CN110896563B - Method and device for configuring downlink reference signals in 5G system - Google Patents
Method and device for configuring downlink reference signals in 5G system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110896563B CN110896563B CN201811061473.7A CN201811061473A CN110896563B CN 110896563 B CN110896563 B CN 110896563B CN 201811061473 A CN201811061473 A CN 201811061473A CN 110896563 B CN110896563 B CN 110896563B
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
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- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for configuring downlink reference signals in a 5G system. The method is used for automatically allocating the resource positions of the CSI-RS according to the resource allocation rule and ensuring that the resource positions occupied by the CSI-RS do not conflict, and comprises the following steps: the base station determines a target time slot set of resource positions for transmitting the CSI-RS, then divides each cell into a plurality of groups based on cell IDs, further selects unallocated time slots from the target time slot set aiming at different groups, and allocates the CSI-RS resource positions for each group respectively by adopting a time division and frequency division combined mode, so that the calculation overhead of resource allocation can be reduced, the working efficiency of actual operation is improved, the interference problem between adjacent cells is effectively avoided, and the influence of each cell in each group on the transmission of service data of other adjacent cells can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for configuring downlink reference signals in a 5G system.
Background
Currently, in a Fourth Generation mobile communication (4G) system, a fixed transmission resource allocation scheme is designed for a cell downlink reference signal. First, the system determines the cell Identity (ID) of each cell, and then calculates the resource location occupied by the Cell Reference Signal (CRS) according to the cell ID of each cell.
In the prior art, a system sends CRS to terminals in each cell in all downlink subframes, and when cell IDs of two adjacent cells are equal to a modulo remainder of a setting parameter (e.g., 3), resource positions occupied by the CRS calculated based on the cell IDs are also the same, and in this case, when the system sends CRS signals, CRSs between adjacent cells interfere with each other, so that the modulo remainder of the setting parameter is generally required to be different from the adjacent cell IDs in a 4G system.
In a Fifth Generation mobile communication New Radio (5G NR) system, a cell ID and a resource location are not constrained and fixed, that is, the system does not need to configure a resource location of a Channel State Information-Reference signal (CSI-RS) according to the fixed cell ID.
In a 5G NR independent networking (SA) mode, types and uses of downlink reference signals in a cell are very diverse, and resource locations need to be configured for CSI-RSs of different types and uses, respectively, so that resource locations of multiple sets of CSI-RSs are configured in a cell, and the total amount of parameters that need to be configured is very large.
In the 5G NR system, according to the port type of the CSI-RS, the CSI-RS can be divided into a 1-port CSI-RS, a 2-port CSI-RS, a 4-port CSI-RS, an 8-port CSI-RS, a 16-port CSI-RS, a 24-port CSI-RS and a 32-port CSI-RS.
In the 5G NR system, CSI-RSs can be classified into four types, that is, a Reference Signal for time-frequency tracking (CSI-RS for tracking), a Reference Signal for mobility measurement (CSI-RS for mobility), a Reference Signal for channel state information measurement (CSI-RS for CSI), and a Reference Signal for L1 Reference Signal received Power measurement (CSI-RS for L1-Reference Signal Receiving Power, CSI-RS for L1-RSRP), according to the use of the CSI-RS.
Specifically, referring to table 1, the types and uses of CSI-RS are as follows:
TABLE 1
Each CSI-RS needs to configure 20 parameters, which specifically include a period, a slot position, a symbol position in the slot, a Physical Resource Block (PRB) position, a frequency bandwidth, a frequency density, a Resource Element (RE) position in the PRB, and a reference signal pattern.
Because no constraint condition is set for the configuration of the resource positions of the CSI-RSs in the existing 5G system, and a large number of parameters need to be set for each CSI-RS of a cell, under the condition of a large number of cells, if the resource positions occupied by the CSI-RSs are configured for all the cells, a large number of resource configuration parameters are needed, which is inconvenient for actual operation, increases the workload of calculation, reduces the accuracy of configuration parameters, and is difficult to ensure that the resource positions occupied by the CSI-RSs configured by adjacent cells do not conflict.
Therefore, a new method and apparatus for configuring a 5G downlink reference signal are needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for configuring downlink reference signals in a 5G system, so as to flexibly configure the resource positions of CSI-RS and ensure that the resource positions of the CSI-RS do not conflict.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
a method for configuring downlink reference signals in a 5G system includes:
determining a target slot set of resource locations for transmitting channel state information reference signals, CSI-RS, comprising: determining a preset sending unit time length, determining a downlink time slot and a special time slot contained in the sending unit time length, deleting the time slot occupied by a System Information Block (SIB) and a Synchronous Signal Block (SSB) from the downlink time slot and the special time slot, and taking the rest time slots as the target time slot set;
dividing each cell into a plurality of groups based on the cell identification information ID;
and aiming at each group, selecting a time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set, and allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group on the same symbol in one time slot according to a frequency division mode, or allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group on different symbols in one time slot, or allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group in different time slots.
Optionally, dividing each cell into a plurality of groups based on the cell ID includes:
taking a modulus of a cell ID and a set parameter, wherein the set parameter is a preset packet number;
and dividing the cells with the same cell ID and the residue value after the modulus of the set parameters into the same group.
