CN110901678A

CN110901678A - Rail vehicle and energy absorption device thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110901678A
Application number: CN201811072303.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侯帅昌; 高宁; 何天; 贾育斌; 罗鹏; 李明
Original assignee: CRRC Tangshan Co Ltd
Current assignee: CRRC Tangshan Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-09-14
Filing date: 2018-09-14
Publication date: 2020-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2038-09-14
Also published as: CN110901678B

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of railway vehicles, in particular to a railway vehicle and an energy absorption device thereof. The energy absorption device is made of fiber reinforced composite materials, one end of the energy absorption device is installed on an energy absorption piece of the railway vehicle, and the energy absorption piece is used for absorbing energy through brittle fracture crushing in the collision process. The energy absorption device has the characteristics of small volume, light weight and small occupied space, and can solve the problems of large volume, heavy weight and large occupied space of the conventional energy absorption device.

Description

Rail vehicle and energy absorption device thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of railway vehicles, in particular to a railway vehicle and an energy absorption device thereof.

Background

With the rapid development of high-speed trains, the operation speed of rail vehicles such as motor train units and the like is also continuously improved, the safety of the rail vehicles is more and more emphasized by people, and energy absorption in the collision process is an important factor for ensuring the safety of the rail vehicles, so that an energy absorption device is required to be added at the end part of the rail vehicles to absorb a part of the huge energy generated in the collision process, and further the passive safety of the rail vehicles can be greatly improved.

In the collision process, the conventional energy absorption device absorbs collision energy through plastic deformation of an energy absorption component made of a metal material, and the conventional energy absorption device has the problems of large volume, heavy weight and large occupied space due to the fact that the Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) of the metal material is low. Specific energy absorption refers to the energy absorbed per unit mass or volume, and is generally characterized in terms of the energy absorbed per unit mass.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a railway vehicle and an energy absorption device thereof, wherein the energy absorption device has the characteristics of small volume, small weight and small occupied space, and can solve the problems of large volume, large weight and large occupied space of the conventional energy absorption device.

According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided an energy absorption device for a rail vehicle, the energy absorption device comprising an energy absorption member made of a fiber reinforced composite material and having one end mounted to the rail vehicle, the energy absorption member being configured to absorb energy by brittle fracture fragmentation during a collision process.

Preferably, the energy absorbing member is provided with a cavity and a cavity wall surrounding the cavity;

the cavity wall is formed by stacking layers, and the number of the layers is in direct proportion to the thickness of the cavity wall.

Preferably, the cavity wall is provided with a guide section, a progressive section and a stable compression section which are sequentially connected, and the stable compression section is installed on the rail vehicle;

the number of the layers of the guide section is smaller than that of the layers of the stable compression section, and the number of the layers of the progressive section is between that of the layers of the guide section and that of the stable compression section.

Preferably, the ratio of the length of the progressive segment to the length of the guide segment is 1.1-1.3;

the ratio of the length of the stable compression section to the length of the guide section is 1.3-1.7.

Preferably, the energy absorbing member is mounted to the rail vehicle by a mounting base.

Preferably, a fixing seat is arranged on one side surface of the mounting base, and the stable compression section of the energy absorbing piece is fixedly connected to the fixing seat.

Preferably, the mounting base is provided with a through hole penetrating the thickness of the mounting base and communicated with the cavity, and the through hole is used for penetrating a coupler of the railway vehicle.

Preferably, the cavity wall is provided with a plurality of reinforcing ribs;

each reinforcing rib is a protrusion with a semicircular cross section, and the protrusion forms a groove on the inner circumferential surface of the cavity wall.

Preferably, the fiber-reinforced composite material is a carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composite material.

Preferably, the energy absorbing member is of a frustum pyramid structure, and the bottom of the energy absorbing member is mounted on the rail vehicle.

According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a rail vehicle comprising any one of the energy absorbing devices as provided in the above-mentioned claims.

The embodiment of the application provides a rail vehicle and energy-absorbing device thereof, because the energy-absorbing piece of this energy-absorbing device adopts fibre reinforced composite to make, fibre reinforced composite has density little and than the big characteristics of energy-absorbing, and fibre reinforced composite can be through brittle fracture, smash and carry out the energy-absorbing at the collision in-process, therefore, this energy-absorbing device has small, the little and little characteristics of occupation space of weight, can solve current energy-absorbing device and have bulky, the big and big problem of occupation space of weight.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an energy absorber device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wall of the energy absorber device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of the energy absorber of FIG. 1 in a direction A;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of the energy absorber device of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the energy absorber device of FIG. 1 mounted to an end underframe of a railway vehicle;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the mounting base of the energy absorber device of FIG. 1 mounted to an end chassis.

