CN110902694A - Urea pyrolysis system and ammonia preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Urea pyrolysis system and ammonia preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110902694A CN110902694A CN201911242455.3A CN201911242455A CN110902694A CN 110902694 A CN110902694 A CN 110902694A CN 201911242455 A CN201911242455 A CN 201911242455A CN 110902694 A CN110902694 A CN 110902694A
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- urea
- flue
- pyrolysis system
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- boiler
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001321 HNCO Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen oxide(NO) Natural products O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPBAJDRXASKAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;urea Chemical compound N.NC(N)=O PPBAJDRXASKAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/08—Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances
- C01C1/086—Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances from urea
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a urea pyrolysis system and an ammonia preparation method thereof, wherein the urea pyrolysis system comprises the following steps: the system comprises a boiler hearth, a bypass flue, a smoke exhaust pipeline, a urea solution feeder and an SCR reactor, wherein one end of the bypass flue is connected to the upper end of the boiler hearth, one end of the smoke exhaust pipeline is communicated to the lower end of the boiler hearth, and the bypass flue and the smoke exhaust pipeline are communicated to the SCR reactor; the urea pyrolysis system is provided with a mixer, the mixer is connected to the smoke exhaust pipeline, the mixer is provided with a smoke inlet end connected to the smoke exhaust pipeline, a mixed ammonia gas outlet end communicated with the SCR reactor and a bypass inlet end, and the bypass inlet end is communicated with the other end of the bypass flue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a urea pyrolysis system and an ammonia preparation method thereof, in particular to a novel process method for directly spraying urea solution into high-temperature flue gas for pyrolysis.
Background
With the increasing national requirements for environmental protection, Nitrogen Oxide (NO)X) Become intoThe key point of the thermal power plant is to control the gaseous pollutants after dust removal and desulfurization. The selective catalytic reduction method (SCR, also called SCR reactor) has become the mainstream technology for denitration in thermal power plants at home and abroad due to its advantages of high removal rate and mature technology. At present, liquid ammonia or urea is generally used as a reducing agent for the SCR flue gas denitration process of the coal-fired power plant. At present, the ammonia preparation process from urea is developed for overcoming the safety problem of liquid ammonia used for denitration of flue gas of coal-fired power plants in domestic application conditions, and the maximum advantage is high safety. Urea is an ideal source of ammonia, a stable, non-toxic solid material that can be transported in bulk and stored for long periods of time. It does not require special procedures in transportation and storage, and its use does not adversely affect personnel and surrounding residential areas. The principle of the process for preparing ammonia from urea is that urea aqueous solution undergoes hydrolysis reaction at a certain temperature, and the generated gas contains carbon dioxide, water vapor and ammonia gas. The chemical reaction formula is as follows:
NH2-CO-NH2+H2O→2NH3↑+CO2↑
the urea ammonia production system consists of a urea particle storage and dissolution system, a urea solution storage and delivery system and a urea decomposition system. According to different processes of preparing ammonia from urea, the method is divided into a pyrolysis technology and a hydrolysis technology. The main equipment of a typical urea pyrolysis ammonia production system comprises a urea dissolving tank, a urea dissolving pump, a urea solution storage tank, a liquid supply pump, a metering and distributing device, a back pressure control valve, an insulated decomposition chamber (containing an injector), a control device and the like. Conveying the urea particles stored in the storage bin to a dissolving tank by a screw feeder, dissolving the urea particles into a urea solution with the mass fraction of about 50% by using deionized water, and conveying the urea solution to a storage tank by a feeding pump; then the urea solution enters a high-temperature decomposition chamber (a pyrolysis furnace) through a feeding pump, a metering and distributing device, an atomizing nozzle and the like, and is decomposed at 350-650 ℃ to generate NH3、H2O and CO2And the decomposition products enter the SCR reactor system through an ammonia injection system.