Optionally, if the CSI-RS is a single-port reference signal for time-frequency tracking CSI-RS for tracking, for each packet, selecting an unallocated timeslot from the target timeslot set, and allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet according to a frequency division manner on a same symbol in a timeslot, or allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet on a different symbol in a timeslot, includes:
selecting one or two time slots from the target time slot set, and allocating CSI-RS for tracking resource positions for each group on a designated symbol in the time slot according to a frequency division mode; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and selecting one or two time slots from the target time slot set, and allocating CSI-RS for tracking resource positions for each group on different symbols in the time slots according to a time division mode.
Optionally, if the CSI-RS is a reference signal CSI-RS for mobility measurement of a single port and/or a reference signal CSI-RS for L1-RSRP for reception power measurement of a reference signal of L1 of a single port, or is a reference signal CSI-RS for mobility measurement of a dual port and/or a reference signal CSI-RS for L1-RSRP of a dual port, for each packet, selecting a timeslot that is not allocated from the target timeslot set, and allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet on the same symbol in one timeslot according to a frequency division manner, or allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet on different symbols in one timeslot, includes:
selecting a time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set;
within the one time slot, at least one symbol is respectively allocated to each packet in symbols except demodulation reference signals (DMRS) and control information;
and allocating the resource positions of the CSI-RS for mobility and/or the CSI-RS for L1-RSRP for the corresponding packets on each allocated symbol by adopting a frequency division mode.
Optionally, if the CSI-RS is a reference signal CSI-RS for CSI for channel state information measurement with multiple ports, selecting, for each packet, a timeslot that is not allocated yet from the target timeslot set, and allocating resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet in different timeslots, where the method includes:
and selecting the time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set, and sequentially allocating one time slot for the CSI-RS for CSI of each port type corresponding to each group.
Optionally, further comprising:
and allocating resource positions of the CSI-RS for CSI for a plurality of sets of CSI-RS for CSI of the same port type corresponding to the same group in a frequency division mode, and allocating the same resource elements RE for the CSI-RS for CSI which has the same port type but occupies different time slots among different groups.
Optionally, further comprising:
and determining the CSI-RS resource position of the adjacent cell of each cell in each group, and setting the power of each cell at the CSI-RS resource position of the corresponding adjacent cell to be zero power.
A device for configuring downlink reference signals in a 5G system, optionally including:
a determining unit, configured to determine a target timeslot set of resource locations for transmitting CSI-RS, including: determining a preset sending unit time length, determining a downlink time slot and a special time slot contained in the sending unit time length, deleting the time slot occupied by a System Information Block (SIB) and a Synchronous Signal Block (SSB) from the downlink time slot and the special time slot, and taking the rest time slots as the target time slot set; a grouping unit for dividing each cell into a plurality of groups based on the cell identification information ID;
and the allocation unit is used for selecting the unallocated time slots from the target time slot set aiming at each group, allocating the CSI-RS resource position for each group on the same symbol in one time slot according to a frequency division mode, or allocating the CSI-RS resource position for each group on different symbols in one time slot, or allocating the CSI-RS resource position for each group in different time slots.
Optionally, each cell is divided into a plurality of groups based on the cell ID, and the grouping unit is configured to:
taking a modulus of a cell ID and a set parameter, wherein the set parameter is a preset packet number;
and dividing the cells with the same cell ID and the residue value after the modulus of the set parameters into the same group.
Optionally, if the CSI-RS is a single-port reference signal for time-frequency tracking CSI-RS for tracking, for each packet, selecting an unallocated timeslot from the target timeslot set, and allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet according to a frequency division manner on the same symbol in a timeslot, or allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet according to a time division manner on different symbols in a timeslot, where the allocation unit is configured to:
selecting one or two time slots from the target time slot set, and allocating CSI-RS for tracking resource positions for each group on a designated symbol in the time slot according to a frequency division mode; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and selecting one or two time slots from the target time slot set, and allocating CSI-RS for tracking resource positions for each group on different symbols in the time slots according to a time division mode.
Optionally, if the CSI-RS is a reference signal CSI-RS for mobility measurement of a single port and/or a reference signal CSI-RS for L1-RSRP for reception power measurement of a reference signal of L1 of a single port, or is a reference signal CSI-RS for mobility measurement of a dual port and/or a reference signal CSI-RS for L1-RSRP of a dual port, for each packet, selecting a timeslot that is not allocated from the target timeslot set, and allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet in a frequency division manner on the same symbol in a timeslot, or allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet on a different symbol in a timeslot, where the allocation unit is configured to:
selecting a time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set;
within the one time slot, at least one symbol is respectively allocated to each packet in symbols except demodulation reference signals (DMRS) and control information;
and allocating the resource positions of the CSI-RS for mobility and/or the CSI-RS for L1-RSRP for the corresponding packets on each allocated symbol by adopting a frequency division mode.
Optionally, if the CSI-RS is a reference signal CSI-RS for CSI for channel state information measurement of multiple ports, for each packet, selecting a timeslot that is not allocated from the target timeslot set, and allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet in different timeslots, where the allocation unit is configured to:
and selecting the time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set, and sequentially allocating one time slot for the CSI-RS for CSI of each port type corresponding to each group.
Optionally, the allocation unit is further configured to:
and allocating resource positions of the CSI-RS for CSI for a plurality of sets of CSI-RS for CSI of the same port type corresponding to the same group in a frequency division mode, and allocating the same resource elements RE for the CSI-RS for CSI which has the same port type but occupies different time slots among different groups.
Optionally, the allocation unit is further configured to:
and determining the CSI-RS resource position of the adjacent cell of each cell in each group, and setting the power of each cell at the CSI-RS resource position of the corresponding adjacent cell to be zero power.
