CN110899312A - Treatment method of benzene-polluted land - Google Patents
Treatment method of benzene-polluted land Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/005—Extraction of vapours or gases using vacuum or venting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment method of benzene-polluted land, and belongs to the technical field of soil remediation. The treatment method of the benzene-polluted land comprises the following steps: sampling and detecting the benzene-polluted land, and dividing the benzene-polluted land into a high-pollution area and a low-pollution area according to a sampling detection result and a pollution degree standard; extracting a gas-liquid mixture in the extraction well in a high-pollution area by using a vacuum pump, performing gas-liquid separation on the extracted gas-liquid mixture, performing gas-phase adsorption treatment on a separated gas phase part by using activated carbon, then discharging, and performing liquid-phase adsorption treatment on a separated liquid phase part by using activated carbon, and then collecting; and in the low pollution area, excavating the polluted land, taking the soil, carrying out debenzolization treatment on the taken soil, and backfilling the soil to the excavated part of the low pollution area. The treatment method of the invention adopts different treatment modes for land areas with different pollution degrees, so that the lands with different pollution degrees are fully treated and repaired, and the construction cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a treatment method of benzene-polluted land.
Background
With the increasing importance of society on environmental problems, the problem of soil pollution has also gained wide attention. The key that the polluted soil can be recovered and harm can be avoided is to treat and repair the polluted soil, and the traditional soil pollution problem is mostly repaired by adopting the modes of soil discharging, soil dressing improvement and the like, but the modes have better effect on the heavy metal polluted soil and are not applicable to the soil pollution of harmful organic matters. Because most of organic pollutants are insoluble in water, the organic pollutants are adsorbed on the surface of soil particles and are difficult to remove. The organic pollutant mobility is very strong, and most volatilize easily moreover, and along with the time lapse, can appear seriously infiltration, diffusion very fast, and the polluted area can enlarge rapidly, has further increased the improvement degree of difficulty.
The Chinese patent with application publication number CN109290356A discloses a method for treating polychlorinated biphenyl polluted soil, which comprises the steps of excavating and conveying soil to be repaired into a stirrer, uniformly spraying leacheate on the soil to be repaired, stirring, mixing indigenous microorganisms with a biological growth promoting solution, spraying or injecting the mixture into the sprayed soil, spraying or injecting the biological growth promoting solution again after 5 to 7 days, and then spraying or injecting the biological growth promoting solution by half every day for 25 to 30 days. And continuously excavating soil with the depth of 40-60cm on the excavated soil, crushing, spraying Fenton reagent, stirring, maintaining for 48 hours, adding cement for solidification, and backfilling the soil sprayed with the growth promoting liquid.
The method adopts the leacheate and the biological growth promoting liquid to spray the surface soil in sequence, and then treats the deep soil by using the Fenton reagent and the cement, so that the method has a good treatment effect on the polychlorinated biphenyl polluted soil, the polychlorinated biphenyl is high in removal rate, and the diffusion is avoided. However, the method only treats polychlorinated biphenyl, and benzene-polluted land is difficult to completely treat and repair due to the fact that benzene and most reagents are difficult to react at normal temperature and normal pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a treatment method of benzene-polluted land, which has a good treatment effect on the benzene-polluted land.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for treating benzene-contaminated land comprises the following steps:
1) sampling and detecting the benzene-polluted land, and dividing the benzene-polluted land into a high-pollution area and a low-pollution area according to a sampling detection result and a pollution degree standard;
2) extracting a gas-liquid mixture in the extraction well in a high-pollution area by using a vacuum pump, performing gas-liquid separation on the extracted gas-liquid mixture, performing gas-phase adsorption treatment on a separated gas phase part by using activated carbon, then discharging, and performing liquid-phase adsorption treatment on a separated liquid phase part by using activated carbon, and then collecting;
and in the low pollution area, excavating the polluted land, taking the soil, carrying out debenzolization treatment on the taken soil, and backfilling the soil to the excavated part of the low pollution area.