Reference numerals:

1-an energy absorbing device; 2-end chassis; 3-a fastener; 11-an energy absorbing member; 12-mounting a base; 13-a fixed seat; 111-a cavity; 112-chamber wall; 121-a through hole; 122-a fixation hole; 131-a threaded hole; 1121 — a guide section; 1122-progressive segment; 1123-a stable compression section; 1124-layering; 1125-reinforcing ribs; 1126-grooves.

Detailed Description

In the process of implementing the application, the inventor finds that, in the collision process, the conventional energy absorption device absorbs collision energy through plastic deformation of an energy absorption part made of a metal material, and the conventional energy absorption device has the problems of large volume, heavy weight and large occupied space due to lower specific energy absorption of the metal material.

In view of the above problems, the embodiment of the application provides a railway vehicle and an energy absorption device thereof, and as the fiber reinforced composite material adopted by the energy absorption piece of the energy absorption device has the characteristics of small density and larger energy absorption ratio, and the fiber reinforced composite material can absorb energy through brittle fracture and crushing in the collision process, the energy absorption device has the characteristics of small volume, small weight and small occupied space, and can solve the problems of large volume, large weight and large occupied space of the existing energy absorption device.

In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the following further detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings makes it clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and are not exhaustive of all embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.

Example one

The embodiment of the application provides an energy absorption device 1 of a railway vehicle, as shown in the structure of fig. 1, the energy absorption device 1 comprises an energy absorption piece 11, the energy absorption piece 11 is made of a fiber reinforced composite material, and one end of the energy absorption piece 11 is installed on the railway vehicle; the energy absorbing member 11 is used for absorbing energy by brittle fracture and crush of the fiber reinforced composite material during collision of the rail vehicle. The fiber-reinforced composite material may be a continuous fiber composite material such as a carbon fiber-reinforced composite material, such as: carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite materials, 0 degree/45 degree carbon fiber interwoven fiber cloth reinforced composite materials and the like.

Because the energy absorbing piece 11 is made of the fiber reinforced composite material, and the fiber reinforced composite material has the characteristics of small density and large specific energy absorption, when the energy absorbing piece 11 made of the fiber reinforced composite material is extruded in the collision process of a railway vehicle, collision energy can be absorbed through progressive brittle fracture and crushing of the energy absorbing piece 11, and thus energy generated by collision is converted into brittle fracture and crushing of the energy absorbing piece 11 and is consumed. Therefore, compared with the prior art, under the condition that the total collision energy absorption amount of the energy absorption piece 11 is constant, the specific energy absorption of the fiber reinforced composite material is large, the energy absorption device 1 can adopt the energy absorption piece 11 with smaller volume to absorb the same collision energy, and the energy absorption piece 11 has smaller weight and lower density, so that the volume, the weight and the occupied space of the energy absorption device 1 can be further reduced.

In conclusion, the energy absorption device 1 has the characteristics of small volume, light weight and small occupied space, and can solve the problems of large volume, heavy weight and large occupied space of the conventional energy absorption device 1.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in the structure of fig. 1, 3 and 4, the energy absorbing member 11 is provided with a cavity 111 and a cavity wall 112 surrounding the cavity 111, i.e. the energy absorbing member 11 may be of a hollow structure; meanwhile, in order to enable the energy absorbing piece 11 to continuously, stably and orderly realize the effect of collision energy absorption, as shown in the structure of fig. 2, the cavity wall 112 is provided with a guide section 1121, a gradual section 1122 and a stable compression section 1123 which are connected in sequence, the guide section 1121, the gradual section 1122 and the stable compression section 1123 are distinguished by the number of the layers 1124 forming the cavity wall 112, and the number of the layers 1124 of the guide section 1121, the number of the layers 1124 of the gradual section 1122 and the number of the layers 1124 of the stable compression section 1123 are gradually increased in sequence; in order to further realize the guiding function of the guiding section 1121 and enable the energy absorbing piece 11 to crush and absorb energy gradually and orderly, as shown in the structure of fig. 1, a chamfer is further provided at the end of the guiding section 1121, and the angle of the chamfer may be 30 °;

the cavity wall 112 is constructed of plies 1124 arranged in a stack, and the number of plies 1124 is proportional to the thickness of the cavity wall 112. As shown in the structure of FIG. 2, the cavity wall 112 is formed by stacking different numbers of layers 1124, only the structure of the cavity wall 112 is shown in FIG. 2, and the number of layers 1124 and the sequence of layers are not limited.