A storage medium, optionally storing a program for implementing a method for configuring downlink reference signals in a 5G system, the program, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:
determining a target slot set of resource locations for transmitting channel state information reference signals, CSI-RS, comprising: determining a preset sending unit time length, determining a downlink time slot and a special time slot contained in the sending unit time length, deleting the time slot occupied by a System Information Block (SIB) and a Synchronous Signal Block (SSB) from the downlink time slot and the special time slot, and taking the rest time slots as the target time slot set;
dividing each cell into a plurality of groups based on the cell identification information ID;
and aiming at each group, selecting a time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set, and allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group on the same symbol in one time slot according to a frequency division mode, or allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group on different symbols in one time slot, or allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group in different time slots.
A communications apparatus, optionally, comprising one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of the above.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention, a base station determines a target timeslot set of resource locations for transmitting CSI-RS, and then divides each cell into a plurality of groups based on a cell ID, and further selects, for different groups, an unallocated timeslot from the target timeslot set, and allocates the resource locations of CSI-RS for each group in a time division and frequency division combined manner, so that the calculation overhead of resource allocation can be reduced based on a predetermined resource allocation rule, the working efficiency of actual operation is improved, it is ensured that the resource locations occupied by CSI-RS do not conflict, and the interference problem between adjacent cells is effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a resource allocation procedure of a CSI-RS according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of symbols occupied by a single-port CSI-RS according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a functional structure diagram of a base station in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The downlink reference signal in 5G is configured for the user level, and the allocation of the resource position of the CSI-RS in the implementation of the invention is not limited to be used for periodic CSI-RS or aperiodic CSI-RS, nor is it limited to all user terminals to configure the same CSI-RS resource or configure different CSI-RS resources. Only the CSI-RS resources of all user terminals in the cell are limited to cooperate with the distribution rule of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, a detailed flow of configuration of a downlink reference signal in a 5G system is as follows:
step 100: the base station determines a target slot set of resource locations for transmitting the CSI-RS.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the base station determines the target timeslot set of the resource locations for transmitting the CSI-RS, the following operations may be performed, but are not limited to:
A. the base station determines a preset sending unit time length.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the preset sending unit duration includes P timeslots, and the sending unit duration includes at least one radio frame, that is, the sending unit duration is an integer multiple of the radio frame.
Within a transmission unit duration, an arbitrary radio frame nfTime slot n ofsIs numbered as
In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the configurable period of the resource location of the CSI-RS is an integer multiple of the transmission unit duration.
B. The base station determines the downlink time slot and the special time slot contained in the sending unit time length.
Specifically, the base station determines a downlink time slot and a special time slot in P time slots included in the transmission unit time length, optionally, the number of downlink symbols of the special time slot is not fixed, so that the base station preferentially selects and uses the conventional downlink time slot, and further, considers and uses the special time slot.
Specifically, given a radio frame nfThen the radio frame nfAll corresponding downlink time slots and special time slot set numbers are
C. And the base station deletes the time slots occupied by the SIB and the SSB from the downlink time slot and the special time slot.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, since a Physical Resource Block (PRB) occupied by a System Information Block (SIB) cannot transmit CSI-RS, to reduce the computational complexity, the base station reserves a whole time slot for the SIB, and the base station does not transmit CSI-RS on the PRB corresponding to the time slot occupied by the SIB.
In addition, although CSI-RS can be transmitted on PRBs occupied by a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), symbols occupied by the SSB are removed from the PRBs and the remaining symbols are not convenient for transmitting CSI-RS, i.e., symbols not occupied by the SSB in the PRB are not convenient for flexibly configuring resource locations of CSI-RS.
That is, the full-bandwidth PRB on the timeslot occupied by the SSB does not schedule transmission of the CSI-RS; if the SSBs between cells are transmitted in different time slots, the time slots that all SSBs may occupy are staggered.
Therefore, the system needs to delete the timeslots occupied by the SIB and the SSB from the downlink timeslot and the special timeslot included in the transmission unit duration.
D. And the base station takes the rest time slots as the target time slot set.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, after deleting the timeslots occupied by the SIB and the SSE in the downlink timeslot and the special timeslot included in the transmission unit duration, the base station uses the remaining timeslots as the target timeslot set, where the target timeslot set may be represented as
slotiIs a downlink time slot or a special time slot and is not used for sending SIB and SSB.
Step 110: the base station divides each cell into several groups based on the cell ID.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the base station groups the cells according to the cell IDs, that is, the base station divides the cells in the system into L groups based on the cell IDs, the cells with the same cell IDs as the modulo remainder of the setting parameter (e.g., L) are grouped into the same group, that is, the cell IDs of the cells in the same group have the same modulo value, and the base station allocates the same CSI-RS resource locations to the cells in the same group.
The cell ID is an identity that each cell must have, and is unique within a certain networking range.
When networking is carried out within a certain range, because the system requires that the cell ID of each cell is unique between adjacent cells, and the adjacent cells belong to different groups respectively, namely the ID of the adjacent cells is not equal to the modulus residue value of L, the CSI-RS resource positions configured by the base station for the adjacent cells are different, so that the CSI-RSs sent by the base station to the terminals in the adjacent cells cannot interfere with each other when the CSI-RS resource positions configured by the adjacent cells are different.