In the process, firstly, a dilution air heater arranged in a boiler hearth or outside the hearth needs to be adopted, secondly, a pyrolysis furnace special for urea pyrolysis needs to be arranged, and thirdly, the mixing effect of ammonia generated by the pyrolysis furnace and flue gas after entering a flue is poor.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a new urea pyrolysis system and a method for producing ammonia to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a urea pyrolysis system with easy design change and high efficiency and an ammonia preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a urea pyrolysis system, comprising: the system comprises a boiler hearth, a bypass flue, a smoke exhaust pipeline, a urea solution feeder and an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) reactor, wherein the boiler hearth is provided with a boiler horizontal flue steering chamber and a boiler economizer outlet; the urea solution feeder is provided with a urea storage tank, a spray pipe connected to the urea storage tank and a feeder communicated with the spray pipe, the spray pipe is communicated into the bypass flue, the feeder sprays urea in the urea storage tank into the bypass flue, the urea pyrolysis system is provided with a mixer communicated to the smoke exhaust pipeline, the mixer is provided with a smoke inlet end connected to the smoke exhaust pipeline, a mixed ammonia outlet end communicated with the SCR reactor and a bypass inlet end, and the bypass inlet end is communicated with the other end of the bypass flue.
The further improvement scheme comprises: the mixer has a plurality of guide vanes and the guide vanes are positioned between the bypass inlet end and the mixed ammonia outlet end.
The further improvement scheme comprises: the guide sheet is arranged in a non-plane manner.
The further improvement scheme comprises: the bypass flue is provided with a high-temperature dilution fan.
The further improvement scheme comprises: the boiler furnace is provided with an economizer, the horizontal flue steering chamber of the boiler is positioned at the upper end of the economizer, and the outlet of the economizer of the boiler is positioned at the lower end of the economizer.
The further improvement scheme comprises: the urea pyrolysis system is provided with a washing water feeder communicated with the spray pipe.
The further improvement scheme comprises: the urea pyrolysis system is provided with a purge gas pipe communicated with the spray pipe.
The further improvement scheme comprises: the urea storage tank stores 50% urea solution.
The further improvement scheme comprises: the feeder sprays urea in the urea storage tank into the bypass flue to be pyrolyzed to generate ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas generated in the bypass flue enters the bypass inlet end of the mixer, is mixed with flue gas in the flue gas inlet end and then enters the SCR reactor from the mixed ammonia gas outlet end.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical scheme can also be adopted: a method for preparing ammonia by a urea pyrolysis system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: forming a urea pyrolysis system of claim 1;
secondly, guiding flue gas into a chamber from a horizontal boiler flue of a boiler hearth to enter a bypass flue as a heat source;
thirdly, the feeder sprays the urea in the urea storage tank into the bypass flue, and ammonia gas is generated after pyrolysis;
fourthly, the smoke of the smoke exhaust pipeline flows in from a smoke inlet end, the ammonia gas flows in from a bypass inlet end, and the ammonia gas and the smoke gas are mixed in a mixer and then flow into the SCR reactor from a mixed ammonia gas outlet end.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: on the basis of an original system of a coal-fired unit, hot air with the temperature meeting the pyrolysis requirement of a urea solution is led out from a boiler hearth and enters a bypass flue to serve as a heat source for pyrolysis of the urea solution, the urea solution can be pyrolyzed in the bypass flue to prepare ammonia gas, and the obtained ammonia gas and flue gas are mixed and then enter a smoke exhaust pipeline again, so that the reaction of an SCR reactor is facilitated. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the process of preparing the urea solution to generate the ammonia gas is realized, the ammonia gas is prepared at low cost under the condition that a heater and a pyrolysis furnace are omitted, the flue gas from the smoke exhaust pipeline and the ammonia gas from the bypass flue are mixed in the mixer, the ammonia gas and the flue gas are fully mixed, the occurrence of ammonia escape events is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a urea pyrolysis system and a process for producing ammonia in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mixer of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a front view of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a urea pyrolysis system and an ammonia production method thereof are disclosed, the urea pyrolysis system includes a boiler furnace 1, a bypass flue 2, a smoke exhaust pipe 3, a urea solution supplier 4, an SCR reactor 5, a mixer 6, a high temperature dilution fan 7 disposed in the bypass flue 2, and an air preheater and a dust remover which are communicated from the rear end of the SCR reactor through a flue. The boiler furnace 1 is provided with a boiler horizontal flue steering chamber 11 and a boiler economizer outlet 12, one end of the smoke exhaust pipeline 3 is communicated to the boiler economizer outlet 12 of the boiler furnace 1, the other end of the smoke exhaust pipeline is communicated with the SCR reactor 5, one end of the bypass flue 2 is connected to the boiler horizontal flue steering chamber 11 of the boiler furnace 1, and the other end of the bypass flue is communicated with the smoke exhaust pipeline 3. In the present embodiment, the urea storage tank 41 stores therein a 50% urea solution.