By adopting the technical scheme, the benzene-polluted land is divided into a high-pollution area and a low-pollution area, different treatment modes are adopted for the high-pollution area and the low-pollution area, underground soil gas, water body and the like are extracted to the ground in the high-pollution area in an extraction mode, organic pollutants in the soil are extracted out along with the gas and the water body and are brought to the ground, then phase separation is carried out, and activated carbon adsorption treatment is adopted; on one hand, the pollutants in the underground soil are fully separated from the soil, and after the pollutants are separated from the soil, the fresh air can quickly fill the pores between the soil; the flow of fresh air in soil pores can destroy the distribution balance of organic pollutants on the surface of soil particles, promote the volatilization of the organic pollutants in an adsorption phase and a dissolution phase, and further improve the removal efficiency of the pollutants; on the other hand, after the activated carbon adsorption treatment is adopted, secondary pollution caused by organic pollutants can be fully avoided.
The invention is further configured to: the number of extraction wells in step 2) is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, NWellThe number of extraction wells; mGeneral assemblyThe unit is kg for the total mass of the pollutants to be removed; t is the maximum time allowed for pollution removal, and the unit is d; rRemoving deviceThe rate of contaminant removal per well is in kg/d.
By adopting the technical scheme, the reasonable number of the extraction wells can be calculated and determined so as to fully cover the high-pollution area, so that pollutants in the high-pollution area are extracted as thoroughly as possible, and pollution hazards are reduced to the minimum.
The invention is further configured to: the individual well contaminant removal rate can be calculated as follows:
Rremoving device＝ηGQ
Wherein η is efficiency factor with a value range of 0.9-1.0, and G is the concentration of the pollutant in the extracted gas-liquid mixture with a unit of kg/m3(ii) a Q is the extraction flow of a single extraction well and is in m3/d。
By adopting the technical scheme, the removal rate is calculated by utilizing the formula, the pollutant removal amount and efficiency of each extraction well can be accurately determined, and support is provided for accurately setting the number of the extraction wells.
The invention is further configured to: the number of extraction wells is calculated as NWellAnd theoretical value NTheory of the inventionThe smaller of the two;
the calculated values are calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, NWellCalculating the number of extraction wells; mGeneral assemblyThe unit is kg for the total mass of the pollutants to be removed; t is the maximum time allowed for pollution removal, and the unit is d; rRemoving deviceThe unit is the removal rate of pollutants of a single well and is kg/d;
theoretical values were calculated according to the following formula:
Ntheory of the invention＝FAPollution (b) by/(πRShadow 2)
In the formula, APollution (b) byIs the area of contamination, in m2；RShadowThe influence range of the extraction well is m; f is an influence factor and generally takes a value of 1.1-1.5.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention further provides a more reasonable determination method of the number of the extraction wells, one of the theoretical value (actually the theoretical minimum value) and the calculated value is selected as the number value of the extraction wells according to a certain principle, and the smaller one of the theoretical value and the calculated value is selected, so that the construction period can be considered on the basis of ensuring the extraction effect, the harm caused by overlong pollutant influence duration can be avoided, and the construction cost can be reduced.
The invention is further configured to: the bottom of the extraction well is 0.5-1m below the corresponding underground water level.
By adopting the technical scheme, the depth of the extraction well is limited, the bottom surface of the bottom of the extraction well is actually positioned 0.5-1m below the lowest position of the underground water level corresponding to the extraction well, and the condition is suitable for the condition that the underground water level of a polluted area is shallow and the underground water is polluted.
The invention is further configured to: in the step 2), the benzene removal treatment is to heat the soil for 1-5 hours at the temperature of 80-100 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polluted soil is heated at a higher temperature, so that pollutants in the soil can be volatilized and then separated from soil particles. Because the pollutant is benzene and is very easy to volatilize when being heated, the treatment can thoroughly remove the pollutant in the soil.
The invention is further configured to: and 2) collecting the discharged gas when the soil is heated, and performing activated carbon adsorption treatment.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the gas that discharges away when will heating carries out activated carbon adsorption, can adsorb the pollutant in the gas fixedly, avoids causing secondary pollution.