Because the energy absorbing piece 11 is provided with the cavity 111, when the energy absorbing piece 11 is arranged on an end underframe of a railway vehicle, the car coupler can penetrate through the cavity 111, so that the car coupler is convenient to install; meanwhile, as the cavity wall 112 is formed by the layers 1124 which are arranged in a stacked mode, the cavity wall 112 can be designed in a diversity mode by arranging different numbers of the layers 1124 and different layer sequences, so that the energy absorbing piece 11 has different energy absorbing total amounts, the requirements of different rail vehicles on the energy absorbing total amounts of the energy absorbing device 1 are further met, and the application range of the energy absorbing device 1 is widened.

In order to enable the energy absorption device 1 to gradually and stably realize the energy absorption function in order during the collision, as shown in the structure of fig. 2, the cavity wall 112 may be provided with a guiding section 1121, a gradual section 1122 and a stable compression section 1123 which are connected in sequence, and the stable compression section 1123 is installed on the rail vehicle;

the number of plies 1124 of the leading section 1121 is less than the number of plies 1124 of the stabilized compressed section 1123, and the number of plies 1124 of the incremental section 1122 is between the number of plies 1124 of the leading section 1121 and the number of plies 1124 of the stabilized compressed section 1123.

In the cavity wall 112, different numbers of the layers 1124 are arranged to make the thickness of the cavity wall 112 different, so that the cavity wall 112 is composed of a guide section 1121, a gradual section 1122 and a stable compression section 1123, wherein the number of the layers 1124 is gradually increased, and in the actual use process, the guide section 1121 has fewer numbers of the layers 1124 and is used for guiding the energy absorption device 1124 to generate gradual damage and weakening the initial maximum peak value of the collision acceleration; in order to ensure that the energy absorption device 1 has enough energy absorption total amount, the stable compression section 1123 with a larger number of the layers 1124 is arranged at the rear part of the guide section 1121, and after the guide section 1121 guides progressive damage to happen, the stable compression section 1123 provides stable and higher stable load so as to consume the impact energy in the collision process; meanwhile, in order to successfully transfer the impact energy absorbed by the guide section 1121 from the impact energy absorption of the guide section 1121 to the impact energy absorption of the stable compression section 1123 during the impact process, a gradual section 1122 is further arranged between the guide section 1121 and the stable compression section 1123, the gradual section 1122 is used for guiding the damage to smoothly develop from the guide section 1121 to the stable compression section 1123 in a gradual manner through the number of the layers 1124 between the number of the layers 1124 of the guide section 1121 and the number of the layers 1124 of the stable compression section 1123, so that the impact energy generated during the impact process is sequentially absorbed by the guide section 1121, the gradual section 1122 and the stable compression section 1123, and most of the impact energy is absorbed by the stable compression section 1123.

Through the three-section structure arranged on the cavity wall 112, collision energy generated in the collision process can be sequentially absorbed, and through the arrangement of the guide section 1121 and the gradual section 1122, most of the collision energy can be absorbed through the stable compression section 1123, so that the energy absorption device 1 is prevented from losing the effect of absorbing the collision energy due to unreasonable structural arrangement in the collision process, other parts of the railway vehicle are prevented from being damaged by the collision energy, and the loss of the railway vehicle in the collision process is reduced to the greatest extent.

In a specific use process, the proportional relationship among the length of the guiding section 1121, the length of the gradual section 1122, and the length of the stable compression section 1123 may be 1: 1.1-1.3: 1.3-1.7, such as: 1:1.2:1.5, 1:1.1:1.3, 1:1.1:1.4, 1:1.1:1.5, 1:1.1:1.6, 1:1.1:1.7, 1:1.2:1.3, 1:1.2:1.5, 1:1.2:1.6, 1:1.2:1.7, 1:1.3:1.3, 1:1.3:1.4, 1:1.3:1.5, 1:1.3:1.6, 1:1.3: 1.7; the wall thickness of the cavity wall 112 of the guiding section 1121 may be 3cm to 6cm, for example: 3cm, 4cm, 5cm and 6 cm; the wall thickness of the chamber wall 112 of the progressive segment 1122 can be 8cm to 15cm, for example: 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, 15 cm; the wall thickness of the cavity wall 112 of the stable compression section 1123 may be 16cm to 24cm, such as: 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm, 20cm, 21cm, 22cm, 23cm, 24 cm.