Further, there is a drawback in the prior art that when the cell IDs of two adjacent cells are different from the modulo remainder of the setting parameter, the resource locations occupied by the CRSs of the adjacent cells are different, but the resource location of the CRS of one cell is the resource location occupied by the service data of the adjacent cell, so the CRS sent by one cell further interferes with the service data of the adjacent cell.
Correspondingly, in the embodiment of the present invention, the larger the number of the groups of the cells is, the more resource position conflicts of the CSI-RSs configured in the neighboring cells can be avoided, but in order to avoid interference of the CSI-RSs of each cell on the service data of other neighboring cells, for each cell, the resource positions of the CSI-RSs of all neighboring cells need to be configured with corresponding Zero Power-CSI-RS (ZP-CSI-RS, Zero Power-CSI-RS) resources, and the larger the number of the cells contained in each group is, the more resource positions occupied by the CSI-RSs configured correspondingly are, so the size of L needs to be weighted according to management experience, and optionally, the default value of L is set to be 3, and L is less than or equal to 12.
The technical content of the ZP-CSI-RS resource will be described in detail in the following embodiments, and will not be described herein.
Step 120: and the base station selects the unallocated time slots from the target time slot set aiming at each group, allocates the CSI-RS resource position for each group on the same symbol in one time slot according to a frequency division mode, or allocates the CSI-RS resource position for each group on different symbols in one time slot, or allocates the CSI-RS resource position for each group in different time slots.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, two methods for allocating CSI-RS resource locations among groups of each cell may be summarized, that is, time division and frequency division. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the time division allocation method, the resource positions of the CSI-RS occupy different times, that is, the resource positions of the CSI-RS occupy different time slots, or occupy different symbols in the same time slot;
in the frequency division allocation method, Resource positions of CSI-RSs of different groups occupy different frequency domain positions in the same timeslot, that is, the Resource positions of the CSI-RSs occupy different PRBs, or occupy different Resource Elements (REs) in the same PRB.
Specifically, referring to table 2, the pattern of the resource locations of CSI-RS in one slot is as follows:
TABLE 2
Note: this Table is quoted from 3GPP TS 38.211 V15.2.0(2018-06) Table 7.4.1.5.3-1: CSI-RS locations with a slot.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, when step 120 is executed, the base station separately formulates a corresponding resource location allocation rule for each CSI-RS for each application, and the following description is separately introduced according to several cases:
in the first case: single-port CSI-RS allocation rules for CSI-RS for tracking.
The CSI-RS for tracking is obtained by configuring resource positions of two single-port CSI-RSs with rho being 3 in the same time slot combination, or is obtained by configuring resource positions of four single-port CSI-RSs in two continuous time slots, wherein the resource positions occupied by the CSI-RSs for tracking in the two continuous time slots are required to be the same. When the carrier frequency of the system is below 6GHz, the resource position configuration mode of two continuous time slots and two single-port CSI-RS resources of each time slot is only supported, and when the carrier frequency of the system is above 6GHz, the resource position configuration mode of the port single-port CSI-RS resources is supported.
Therefore, when configuring the CSI-RS for tracking resource location for each packet, the following methods can be adopted, but not limited to:
the first mode is as follows: the base station selects from the target time slot set (i.e. the base station is connected to the base station
) One or two downlink time slots are selected, and the CSI-RS for tracking resource positions are allocated to each group on the same symbol in the time slots according to a frequency division mode.
The second mode is as follows: the base station selects from the target time slot set (i.e. the base station is connected to the base station
) One or two downlink time slots are selected, and CSI-RS for tracking resource positions are allocated to each group on different symbols in the time slots.
The two methods can be used independently or simultaneously.
Specifically, for example, taking a timeslot as an example, when resource locations for CSI-RS for tracking are allocated to each packet in a frequency division manner on the same symbol in the timeslot, different REs on the same symbol are allocated first to reallocate different symbols, or different symbols are allocated first to reallocate different REs on the same symbol.
Specifically, as shown in tables 3 and 4, in the embodiment of the present invention, in one timeslot, when the CSI-RS for tracking resource location is allocated in groups of each cell, an RE may be first divided into symbols and then divided into symbols, or the symbols may be first divided into the REs; wherein the L groups correspond to L different CSI-RS for tracking resource positions.
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
For example: assuming that L is 3, that is, three cells exist in the system, and then a time slot is selected, where the positions of the designated symbols in the time slot are 4 and 8, the RE numbers obtained by the three cells on the frequency domains corresponding to the symbol positions 4 and 8 are 0, 1, and 2, respectively.
In the second case: a single-port CSI-RS allocation rule and a dual-port CSI-RS allocation rule for CSI-RS for mobility and/or CSI-RS for L1-RSRP.
A. Single-port CSI-RS allocation rules for CSI-RS for mobility and/or CSI-RS for L1-RSRP.
The number of resources occupied by the single-port CSI-RS is small, and if resource position parameters of multiple sets of CSI-RSs are configured for each cell of the single-port CSI-RS, the resource positions of the multiple sets of CSI-RSs are distributed for the single-port CSI-RS in a frequency division mode on a symbol. For the single-port CSI-RS, one PRB corresponding to one symbol in the frequency domain includes 12 REs, and the 12 REs may be used to configure resource locations of 12 single-port CSI-RSs at most.
Thus, for a single-port CSI-RS, the base station derives from the target set of slots (e.g., slots)i CSI-RS) In the method, one time slot which is not allocated is selected (for example, a downlink time slot is preferentially selected), in the one time slot, at least one symbol is allocated to each packet in symbols except a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) and Control information (Control), and then, on each allocated symbol, a resource position of CSI-RS for mobility and/or CSI-RS for L1-RSRP is allocated to the corresponding packet by a frequency division method.