The invention is further configured to: the amount of the activated carbon used in the gas phase adsorption treatment in the step 2) is calculated according to the following formula:
Mcarbon (C)＝MGeneral assembly/[0.35a(PVOCs)m]
In the formula, MCarbon (C)The unit is kg of the total amount of the active carbon required to be used; mGeneral assemblyThe unit is kg for the total mass of the pollutants to be removed; pVOCsIs the partial pressure of the contaminant in the gas in psi; a and m are constants.
By adopting the technical scheme, the required amount of the active carbon can be accurately calculated, and the cost is reduced while the pollutants can be fully removed.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, different treatment modes are adopted for land areas with different pollution degrees, so that the lands with different pollution degrees are fully treated and restored, and meanwhile, the efficiency and the cost can be considered.
Secondly, an extraction well is drilled in the high-pollution area for extraction, then gas-liquid separation is carried out, and the gas phase and the liquid phase are respectively subjected to subsequent treatment, so that deep treatment of the high-pollution area is realized, and the pollutant with serious infiltration can be fully treated.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The treatment method of the benzene-polluted land comprises the following steps: sampling and detecting the benzene-polluted land, and dividing the benzene-polluted land into a high-pollution area and a low-pollution area according to a sampling detection result and a pollution degree standard; extracting a gas-liquid mixture in the extraction well in a high-pollution area by using a vacuum pump, performing gas-liquid separation on the extracted gas-liquid mixture, performing gas-phase adsorption treatment on a separated gas phase part by using activated carbon, then discharging, and performing liquid-phase adsorption treatment on a separated liquid phase part by using activated carbon, and then collecting; and in the low pollution area, excavating the polluted land, taking the soil, carrying out debenzolization treatment on the taken soil, and backfilling the soil to the excavated part of the low pollution area.
The standard of the degree of contamination can be set as the case may be. The high pollution area and the low pollution area may be in the position relation that the low pollution area is at the periphery of the high pollution area or the position relation that the low pollution area is at the upper part of the high pollution area. The pollutant in the top layer soil is volatilized in the low pollution area at the upper part of the high pollution area due to the infiltration of the pollutant, and the pollutant at the lower layer is hardly volatilized, so that the conditions that the pollution degree of the upper layer soil is low and the pollution degree of the lower layer soil is high are formed. Under the condition, firstly excavating and soil taking are carried out on the upper part, benzene removal treatment is carried out, then an extraction well is dug for extraction, and backfilling is carried out after extraction is finished.
The soil excavated from the low pollution area is firstly screened and pretreated to remove larger blocky impurities, such as construction waste and the like. And detecting the soil after the benzene removal treatment, and if the pollutant content is unqualified, performing benzene removal treatment on the soil again.
When determining the number of extraction wells, the number of extraction wells can also be calculated as N on the basis of obtaining the calculated value and the theoretical value of the number of extraction wellsWellAnd theoretical value NTheory of the inventionThe larger of the two.
When the extraction well is arranged in a high-pollution area, an air ventilation well can be arranged around the extraction well, so that fresh air enters soil from the air ventilation well during extraction, and organic pollutants such as non-aqueous phase light liquid (LNAPL) on the surface of soil particles are cleaned and taken away. In order to improve the above effect, air can be supplied from the ventilation shaft mechanically.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the land treatment of crude benzene leakage pollution in LS county of Henan province is taken as an example for explanation, the leakage accident is 9.8t of crude benzene leakage, and residential areas, rivers and farmlands near the accident point need to be carefully and properly treated to reduce the harm. After an accident occurs, partial pollutants on the surface of the earth or the surface of the water body are adsorbed by the adsorption cotton felt, but due to the reason of infiltration and the like, more pollutants still exist in soil at the accident point and nearby, and deep treatment is needed.
The treatment method of the benzene-polluted land comprises the following steps:
1) and detecting the benzene-polluted land.