The energy absorber 11 is mounted to the rail vehicle by means of a mounting base 12. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the energy absorbing member 11 is mounted on the end underframe 2 of the railway vehicle through the mounting base 12, and the energy absorbing member 11 can also be mounted on other parts of the railway vehicle which need to be subjected to collision buffering and energy absorption through the mounting base 12. The mounting base 12 can be fixedly mounted on the end chassis 2 of the rail vehicle by fasteners 3 such as bolts inserted into the fixing holes 122, or can be mounted on the rail vehicle by other connection methods, such as: welding, bonding, riveting, and the like.

Because the energy absorbing piece 11 is installed on the rail vehicle through the installation base 12, after the energy absorbing piece 11 is damaged after collision, the energy absorbing piece 11 can be replaced by disassembling the energy absorbing piece 11, therefore, the energy absorbing device 1 is installed by adopting the structure, which is beneficial to replacing and maintaining the energy absorbing piece 11 or the installation base 12, and is further convenient for maintaining the rail vehicle.

In order to improve the connection strength and reliability between the energy absorbing member 11 and the mounting base 12, as shown in the structures of fig. 5 and 6, 4 fixing seats 13 are provided on one side surface of the mounting base 12, and the stable compression section 1123 of the energy absorbing member 11 is fixedly connected to the fixing seats 13. One side surface of installation base 12 is provided with 4 fixing bases 13, fastens it through the fixing base 13 that sets up in energy-absorbing piece 11 four corners and connects, is provided with screw hole 131 on the fixing base 13, can install energy-absorbing piece 11 reliably in fixing base 13 through fasteners such as screw, bolt of threaded connection in screw hole 131, and then as an organic whole with installation base 12 fixed connection.

Because the energy absorbing piece 11 and the mounting base 12 are connected into a whole through the fixing seat 13, in the process that the energy absorbing piece 11 needs to be replaced or maintained, the energy absorbing piece 11 can be detached through the fixing seat 13 for replacement or maintenance, especially after collision happens, when the energy absorbing piece 11 is damaged such as brittle fracture and crushing, the mounting base 12 can be continuously used, only the energy absorbing piece 11 can be replaced, the mounting base 12 can be continuously used, and then materials can be saved, and the use cost can be reduced.

In order to facilitate the coupler to be exposed to the outside of the energy absorber 11 when the energy absorber 1 is mounted to the end chassis 2 of the railway vehicle, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the mounting base 12 is provided with a through hole 121 penetrating the thickness thereof and communicating with the cavity 111, and the through hole 121 is used for inserting the coupler of the railway vehicle. During the manufacturing process, the specific size of the through hole 121, such as the aperture, may be set according to the specific parameters of the coupler. The through-hole 121 is not limited to the circular hole shown in fig. 6, and may be a through-hole of another shape.

As shown in the configurations of FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the cavity wall 112 of the energy absorber 11 is provided with a plurality of ribs 1125; as shown in the structure of FIG. 3, the cavity wall 112 of the energy absorbing element 11 is provided with a plurality of ribs 1125 with a semicircular cross section, and the energy absorbing element 11 can be formed by surrounding a corrugated plate; the cross-sectional shape of the rib 1125 may be a semicircle as shown in fig. 3, or a triangle, a trapezoid, an arc, a rectangle, etc.;

each of the plurality of ribs 1125 is a protrusion having a semicircular cross-sectional shape, and the protrusion forms a recess 1126 in the inner circumferential surface of the cavity wall 112.

