20-100 cm;
step 4, drying and curing at the room temperature of lower than 45 ℃;
step 5, preparing 4000-;
in the step 1, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 10-25 parts of strong acid, 18-30 parts of solvent, 3-10 parts of dopant, 1-4 parts of cross-linking agent and 1-4 parts of initiator;
the adulterant in the step 1 is a mixture of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, ferric oxide and silicon dioxide, wherein the grain diameter of the adulterant is 0.005-50 mu m.
2. The carbon fiber ecological grass production process according to claim 1, wherein the protonic acid in step 1 is one or more of sulfuric acid, nitric acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and the Lewis acid is zinc chloride and aluminum chloride.
3. The carbon fiber ecological grass production process according to claim 1, wherein the solvent in step 1 is at least two of N-methyl pyrrolidone, hexamethyl ammonium phosphate, acetone, water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropanol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
4. The carbon fiber ecological grass production process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the cross-linking agent is adipic anhydride and epichlorohydrin, and the initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide or tert-butyl peroxybenzoate.
5. The carbon fiber ecological grass production process according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fibers in step 2
The fiber bundle is polyacrylonitrile copolymer fiber with diameter of 30-60 μm.
6. The carbon fiber ecological grass production process according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the temperature of the second guide roll is 150 ℃ to 250 ℃, and the temperature of the third guide roll is 100 ℃ to 150 ℃.
7. The production process of the carbon fiber ecological grass as claimed in claim 1, wherein an ultrasonic device is arranged in the infiltration tank, and the working frequency of ultrasonic waves is 20KHZ to 30 MHZ.
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