And in the polluted area, detecting the benzene content in the soil of the polluted land, the benzene content of water in the soil and the benzene content of gas in the soil, and determining the polluted area with the benzene exceeding the standard according to the detection result.
Since there is seeped groundwater in the soil, the benzene content in this partially seeped groundwater is used instead of the benzene content in the water in the soil. And collecting 9 samples of the seeped underground water, wherein the observation results are colorless, slightly turbid, slightly smelly and visible a small amount of floating oil, and detecting by adopting a stripping trapping gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined method. The benzene content in the gas in the soil is detected by 11 samples and an adsorption-desorption gas chromatography method is adopted for detection.
The measurements determined a depth of 5.5m of groundwater level.
2) And dividing the benzene-polluted land into a high-pollution area and a low-pollution area within the determined pollution area according to the sampling detection result and the pollution degree standard, wherein the low-pollution area is arranged at the periphery of the high-pollution area. The standard of the degree of pollution is set according to experience, and in the embodiment, the standard of the degree of pollution for dividing the high and low pollution areas is that the benzene content in the water body in the soil is 0.176mg/L or the benzene content in the gas in the soil is 16.8mg/m3In order to ensure the continuity of the area division, the high pollution area and the low pollution area are formed by combining the two areas.
3) The area of the high-pollution area is 875m2In a high pollution area, the average benzene content in the water body is 0.337mg/L which is 32.7 times higher than the national standard. The average value of the detection of the benzene content in the gas in the soil is 29.7mg/m3。
The total mass of pollutants to be removed in the high-pollution area is determined according to the following modes: according to the area of a high pollution area, the content of benzene in soil gas and water obtained by detection, and the data such as the porosity of soil, the total mass of the pollutants to be removed is estimated to be 577.5kg according to the depth of 0.5m below the underground water level and the experience.
In the high pollution area, the theoretical number of the extraction wells is calculated according to the area of the high pollution area and the extraction influence range of the extraction wells by the following formula:
Ntheory of the invention＝FAPollution (b) by/(πRShadow 2)
In the formula, F is an overlap influence factor, and generally takes a value of 1.1 to 1.5, in this example 1.2; a. thePollution (b) byIs the area of the contaminated area, in m2；RShadowThe extraction influence range of the extraction well is given in m.
In this example, according to the result of the detection in step 1), APollution (b) byIs 875m2。RShadowMay be determined according to the detection result or according to an empirical value, and in this embodiment, R is determined according to an empirical valueShadowIs 2.5 m. Is calculated to yield NTheory of the invention＝53。
4) The number of extraction wells is calculated from the total mass of contaminants to be removed, the maximum time allowed for contaminant removal and the contaminant removal rate by the following formula:
in the formula, NWellThe number of extraction wells; mGeneral assemblyThe unit is kg for the total mass of the pollutants to be removed; t is the maximum time allowed for pollution removal, and the unit is d; rRemoving deviceThe contaminant removal rate is given in kg/d.
The total mass of contaminants to be removed was 577.5kg, and the maximum time allowed for contaminant removal was 90d (determined from the risk assessment of benzene contamination). The contaminant removal rate can be calculated as follows:
Rremoving device＝ηGQ
Wherein η is an efficiency factor with a value range of 0.9-1.0, in this example 1.0, and G is the concentration of the contaminant in the extracted gas-liquid mixture, and in this example, according to the sampling detection, the average concentration of the contaminant in the extracted gas-liquid mixture is 97.6mg/m3(this calculation can be converted into kg/m3Units); q is the extraction flow of a single extraction well, 0.95m in this example3Min (convertible into m during calculation)3In/d units).
Can be calculated by NWell＝48。
5) Comparison of NTheory of the inventionAnd NWellConsidering that the harm of the pollutants is serious and needs to be treated in time, the number N of the extraction wells is 48.
6) After the number of extraction wells is determined, 48 extraction wells are drilled in the high pollution area, and the positions of the extraction wells are distributed as uniformly as possible in the high pollution area and cover all areas of the high pollution area as a whole. The depth of the well is 6m and the diameter is 0.01m or 0.02 m.