It can be seen that when each cell in the same group occupies resource positions of multiple single-port CSI-RSs, different resource positions of the single-port CSI-RSs need to occupy different REs on the same symbol.
For example, referring to fig. 2, in a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) DMRS mapping type a, DMRS occupies symbols 2, 5, 8, 11, and Control occupies symbols 0 and 1, one symbol (e.g., symbol 3) may be selected from the remaining symbols 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, and 13 to allocate to a packet 1, and a resource location of a single-port CSI-RS of CSI-RS for mobility and/or CSI-RS for L1-RSRP may be allocated to the packet 1 on the symbol 3.
Specifically, as shown in tables 5 and 6, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the number L of packets in a cell is less than or equal to 7, a timeslot is allocated to CSI-RS for mobility and/or CSI-RS for L1-RSRP, and the density of a single-port CSI-RS is 1; and when the grouping number of the cell is more than 7 and less than or equal to 12, allocating a downlink time slot to the CSI-RS for mobility and/or the CSI-RS for L1-RSRP, wherein the density of the single-port CSI-RS is 0.5.
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
For example: assuming that the number L of packets of a cell is 3, that is, the base station divides each cell into three packets, which are respectively referred to as packet 1, packet 2 and packet 3, and then selects an unallocated slot in the target slot set, selects 3 symbols, which are respectively referred to as symbol 1, symbol 2 and symbol 3, from the slot, and respectively allocates the selected symbols to the corresponding packets, for example, symbol 1 is allocated to packet 1, symbol 2 is allocated to packet 2, and symbol 3 is allocated to packet 3, and taking symbol 2 as an example, it is assumed that on symbol 2, 5 sets of resource positions of CSI-RS for mobility and/or CSI-RS for L1-RSRP are configured for packet 2, and thus, on symbol 2, 5 REs are allocated for packet 2, and the starting RE numbers are respectively 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
B. Dual-port CSI-RS allocation rules for CSI-RS for CSI and/or CSI-RS for L1-RSRP.
Specifically, referring to table 7 and table 8, in the embodiment of the present invention, for the dual-port CSI-RS, the base station aggregates the target time slots (i.e., sets the target time slots) from the target time slot set
) Selecting a time slot which is not allocated, allocating at least one symbol for each group in symbols except a DMRS and a Control-resource set (Control-resource set) in the time slot, and allocating resource positions of dual-port CSI-RS for corresponding groups on the allocated symbols in a frequency division mode.
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
For example: assuming that the number L of packets of a cell is 5, i.e. the base station divides each cell into five packets, which are respectively referred to as packet 1, packet 2, packet 3, packet 4 and packet 5, then the base station selects an unallocated slot in the target slot set, selects 5 symbols, which are respectively referred to as symbol 1, symbol 2, symbol 3, symbol 4 and symbol 5, from the slot, and allocates the selected symbols to the corresponding packets, respectively, i.e. symbol 1 is allocated to packet 1, symbol 2 is allocated to packet 2, symbol 3 is allocated to packet 3, symbol 4 is allocated to packet 4, and symbol 5 is allocated to packet 5, taking symbol 1 as an example, it is assumed that on symbol 1, resource positions of 3 sets of CSI-RS for CSI and/or CSI-RS for L1-RSRP are configured for packet 1, and therefore on symbol 1, positions of 3 CSI-RS are allocated for packet 2 resources, the initial RE numbers are 0, 2, 4, respectively.
In the third case: a larger-than-dual-port CSI-RS allocation rule for CSI-RS for CSI.
The multi-port CSI-RS for CSI occupies a large number of REs in the PRB, so that for the grouped CSI-RS for CSI of a plurality of cells, the resource positions of the CSI-RS for CSI are respectively allocated to each group in a frequency division mode are not considered, and different time slots are respectively allocated to the CSI-RS for CSI of each port type corresponding to each group in a time division mode are considered. Further, when each cell in different groups occupies a resource position larger than the dual-port CSI-RS, the CSI-RS for CSI resource positions of the same port type between different groups occupy the same RE on the corresponding time slot, and the same port type between different groups, or the CSI-RS for CSI resource positions of different port types of different groups occupy different time slots.
Thus, for multi-port CSI-RS, the base station selects from the target set of time slots (e.g., for multi-port CSI-RS)
) And removing the allocated time slots, then selecting L time slots from the rest time slots, sequentially allocating CSI-RS for CSI resource positions for each group, and if multiple types of multi-port CSI-RS exist, respectively allocating a corresponding time slot for the CSI-RS for CSI of each port type corresponding to each group by the base station.