The urea solution supplier 4 includes a urea storage tank 41, a nozzle 42 connected to the urea storage tank 41, and a supplier 43 connected to the nozzle 42, the nozzle 42 is connected to the bypass flue 2, and the supplier 43 sprays urea in the urea storage tank 41 into the bypass flue 2. Compared with the prior art, the invention eliminates the heater and the pyrolyzing furnace to pyrolyze the urea solution to produce ammonia gas, thereby being beneficial to reducing the manufacturing cost, and simultaneously, high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the hearth of the boiler to be used as a pyrolysis source, thereby being beneficial to reducing the environmental pollution.
The mixer 6 is provided with a channel surrounded by an outer wall 60 and is connected to the smoke exhaust pipeline 3, the mixer 6 is provided with a smoke inlet end 61 connected to the smoke exhaust pipeline 3, a mixed ammonia gas outlet end 62 communicated with the SCR reactor 5 and a bypass inlet end 63, and the bypass inlet end 63 is communicated with the other end of the bypass flue 2; the ammonia gas flowing from the bypass inlet end 63 and the flue gas flowing from the flue gas inlet end 61 can be mixed and then enter the SCR reactor.
In the present embodiment, the mixer 6 has a plurality of guide vanes 64 installed in the outer wall 60, and the guide vanes 64 are located between the bypass inlet end 63 and the mixed ammonia gas outlet end 62. The guide piece 34 is arranged in a non-planar manner, and fully mixes ammonia gas and flue gas and then enters the SCR reactor. The high-temperature dilution fan 7 can draw hot air in the boiler furnace 1 to enter the bypass flue 2 so as to fully mix urea solution in the pyrolysis bypass flue 2 to produce ammonia gas and flue gas and improve the flow of the flue gas in the bypass flue 2.
In the embodiment, the boiler furnace is provided with an economizer 10, one end of the bypass flue 2 is connected to the upper end of the economizer, one end of the smoke exhaust pipe 3 is connected to the lower end of the economizer, and the temperature of the smoke at the rear end of the economizer can reach more than 300 ℃ so as to fully react in the SCR reactor by the ammonia mixer.
In the urea pyrolysis system disclosed by the invention, the urea pyrolysis system is also provided with a washing water supply device 45 communicated with the spray pipe 42 and a purging gas pipe 46 communicated with the spray pipe 42 so as to conveniently clean the spray pipe 42 and the bypass flue 2 and prevent blockage.
According to the invention, the bypass flue 2 is led out from the boiler hearth 1 to be used as a heat source for urea solution pyrolysis, 50% of urea in the urea storage tank 41 is directly sprayed into the bypass flue 2 through the spray pipe 42 to generate ammonia gas, and then the ammonia gas and the flue gas are fully mixed by the mixer 6, so that the reaction of the SCR reactor is facilitated. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the process of preparing the 50% urea solution to generate the ammonia gas is realized, the ammonia gas is prepared at low cost under the condition that a heater and a pyrolysis furnace are omitted, the ammonia gas and the flue gas are conveniently and fully mixed, the occurrence of ammonia escape events is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
I.e. the urea solution reacts as follows:
CO(NH2)2→NH3+HNCO (1)
HNCO+H2O→NH3+CO2(2)
the reducing agent ammonia (NH) required by the SCR reactor is obtained through the reaction3) And the flue gas in the smoke exhaust pipeline 3 is fully and uniformly mixed with the ammonia gas and then enters the SCR reactor 5. Further increase NOXAnd NH3Fully react in the SCR reactor, and reduce the occurrence of ammonia slip events.