The plurality of reinforcing ribs 1125 arranged on the cavity wall 112 can enhance the structural strength of the energy-absorbing member 11, and further increase the total energy-absorbing amount of the energy-absorbing member 11 in the collision process; meanwhile, the overall specific energy absorption and the specific energy absorption of each section of the energy absorbing piece 11 can be adjusted by setting the number, the distribution form and the cross section shape of the reinforcing ribs 1125 differently, namely, the energy absorbing piece 11 can adjust the specific energy absorption of each section by setting the number of the layers 1124 differently, and can adjust the specific energy absorption of each section by setting the number, the distribution form and the cross section shape of the reinforcing ribs 1125 arranged on the cavity wall 112 differently, and the energy absorbing piece 11 can be gradually and orderly crushed by setting the heights of the front end face and the rear end face of the energy absorbing piece 11, so that the energy absorbing piece 11 meets the energy absorption total requirement of the rail vehicle.

Simultaneously, in order to realize lasting conquassation mode and avoid combined material to take place the production of destroying preceding great load peak value, have comparatively invariable compression load to keep higher energy-absorbing efficiency at the destruction in-process, the corner that stress concentration probably appears in whole energy-absorbing device 1 is fillet processing, if: at any one of the right-angled edges of the energy absorbing member 11.

As shown in the structure of fig. 1, the energy absorbing member 11 may be a frustum-shaped structure, and the bottom of the energy absorbing member 11 is mounted to the rail vehicle. When the energy absorbing member 11 is a frustum pyramid structure, the cross section of the frustum pyramid can be any shape such as square, rectangle, trapezoid, pentagon, hexagon, etc.

The energy absorbing piece 11 of the energy absorbing device 1 of the railway vehicle is made of the fiber reinforced composite material, and the fiber reinforced composite material has the characteristics of small density and larger energy absorption ratio, and the fiber reinforced composite material can consume the collision energy for energy absorption through brittle fracture and crushing in the collision process, so that the energy absorbing device 1 has the characteristics of small volume, small weight and small occupied space, and can solve the problems that the existing energy absorbing device 1 is large in volume, large in weight and large in occupied space.

Example two

The embodiment of the application provides a railway vehicle, and the railway vehicle comprises the energy absorption device 1 in any one of the above embodiments. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the energy absorber 1 is mounted on the end underframe 2 of the railway vehicle through the mounting base 12, the mounting base 12 may be provided with fixing holes 122, and the mounting base 12 is fixedly mounted on the end underframe 2 of the railway vehicle through fasteners 3 such as bolts inserted into the fixing holes 122, so that the energy absorber 1 is mounted on the railway vehicle. Of course, the energy absorber device 1 can also be mounted on a rail vehicle in other connection ways, such as: welding, bonding, riveting, and the like.

The energy absorption device 1 in any one of the above embodiments is mounted on the end underframe 2 of the rail vehicle, and the energy absorption device 1 has the characteristics of small volume, light weight and small occupied space, so that the rail vehicle mounted with the energy absorption device 1 is beneficial to reducing the self weight and the overall size, and is further beneficial to saving energy and reducing consumption of the rail vehicle.

While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims

1. The energy absorption device of the railway vehicle is characterized by comprising an energy absorption piece which is made of fiber reinforced composite materials and one end of the energy absorption piece is installed on the railway vehicle, and the energy absorption piece is used for absorbing energy through brittle fracture crushing in the collision process.

2. Energy-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy-absorbing element is provided with a cavity and a cavity wall surrounding the cavity;

3. An energy absorber according to claim 2 wherein the chamber wall is provided with a leading section, a progressive section and a stable compression section in series, the stable compression section being mounted to the rail vehicle;

4. An energy absorber according to claim 3 wherein the ratio between the length of the gradual section and the length of the guide section is from 1.1 to 1.3;

5. An energy absorber according to claim 3 wherein said energy absorber is mounted to said rail vehicle by a mounting base.

6. An energy absorber according to claim 5 wherein a side surface of said mounting base is provided with a mounting seat, said stable compression section of said energy absorber being fixedly attached to said mounting seat.

7. An energy absorber according to claim 5 wherein the mounting base is provided with a through hole extending through its thickness and communicating with the cavity, the through hole being adapted to receive a coupler of the railway vehicle.

8. An energy-absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cavity wall is provided with a plurality of ribs;

9. An energy absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said fibre-reinforced composite material is a carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy resin composite material.

10. An energy absorber according to claim 9 wherein said energy absorber is of a prismoid configuration, the base of said energy absorber being mounted to said rail vehicle.

11. A rail vehicle, characterized in that it comprises an energy-absorbing device according to any one of claims 1-10.