Specifically, as shown in table 9, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the number L of packets of a cell is 3, that is, a base station divides each cell into three packets, which are respectively referred to as a packet 0, a packet 1, and a packet 2, and each cell in the same packet configures CSI-RS for CSI in the same number, specifically, as shown in table 9, resource positions of a 2-port CSI-RS for CSI, a 4-port CSI-RS for CSI, an 8-port CSI-RS for CSI, and an X-port CSI-RS for CSI corresponding to the packet 0 respectively occupy different time slots and occupy different REs, resource positions of a 2-port CSI-RS for CSI, a 4-port CSI-RS for CSI, an 8-port CSI-RS for CSI, and an X-port CSI-RS for CSI corresponding to the packet 1 respectively occupy different time slots and occupy different REs, resource positions of the 2-port CSI-RS for CSI, the 4-port CSI-RS for CSI, the 8-port CSI-RS for CSI and the X-port CSI-RS for CSI corresponding to the group 2 respectively occupy different time slots and occupy different REs, further, the resource positions of the 2-port CSI-RS for CSI of the group 0, the group 1 and the group 2 occupy different time slots but occupy the same REs, the resource positions of the 4-port CSI-RS for CSI of the group 0, the group 1 and the group 2 occupy different time slots but occupy the same REs, the resource positions of the 8-port CSI-RS for CSI of the group 0, the group 1 and the group 2 occupy different time slots but occupy the same REs, and the resource positions of the X-port CSI-RS for CSI of the group 0, the group 1 and the group 2 occupy different time slots, but occupy the same RE.
TABLE 9
For example, the resource positions with different port numbers are only described, when resource position configuration is performed in a time division manner between time slots, configuration of the resource positions of CSI-RS for CSI for various port numbers does not have to be performed in the manner described above, and the number of the resource position ports of CSI-RS for CSI that are specifically configured is determined according to network requirements, which is not limited herein.
In summary, the target set of timeslots (i.e., the target timeslot set)
) The number of time slots available for resource location configuration of the CSI-RS needs to be greater than the number of time slots required by the resource location of the CSI-RS, and when the number L of packets of a cell is larger and the types of the CSI-RS are more, the more time slots are needed, the larger the unit time length needs to be sent, and the larger the configurable minimum period of the resource location of the CSI-RS is.
Based on the above embodiments, in the embodiments of the present invention, further, the base station determines the resource location of the CSI-RS of the neighboring cell of each cell in each group, and sets the power of the resource location of the CSI-RS of the neighboring cell of each cell as ZP.
According to the CSI-RS resource location allocation rule, under the condition that the number L of cell groups is constant, since the base stations can notify each other of the resource allocation conditions, the base station can know which neighboring cells each cell included in each configured group has and the CSI-RS resource location allocation conditions of the neighboring cells.
For example, referring to table 10, for cell 0, the base station determines that the neighboring cells of the cell are cell 1 and cell 2, the base station determines the resource positions of CSI-RSs of cell 1 and cell 2, and then the base station sets the power of the resource positions of CSI-RSs of cell 0 in cell 1 and cell 2 to zero power ZP. Aiming at a cell 1, a base station determines adjacent cells of the cell to be a cell 0 and a cell 2, the base station determines the resource positions of CSI-RS of the cell 1 and the cell 2, and then the base station sets the power of the CSI-RS resource positions of the cell 1 in the cell 0 and the cell 2 to be zero power ZP. Aiming at a cell 2, a base station determines that the adjacent cells of the cell are a cell 0 and a cell 1, the base station determines the resource positions of CSI-RSs of the cell 0 and the cell 1, and then the base station sets the power configured by the cell 2 at the resource positions of the CSI-RSs of the cell 0 and the cell 1 as zero power ZP.
In short, in order to avoid interference of the CSI-RS of each cell on the service data of other neighboring cells, the base station configures ZP-CSI-RSs with the same pattern for the resource positions of the CSI-RS of the neighboring cells, so as to avoid interference of the CSI-RS sent by the base station on the service channel of the neighboring cells.
Based on the foregoing embodiments, referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, a base station at least includes: a determination unit 101, a grouping unit 102 and an assignment unit 103, wherein,
determining unit 101, configured to determine a target timeslot set of resource locations for transmitting CSI-RS, including: determining a preset sending unit time length, determining a downlink time slot and a special time slot contained in the sending unit time length, deleting the time slot occupied by a System Information Block (SIB) and a Synchronous Signal Block (SSB) from the downlink time slot and the special time slot, and taking the rest time slots as the target time slot set;
a grouping unit 102 configured to divide each cell into a plurality of groups based on the cell identification information ID;
an allocating unit 103, configured to select, for each packet, a timeslot that is not allocated yet from the target timeslot set, allocate a CSI-RS resource location to each packet according to a frequency division manner on the same symbol in one timeslot, or allocate a CSI-RS resource location to each packet on different symbols in one timeslot, or allocate a CSI-RS resource location to each packet in different timeslots.
Optionally, each cell is divided into a plurality of groups based on the cell ID, and the grouping unit 102 is configured to:
taking a modulus of a cell ID and a set parameter, wherein the set parameter is a preset packet number;
and dividing the cells with the same cell ID and the residue value after the modulus of the set parameters into the same group.
Optionally, if the CSI-RS is a single-port reference signal for time-frequency tracking CSI-RS for tracking, for each packet, select an unallocated timeslot from the target timeslot set, allocate a resource location of the CSI-RS to each packet according to a frequency division manner on the same symbol in a timeslot, or allocate a resource location of the CSI-RS to each packet according to a time division manner on different symbols in a timeslot, where the allocating unit 103 is configured to:
selecting one or two time slots from the target time slot set, and allocating CSI-RS for tracking resource positions for each group on a designated symbol in the time slot according to a frequency division mode; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and selecting one or two time slots from the target time slot set, and allocating CSI-RS for tracking resource positions for each group on different symbols in the time slots according to a time division mode.