Then, vacuum pumps and gas-liquid separators are installed, one vacuum pump is arranged to be connected with a plurality of extraction wells according to the distribution of the extraction wells, generally, one vacuum pump is connected with 5-10 vacuum pumps, and in the embodiment, one vacuum pump is connected with 8 vacuum pumps.
The extraction wells were then extracted for 90 d. During extraction, the lower end of a pipeline extending into the extraction well extends into the bottom of the extraction well, the extracted gas-liquid mixture is separated by a gas-liquid separator, the separated gas phase is introduced into a gas phase adsorber, activated carbon is used for gas phase adsorption treatment, and the gas after the gas phase adsorption treatment is discharged into the atmosphere.
The amount of activated carbon used in the gas phase adsorber is calculated according to the following formula:
Mcarbon (C)＝MGeneral assembly/[0.35a(PVOCs)m]
In the formula, MCarbon (C)The unit is kg of the total amount of the active carbon required to be used; mGeneral assemblyThe unit is kg for the total mass of the pollutants to be removed; pVOCsIs the partial pressure of the contaminant in the gas in psi; a and m are constants.
In this example, MGeneral assembly577.5 kg; according to the concentration of pollutant crude benzene in the gas of 97.6mg/m3And converting the partial pressure P of the crude benzene in the gas by combining the environmental parameters during detectionVOCs0.000432 psi; empirically, a is 0.597 and m is 0.176. The mass of activated carbon required for gas adsorption was calculated to be 10.9 t.
And introducing the liquid phase separated from the gas-liquid separator into a liquid phase adsorber, performing liquid phase adsorption treatment by using activated carbon, and collecting the liquid after the liquid phase adsorption treatment for recycling.
The total mass of the activated carbon required in the liquid adsorber is calculated to be 6.81t according to the quantity of the pollutant benzene to be removed and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon.
The activated carbon after the gas adsorption treatment and the liquid adsorption treatment can be used for recycling the activated carbon and the benzene.
7) In a low pollution area, firstly determining the range of the area, positioning and paying off, then carrying out earthwork excavation on the area, wherein the excavation depth is 0.8m, and the total earthwork amount to be excavated is 225m3。
The excavated soil is crushed and screened to remove large building garbage and other sundries, the screened soil is conveyed to a soil remediation workshop, and a closed container is adopted for containing the soil in the conveying process.
The method comprises the following steps of carrying out debenzolization treatment on soil to be repaired, specifically, feeding the soil to be repaired into a drying furnace in batches, heating and drying, collecting discharged gas, and discharging after adsorption by adopting activated carbon. When the soil to be restored is transferred or needs to be stored, the soil is stacked on the HDPE impermeable membrane, and the impermeable membrane is covered on the HDPE impermeable membrane so as to keep a closed state as much as possible.
The heating temperature is set to be between 80 and 100 ℃, preferably 95 ℃ in the embodiment, and the heating and drying time is 1 to 5 hours, preferably 2 hours in the embodiment. And if the soil after heating and drying is not qualified, performing benzene removal treatment again.
And collecting the heated and dried soil, conveying the soil back to a low-pollution area for backfilling after the soil is qualified, spraying water and compacting.
After the treatment by the implementation method, in the acceptance process, in a high-pollution area, the benzene content in the soil gas of a plurality of sampling points is lower than 0.06mg/L, and the toluene content is lower than 0.31 mg/L. At a plurality of sampling points, the benzene content in the surface water and the ground water is lower than 0.01mg/kg, and the toluene content is lower than 0.113 mg/kg. In the low pollution area, the content of benzene and toluene is below the detection limit and cannot be detected.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that when the extraction well is drilled, a plurality of air injection wells are drilled at the same time, and when the gas-liquid mixture is extracted from the extraction well, fresh air is blown into the air injection wells through the blower to accelerate the discharge of crude benzene in the soil layer. The number of the air injection wells can be set according to specific conditions, generally, the number of the air injection wells is less than that of the extraction wells, and about 5-8 extraction wells are provided with one air injection well.