The invention can simply prepare ammonia gas by adopting the structure and obtain the ammonia gas mixture gas required by the SCR reactor, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
a method for preparing ammonia by a urea pyrolysis system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: forming a urea pyrolysis system of claim 1;
secondly, introducing flue gas into a bypass flue 2 as a heat source from a boiler horizontal flue turning chamber 11 of a boiler hearth;
thirdly, the feeder 43 sprays the urea in the urea storage tank 41 into the bypass flue 2, and ammonia gas is generated after pyrolysis;
fourthly, the flue gas in the flue gas discharge pipe 3 flows in from the flue gas inlet end 61, the ammonia gas flows in from the bypass inlet end 63, and the ammonia gas and the flue gas are mixed in the mixer and then flow into the SCR reactor from the mixed ammonia gas outlet end 62.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
Claims (10)
1. A urea pyrolysis system, comprising: the system comprises a boiler hearth, a bypass flue, a smoke exhaust pipeline, a urea solution feeder and an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) reactor, wherein the boiler hearth is provided with a boiler horizontal flue steering chamber and a boiler economizer outlet; the method is characterized in that: the urea solution feeder is provided with a urea storage tank, a spray pipe connected to the urea storage tank and a feeder communicated with the spray pipe, the spray pipe is communicated into the bypass flue, the feeder sprays urea in the urea storage tank into the bypass flue, the urea pyrolysis system is provided with a mixer communicated to the smoke exhaust pipeline, the mixer is provided with a smoke inlet end connected to the smoke exhaust pipeline, a mixed ammonia outlet end communicated with the SCR reactor and a bypass inlet end, and the bypass inlet end is communicated with the other end of the bypass flue.
2. The urea pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: the mixer has a plurality of guide vanes and the guide vanes are positioned between the bypass inlet end and the mixed ammonia outlet end.
3. The urea pyrolysis system of claim 2, wherein: the guide sheet is arranged in a non-plane manner.
4. The urea pyrolysis system of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the bypass flue is provided with a high-temperature dilution fan.
5. The urea pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: the boiler furnace is provided with an economizer, the horizontal flue steering chamber of the boiler is positioned at the upper end of the economizer, and the outlet of the economizer of the boiler is positioned at the lower end of the economizer.
6. The urea pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: the urea pyrolysis system is provided with a washing water feeder communicated with the spray pipe.
7. The urea pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: the urea pyrolysis system is provided with a purge gas pipe communicated with the spray pipe.
8. The urea pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: the urea storage tank stores 50% urea solution.
9. The urea pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein: the feeder sprays urea in the urea storage tank into the bypass flue to be pyrolyzed to generate ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas generated in the bypass flue enters the bypass inlet end of the mixer, is mixed with flue gas in the flue gas inlet end and then enters the SCR reactor from the mixed ammonia gas outlet end.
10. A method for preparing ammonia by a urea pyrolysis system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: forming a urea pyrolysis system of claim 1;
secondly, guiding flue gas into a chamber from a horizontal boiler flue of a boiler hearth to enter a bypass flue as a heat source;
thirdly, the feeder sprays the urea in the urea storage tank into the bypass flue, and ammonia gas is generated after pyrolysis;
fourthly, the smoke of the smoke exhaust pipeline flows in from a smoke inlet end, the ammonia gas flows in from a bypass inlet end, and the ammonia gas and the smoke gas are mixed in a mixer and then flow into the SCR reactor from a mixed ammonia gas outlet end.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911242455.3A CN110902694B (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | Urea pyrolysis system and ammonia production method thereof |
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| CN201911242455.3A CN110902694B (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2019-12-06 | Urea pyrolysis system and ammonia production method thereof |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106807193A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-09 | 昆山市三维换热器有限公司 | A kind of flue-gas denitration process system |
| CN107261837A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-10-20 | 中节环立为（武汉）能源技术有限公司 | It is a kind of to quote denitrification apparatus and technique that high-temperature flue gas carries out urea pyrolysis ammonia |
| CN211896058U (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-11-10 | 苏州三维流体技术有限公司 | Urea pyrolysis system |
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- 2019-12-06 CN CN201911242455.3A patent/CN110902694B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106807193A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-09 | 昆山市三维换热器有限公司 | A kind of flue-gas denitration process system |
| CN107261837A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-10-20 | 中节环立为（武汉）能源技术有限公司 | It is a kind of to quote denitrification apparatus and technique that high-temperature flue gas carries out urea pyrolysis ammonia |
| CN211896058U (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-11-10 | 苏州三维流体技术有限公司 | Urea pyrolysis system |
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