Optionally, if the CSI-RS is a reference signal CSI-RS for mobility measurement of a single port and/or a reference signal CSI-RS for L1-RSRP for reception power measurement of a reference signal of L1 of a single port, or is a reference signal CSI-RS for mobility measurement of a dual port and/or a reference signal CSI-RS for L1-RSRP of a dual port, for each packet, selecting a timeslot that is not allocated from the target timeslot set, and allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet on the same symbol in a timeslot according to a frequency division manner, or allocating a resource location of the CSI-RS for each packet on a different symbol in a timeslot, where the allocating unit 103 is configured to:
selecting a time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set;
within the one time slot, at least one symbol is respectively allocated to each packet in symbols except demodulation reference signals (DMRS) and control information;
and allocating the resource positions of the CSI-RS for mobility and/or the CSI-RS for L1-RSRP for the corresponding packets on each allocated symbol by adopting a frequency division mode.
Optionally, if the CSI-RS is a reference signal CSI-RS for CSI for channel state information measurement with multiple ports, for each packet, selecting a timeslot that is not allocated from the target timeslot set, and allocating resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet in different timeslots, where the allocating unit 103 is configured to:
and selecting the time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set, and sequentially allocating one time slot for the CSI-RS for CSI of each port type corresponding to each group.
Optionally, the allocating unit 103 is further configured to:
and allocating resource positions of the CSI-RS for CSI for a plurality of sets of CSI-RS for CSI of the same port type corresponding to the same group in a frequency division mode, and allocating the same resource elements RE for the CSI-RS for CSI which has the same port type but occupies different time slots among different groups.
Optionally, the allocating unit 103 is further configured to:
and determining the CSI-RS resource position of the adjacent cell of each cell in each group, and setting the power of each cell at the CSI-RS resource position of the corresponding adjacent cell to be zero power.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium storing a program for implementing a method for configuring a downlink reference signal in a 5G system, where the program, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:
determining a target slot set of resource locations for transmitting channel state information reference signals, CSI-RS, comprising: determining a preset sending unit time length, determining a downlink time slot and a special time slot contained in the sending unit time length, deleting the time slot occupied by a System Information Block (SIB) and a Synchronous Signal Block (SSB) from the downlink time slot and the special time slot, and taking the rest time slots as the target time slot set;
dividing each cell into a plurality of groups based on the cell identification information ID;
and aiming at each group, selecting a time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set, and allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group on the same symbol in one time slot according to a frequency division mode, or allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group on different symbols in one time slot, or allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group in different time slots.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention provides a communication device, which comprises one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of the above.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention, a base station determines a target timeslot set of resource locations for transmitting CSI-RS, and then divides each cell into a plurality of groups based on a cell ID, and further selects, for different groups, an unallocated timeslot from the target timeslot set, and allocates the resource locations of CSI-RS for each group in a time division and frequency division combined manner, so that the calculation overhead of resource allocation can be reduced based on a predetermined resource allocation rule, the working efficiency of actual operation is improved, it is ensured that the resource locations occupied by CSI-RS do not conflict, and the interference problem between adjacent cells is effectively avoided.
Further, the base station determines the resource position of the CSI-RS of the adjacent cell of each cell in each group, and sets the power of the resource position of the CSI-RS of the adjacent cell of each cell to zero power, so that the influence on the transmission of the service data of other adjacent cells can be reduced.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to encompass such modifications and variations.
Claims (17)
1. A method for configuring downlink reference signals in a 5G system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a target slot set of resource locations for transmitting channel state information reference signals, CSI-RS, comprising: determining a preset sending unit time length, determining a downlink time slot and a special time slot contained in the sending unit time length, deleting the time slot occupied by a System Information Block (SIB) and a Synchronous Signal Block (SSB) from the downlink time slot and the special time slot, and taking the rest time slots as the target time slot set;
dividing each cell into a plurality of groups based on the cell identification information ID;
and aiming at each group, selecting a time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set, and allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group on the same symbol in one time slot according to a frequency division mode, or allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group on different symbols in one time slot, or allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group in different time slots.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein dividing each cell into a number of groups based on cell IDs comprises:
taking a modulus of a cell ID and a set parameter, wherein the set parameter is a preset packet number;
and dividing the cells with the same cell ID and the residue value after the modulus of the set parameters into the same group.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein if the CSI-RS is a single-port reference signal for time-frequency tracking CSI-RS for tracking, selecting, for each packet, a slot from the target slot set that is not allocated, and allocating resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet in a frequency division manner on a same symbol in one slot or allocating resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet on a different symbol in one slot, comprises:
selecting one or two time slots from the target time slot set, and allocating CSI-RS for tracking resource positions for each group on a designated symbol in the time slot according to a frequency division mode; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and selecting one or two time slots from the target time slot set, and allocating CSI-RS for tracking resource positions for each group on different symbols in the time slots according to a time division mode.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein if the CSI-RS is a reference signal for single-port mobility measurement CSI-RS for mobility and/or a reference signal for single-port L1 reference signal received power measurement CSI-RS for L1-RSRP, or is a reference signal for dual-port CSI-RS for mobility and/or a reference signal for dual-port L1-RSRP, selecting, for each packet, an unallocated slot from the target set of slots, allocating resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet in a frequency division manner on a same symbol within one slot, or allocating resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet in a different symbol within one slot, comprises:
selecting a time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set;
within the one time slot, at least one symbol is respectively allocated to each packet in symbols except demodulation reference signals (DMRS) and control information;
and allocating the resource positions of the CSI-RS for mobility and/or the CSI-RS for L1-RSRP for the corresponding packets on each allocated symbol by adopting a frequency division mode.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein if the CSI-RS is a multiport CSI-RS for CSI reference signal, selecting, for each packet, a slot from the target slot set that is not allocated, and allocating, in a frequency division manner, a CSI-RS resource location for each packet in one slot, or allocating a CSI-RS resource location for each packet in a different slot, comprises:
and selecting the time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set, and sequentially allocating one time slot for the CSI-RS for CSI of each port type corresponding to each group.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
and allocating resource positions of the CSI-RS for CSI for a plurality of sets of CSI-RS for CSI of the same port type corresponding to the same group in a frequency division mode, and allocating the same resource elements RE for the CSI-RS for CSI which has the same port type but occupies different time slots among different groups.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising:
and determining the CSI-RS resource position of the adjacent cell of each cell in each group, and setting the power of each cell at the CSI-RS resource position of the corresponding adjacent cell to be zero power.