Example 3
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that, as the case may be, the removal of the contaminant crude benzene is considered to be more thorough in the case of NTheory of the inventionAnd NWellIn selecting NTheory of the inventionAs the number of extraction wells. In other embodiments, when N isTheory of the invention≤NWellWhen in middle, N is selectedWellAs the number of extraction wells. In actual operation, the calculation is not carried out according to the formula, and the extraction wells with higher density can be arranged according to experience.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that the depth of the extraction well is at other values in the range of 0.5-1m below the groundwater level. In other embodiments, where the groundwater level in the contaminated area is very low and not affected by contaminants, the depth of the extraction well may be determined based on the actual contamination level and is not limited to the depth of the groundwater level.
In other embodiments, the benzene content of the air in the contaminated land surface may be used in place of the gaseous benzene content of the contaminated soil.
Claims (8)
1. A method for treating benzene-polluted land is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) sampling and detecting the benzene-polluted land, and dividing the benzene-polluted land into a high-pollution area and a low-pollution area according to a sampling detection result and a pollution degree standard;
2) extracting a gas-liquid mixture in the extraction well in a high-pollution area by using a vacuum pump, performing gas-liquid separation on the extracted gas-liquid mixture, performing gas-phase adsorption treatment on a separated gas phase part by using activated carbon, then discharging, and performing liquid-phase adsorption treatment on a separated liquid phase part by using activated carbon, and then collecting;
and in the low pollution area, excavating the polluted land, taking the soil, carrying out debenzolization treatment on the taken soil, and backfilling the soil to the excavated part of the low pollution area.
2. The method for treating benzene-contaminated land according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of extraction wells in step 2) is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, NWellThe number of extraction wells; mGeneral assemblyThe unit is kg for the total mass of the pollutants to be removed; t is the maximum time allowed for contaminant removal in units of d; rRemoving deviceThe rate of contaminant removal per well is in kg/d.
3. The method for treating benzene-contaminated land according to claim 2, characterized in that: the individual well contaminant removal rate can be calculated as follows:
Rremoving device＝ηGQ
In the formula, η is an efficiency factor, and the value range is 0.9-1.0;g is the concentration of the pollutants in the extracted gas-liquid mixture and is expressed in kg/m3(ii) a Q is the extraction flow of a single extraction well and is in m3/d。
4. The method for treating benzene-contaminated land according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of extraction wells is calculated as NWellAnd theoretical value NTheory of the inventionThe smaller of the two;
the calculated values are calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, NWellCalculating the number of extraction wells; mGeneral assemblyThe unit is kg for the total mass of the pollutants to be removed; t is the maximum time allowed for pollution removal, and the unit is d; rRemoving deviceThe unit is the removal rate of pollutants of a single well and is kg/d;
theoretical values were calculated according to the following formula:
Ntheory of the invention＝FAPollution (b) by/(πRShadow 2)
In the formula, APollution (b) byIs the area of contamination, in m2；RShadowThe influence range of the extraction well is m; f is an influence factor and generally takes a value of 1.1-1.5.
5. The method for treating benzene-contaminated land according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the bottom of the extraction well is 0.5-1m below the corresponding underground water level.
6. The method for treating benzene-contaminated land according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: in the step 2), the benzene removal treatment is to heat the soil for 1-5 hours at the temperature of 80-100 ℃.
7. The method for treating benzene-contaminated land, according to claim 6, characterized in that: and 2) collecting the discharged gas when the soil is heated, and performing activated carbon adsorption treatment.
8. The method for treating benzene-contaminated land according to claim 1, characterized in that: the amount of the activated carbon used in the gas phase adsorption treatment in the step 2) is calculated according to the following formula:
Mcarbon (C)＝MGeneral assembly/[0.35a(PVOCs)m]
In the formula, MCarbon (C)The unit is kg of the total amount of the active carbon required to be used; mGeneral assemblyThe unit is kg for the total mass of the pollutants to be removed; pVOCsIs the partial pressure of the contaminant in the gas in psi; a and m are constants.
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