8. A device for configuring downlink reference signals in a 5G system, comprising:
a determining unit, configured to determine a target timeslot set of resource locations for transmitting CSI-RS, including: determining a preset sending unit time length, determining a downlink time slot and a special time slot contained in the sending unit time length, deleting the time slot occupied by a System Information Block (SIB) and a Synchronous Signal Block (SSB) from the downlink time slot and the special time slot, and taking the rest time slots as the target time slot set;
a grouping unit for dividing each cell into a plurality of groups based on the cell identification information ID;
and the allocation unit is used for selecting the unallocated time slots from the target time slot set aiming at each group, allocating the CSI-RS resource position for each group on the same symbol in one time slot according to a frequency division mode, or allocating the CSI-RS resource position for each group on different symbols in one time slot, or allocating the CSI-RS resource position for each group in different time slots.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein a target set of slots for resource locations for transmitting CSI-RS is determined, the determining unit to:
determining a preset sending unit time length;
determining a downlink time slot and a special time slot contained in a sending unit time length;
deleting the time slots occupied by the system information block SIB and the synchronous signal block SSB from the downlink time slot and the special time slot;
and taking the rest time slots as the target time slot set.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each cell is divided into groups based on cell IDs, the grouping unit to:
taking a modulus of a cell ID and a set parameter, wherein the set parameter is a preset packet number;
and dividing the cells with the same cell ID and the residue value after the modulus of the set parameters into the same group.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein if the CSI-RS is a single-port reference signal for time-frequency tracking CSI-RS for tracking, for each packet, selecting a slot from the target slot set that is not allocated, and allocating resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet in a frequency division manner on a same symbol in one slot, or allocating resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet in a time division manner on a different symbol in one slot, the allocating unit is configured to:
selecting one or two time slots from the target time slot set, and allocating CSI-RS for tracking resource positions for each group on a designated symbol in the time slot according to a frequency division mode; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and selecting one or two time slots from the target time slot set, and allocating CSI-RS for tracking resource positions for each group on different symbols in the time slots according to a time division mode.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein if the CSI-RS is a reference signal for single-port mobility measurement CSI-RS for mobility and/or a reference signal for single-port L1 reference signal received power measurement CSI-RS for L1-RSRP, or is a reference signal for dual-port CSI-RS for mobility and/or a reference signal for dual-port L1-RSRP, for each packet, selecting an unallocated slot from the target set of slots, allocating resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet in a frequency division manner on a same symbol within one slot, or allocating resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet on different symbols within one slot, the allocating unit is configured to:
selecting a time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set;
within the one time slot, at least one symbol is respectively allocated to each packet in symbols except demodulation reference signals (DMRS) and control information;
and allocating the resource positions of the CSI-RS for mobility and/or the CSI-RS for L1-RSRP for the corresponding packets on each allocated symbol by adopting a frequency division mode.
13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein if the CSI-RS is a multiport CSI-RS for CSI reference signal, the CSI-RS is configured to select, for each packet, a slot that is not yet allocated from the target slot set, allocate resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet in a frequency division manner in one slot, or allocate resource locations of the CSI-RS for each packet in different slots, and the allocating unit is configured to:
and selecting the time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set, and sequentially allocating one time slot for the CSI-RS for CSI of each port type corresponding to each group.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the allocation unit is further to:
and allocating resource positions of the CSI-RS for CSI for a plurality of sets of CSI-RS for CSI of the same port type corresponding to the same group in a frequency division mode, and allocating the same resource elements RE for the CSI-RS for CSI which has the same port type but occupies different time slots among different groups.
15. The apparatus of any of claims 8-14, wherein the allocation unit is further to:
and determining the CSI-RS resource position of the adjacent cell of each cell in each group, and setting the power of each cell at the CSI-RS resource position of the corresponding adjacent cell to be zero power.
16. A storage medium storing a program for implementing a method for configuring a downlink reference signal in a 5G system, the program, when executed by a processor, performing the steps of:
determining a target slot set of resource locations for transmitting channel state information reference signals, CSI-RS, comprising: determining a preset sending unit time length, determining a downlink time slot and a special time slot contained in the sending unit time length, deleting the time slot occupied by a System Information Block (SIB) and a Synchronous Signal Block (SSB) from the downlink time slot and the special time slot, and taking the rest time slots as the target time slot set;
dividing each cell into a plurality of groups based on the cell identification information ID;
and aiming at each group, selecting a time slot which is not allocated from the target time slot set, and allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group on the same symbol in one time slot according to a frequency division mode, or allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group on different symbols in one time slot, or allocating the resource position of the CSI-RS for each group in different time slots.
17. A communications apparatus comprising one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1-7.
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